The Fifth Book of MOSES, called DEUTERONOMY

CHAP. 1

  Moses’ speech in the end of the fortieth year, 1–5; briefly rehearsing the history of God’s sending them from Horeb, 6–13; of giving them officers, 14–18; of sending the spies to search the land, 19–33; of his anger for their incredulity, 34–40; and disobedience, 41–46.

1 on this. Nu. 32:5, 19, 32; 34:15; 35:14. Jos. 9:1, 10; 22:4, 7. Red sea. or, Zuph. Or rather, Suph. This could not have been the Red Sea, not only because the word yam, ‘sea,’ is not joined with it as usual, but because they were now east of Jordan, and farther from the Red Sea than ever. It seems to be the same which is called Suphah in Nu. 21:14; which must necessarily signify some place in or adjoining to the plains of Moab, and not far from the Jordan and Arnon. PTOLEMY mentions a people called Sophonites that dwelt in Arabia Petræa, who may have taken their name from this place. Paran. Paran, Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth, and Dizahab, seem to have been either places or cities not far from the plains of Moab; for it is evident that Paran and Hazeroth could not have been those near the Red sea, and not far from Horeb. ch. 33:2. Ge. 21:21. Nu. 10:12; 12:16; 13:3, 26. 1 Sa. 25:1. Hab. 3:3. Hazeroth. Nu. 11:35; 33:17, 18.
2 by the way. ver. 44; ch. 2:4, 8. Nu. 20:17–21. unto. ch. 2:14; 9:23. Nu. 13:26; 32:8. Jos. 14:6.
3 Nu. 20:1; 33:38.
4 ch. 2:26–37; 3:1–11. Nu. 21:21–35. Jos. 12:2–6; 13:10–12. Ne. 9:22. Ps. 135:11; 136:19, 20.
5 to declare. ch. 4:8; 17:18, 19; 31:9; 32:46.
6 in Horeb. ch. 5:2. Ex. 3:1; 17:6. Ye have. Ex. 19:1, 2. Nu. 10:11–13.
7 the mount. Ge. 15:16–21. Ex. 23:31. Nu. 34:3–12. Jos. 24:15. Am. 2:9. all the places. Heb. all his neighbours. in the plain. ch. 11:11. Jos. 10:40; 11:16, 17. the great. ch. 11:24. Jos. 1:4. 2 Sa. 8:3. 1 Ch. 5:9; 18:3.
8 set. Heb. given. which. Ge. 12:7; 13:14, 15 15:16, 18; 17:7, 8; 22:16–18; 26:3, 4; 28:13, 14.
9 I am not. Ex. 18:18. Nu. 11:11–14, 17.
10 your God. ch. 10:22; 28:62. Ge. 15:5; 22:17; 28:14. Ex. 12:37; 32:13. Nu. 1:46. 1 Ch. 27:23. Ne. 9:23. ye are this day. This was the promise made by God to Abraham, (Ge. 15:5, 6,) which Moses considers now as amply fulfilled. Many suppose this expression to be hyperbolical; and others, no friends to revelation, think it a vain, empty boast, because the stars, in their apprehension, amount to innumerable millions. But, as this refers to the number of stars which appear to the naked eye, which only amount to about 3010 in both hemispheres, the number of the Israelites far exceeded this; for independently of women and children, at the last census, they amounted to more than 600,000.
11 make you. 2 Sa. 24:3. 1 Ch. 21:3. Ps. 115:14. and bless you. Ge. 15:5; 22:17; 26:4; 49:25. Ex. 32:13. Nu. 6:27; 22:12.
12 ver. 9. Ex. 18:13–16. Nu. 11:11–15; 1 Ki. 3:7–9. Ps. 89:19. 2 Co. 2:16; 3:5.
13 Take. Heb. Give. Ex. 18:21. Nu. 11:16, 17. Ac. 1:21–23; 6:2–6.
15 I took. ch. 16:18. Ex. 18:25, 26. made. Heb. gave. Ep. 4:11. captains over thousands. Nu. 31:14. 1 Sa. 8:12; 17:18; 22:7.
16 charged. ch. 27:11; 31:14. Nu. 27:19. 1 Th. 2:11. 1 Ti. 5:21; 6:17. Hear. ch. 16:18, 19. Ex. 23:2, 3, 7, 8. Le. 19:15. 2 Sa. 23:3. 2 Ch. 19:6–10. Ps. 58:1. Jno. 7:24. the stranger. ch. 10:18, 19; 24:14. Ex. 22:21; 23:9. Le. 24:22.
17 shall not. ch. 10:17; 16:19. Le. 19:15. 1 Sa. 16:7. 2 Sa. 14:14. Pr. 24:23. Lu. 20:21. Ac. 10:34, 35. Ro. 2:11. Ep. 6:9. Col. 3:25. Ja. 2:1, 3, 9. 1 Pe. 1:17. respect persons. Heb. acknowledge faces. That is, let not the bold, daring countenances of the rich or mighty induce you to give an unrighteous decision; and let not the abject look of the poor man induce you either to favour him in an unrighteous cause, or to give judgment against him at the demand of the oppressor. ye shall hear. Ex. 23:3, 6, 7. 1 Sa. 12:3, 4. Job 22:6–9; 29:11–17; 31:13–16. Ps. 82:3, 4. Pr. 22:22, 23. Je. 5:28, 29. Am. 5:11, 12. Mi. 2:1–3; 3:1–4. 7:3, 4. Ja. 2:2–4, 6. ye shall not. 1 Ki. 21:8–14. Job 31:34. Pr. 29:25. Je. 1:17. Mat. 22:16. Mar. 12:14. 1 Th. 2:4. the judgment. 2 Ch. 19:6. the cause. ch. 17:8–10. Ex. 18:18, 22, 26.
18 ch. 4:5, 40; 12:28, 32. Mat. 28:20. Ac. 20:20, 27.
19 through. ch. 8:15; 32:10. Nu. 10:12. Je. 2:6. we came. See on ver. 2. Nu. 13:26.
20 the mountain. See on ver. 7, 8.
21 fear not. ch. 20:1. Nu. 13:30; 14:8, 9. Jos. 1:9. Ps. 27:1–3; 46:1, 7, 11. Is. 41:10; 43:1, 2. Lu. 12:32. He. 13:6.
22 We will send. The people proposed this measure through unbelief; Moses, mistaking their motive, approved of it; and God, being justly displeased, permitted them to follow their own counsel, which proved injurious to them only through their sin and folly. See on Nu. 13:1–20.
23 Nu. 13:3, etc.
24 See on Nu. 13:21–27. Jos. 2:1, 2.
26 Nu. 14:1–4. Ps. 106:24, 25. Is. 63:10. Ac. 7:51.
27 The Lord hated us. ch. 9:28. Ex. 16:3, 8. Nu. 14:3; 21:5. Mat. 25:24. Lu. 19:21.
28 discouraged. Heb. melted. ch. 20:8, marg. Ex. 15:15. Jos. 2:9, 11, 24, marg.; 14:8. Is. 13:7. Eze. 21:7. The people. ch. 9:1, 2. Nu. 13:28–33. walled. That is, with very high walls, which could not be easily scaled. HARMER says, high walls are still to be seen in Arabia, and are deemed a sufficient defence against the Arabs, who scarcely ever attempt to plunder except on horseback. The monastery on Mount Sinai, and the convent of St. Anthony, in Egypt, are surrounded with a very high wall, without gates; the persons and things being taken up and let down through an opening in the upper part, by means of a pulley and a basket. This kind of walling is a sufficient defence. we have seen. ch. 9:2. Jos. 11:22; 15:14. Ju. 1:10, 20. 2 Sa. 21:16–22.
29 See on ver. 21.
30 he shall. ch. 20:1–4. Ex. 14:14, 25. Jos. 10:42. 1 Sa. 17:45, 46. 2 Ch. 14:11, 12; 32:8. Ne. 4:20. Ps. 46:11. Is. 8:9, 10. Ro. 8:31, 37. according. Ex. ch. 7; 15. Ps. 78:11–13, 43–51; 105:27–36.
31 in the wilderness. Ex. ch. 16; 17. Ne. 9:12–23. Ps. 78:14–28; 105:39–41. bare thee. ch. 32:11, 12. Ex. 19:4. Nu. 11:11, 12, 14. Is. 40:11; 46:3, 4; 63:9. Ho. 11:3, 4. Ac. 13:18, marg.
32 2 Ch. 20:20. Ps. 78:22; 106:24. Is. 7:9. He. 3:12. 18, 19. Jude 5.
33 Who went. Ex. 13:21. Nu. 10:33. Ps. 77:20. Eze. 20:6. in fire. Ex. 13:21, 22; 14:19, 20, 24; 40:34–38. Nu. 9:15–22; 10:11, 12; 14:14. Ne. 9:12. Ps. 78:14; 105:39. Is. 4:5, 6. Zec. 2:5.
34 and sware. ch. 2:14, 15. Nu. 14:22–30; 32:8–13. Ps. 95:11. Eze. 20:15. He. 3:8–11.
36 Caleb. Nu. 13:6, 30; 26:65; 32:12; 34:19. Jos. 14:6–14. Ju. 1:12–15. wholly followed. Heb. fulfilled to go after. Nu. 14:24.
37 ch. 3:23–26; 4:21; 34:4. Nu. 20:12; 27:13, 14. Ps. 106:32, 33.
38 Joshua. See on Nu. 13:8, 16; 14:30, 38; 26:65. which standeth. Ex. 17:9–14; 24:13; 33:11. 1 Sa. 16:22. Pr. 22:29. encourage him. ch. 3:28; 31:7, 8, 14, 23. Nu. 27:18–23. Jos. 1:1, 6–9.
39 your little. Nu. 14:3, 31. which in. Is. 7:15, 16. Jon. 4:11. Ro. 9:11. Ep. 2:3.
40 See on Nu. 14:25.
41 We have sinned. See on Nu. 14:39, 40, etc.; 22:34. Pr. 19:3.
42 Go not up. Nu. 14:41, 42. for I am not. Le. 26:17. Jos. 7:8–13. 1 Sa. 4:2, 10. Is. 30:17; 59:1, 2. Ho. 9:12.
43 but rebelled. Is. 63:10. Ac. 7:51. Ro. 8:7, 8. went presumptuously up. Heb. ye were presumptuous and went up. Nu. 14:44.
44 chased you. When bees are provoked or disturbed, the whole swarm attack and pursue whatever annoys them, with great courage and fury, and sometimes are a most formidable enemy. They were so troublesome in some districts of Crete, that, according to PLINY, the inhabitants were actually compelled to forsake their homes. ÆLIAN reports, that some places in Seythia were formerly inaccessible on account of the numerous swarms of bees with which they were infested. Mr. PARK relates, that some of his associates imprudently attempted to rob a numerous hive which they found in their way. The exasperated little animals rushed out to defend their property, and attacked them with so much fury, that they quickly compelled the whole company, men, horses, and asses, to scamper off in all directions. The horses were never recovered, and a number of the asses were so severely stung, that they died the next day. ch. 28:25; 32:30. Ps. 118:12. Is. 7:18. unto Hormah. Nu. 14:45; 21:3.
45 Ps. 78:34. He. 12:17.
46 Nu. 14:25, 34; 20:1, 22. Ju. 11:16, 17.


  CHAP. 2

  The story is continued, that they were not to meddle with the Edomites, 1–8; nor with the Moabites, 9–15; nor with the Ammonites, 16–23; but Sihon the Amorite was subdued by them, 24–37.

1 we turned. ch. 1:40. Nu. 14:25. we compassed. ch. 1:2. Nu. 21:4. Ju. 11:18.
3 long enough. ver. 7, 14; ch. 1:6.
4 Ye are to pass. ch. 23:7. Nu. 20:14–21. Ob. 10–13. they shall. Ex. 15:15. Nu. 22:3, 4; 24:14–18. take ye. Mat. 5:16. Lu. 12:15. Ep. 5:15. Phi. 2:15. Col. 4:5.
5 no, not so much as a foot breadth. Heb. even to the treading of the sole of the foot. Ac. 7:5. because, ch. 32:8. Ge. 36:8. Jos. 24:4. 2 Ch. 20:10–12. Je. 27:5. Da. 4:25, 32. Ac. 17:26.
6 ver. 28, 29. Nu. 20:19. Mat. 7:12. Ro. 12:17. 2 Th. 3:7, 8.
7 blessed. Ge. 12:2; 24:35; 26:12; 30:27; 39:5. Ps. 90:17. he knoweth. Job 23:10. Ps. 1:6; 31:7. Jno. 10:27. these forty. ch. 8:2–4; 29:5. Ne. 9:21. Lu. 22:35.
8 And when. Nu. 20:20, 21. Ju. 11:18. Elath. 1 Ki. 9:26. Eloth. 2 Ki. 14:22; 16:6.
9 Distress not the Moabites. or, Use no hostility against Moab. Nu. 22:4. Ju. 11:17. 2 Ch. 20:10. Ar. Ar was situated south of the Arnon; and was called by the Greek writers Areopolis, and thought by them to be so named because the inhabitants worshipped Λρης, or Mars. St. JEROME says that it was destroyed by an earthquake when he was an infant. BURCKHARDT supposes that the ruins of a small castle called Mehatet el Hadj, may be the site of this ancient city. ver. 5. Nu. 21:15, 28. the children. ver. 19. Ge. 19:36, 37. Ps. 83:8.
10 All the nations here mentioned appear to have been the posterity of Ham, who lay under the prophetical curse of Noah, which was thus executed upon this part of them by the Moabites and Edomites. ver. 11. Ge. 14:5.
11 as the Anakims. See on ch. 1:28; 9:2. Nu. 13:22, 28, 33.
12 Horims. ver. 22. Ge. 14:6; 36:20–30. 1 Ch. 1:38–42. succeeded them. Heb. inherited them. Ge. 36:31–43. 1 Ch. 1:43–54. stead, or, room. as Israel did. Israel had, at the time when Moses spake this, conquered Sihon and Og, and taken possession of their countries, as Edom had done to the Horims. ver. 22, 32–37; ch. 1–11. Ge. 36:20. Nu. 21:21, etc.
13 brook. or, valley. Nu. 13:23, marg. Zered. The brook or torrent Zered, takes its rise in the mountains of Moab, and, running from east to west, falls into the Dead Sea. It seems to be the stream which BURCKHARDT calls Wady Beni Hammad, south of the Modjeb or Arnon, and about five hours north of Kerek. Nu. 21:12. Zared.
14 Kadesh-barnea. ch. 1:2, 19, 46. Nu. 13:26. until all the generation. ch. 1:34, 35. Nu. 14:28–35; 26:64, 65; 32:11. Ps. 90:3, 9; 95:11. Eze. 20:15. He. 3:8–19. Jude 5.
15 the hand of the. Ju. 2:15. 1 Sa. 5:6, 9, 11; 7:13. Ps. 32:4; 78:33; 90:7–9; 106:26. Is. 66:14. 1 Co. 10:5.
18 See on Nu. 21:15, 23. Is. 15:1.
19 See on ver. 5, 9. Ge. 19:36–38. Ju. 11:13–27. 2 Ch. 20:10.
20 Zamzummims. Ge. 14:5. Zuzims.
21 great. See on ver. 10, 11; ch. 1:28; 3:11. but the Lord. These fragments of ancient history seem to be introduced to encourage the Israelites. If the Lord destroyed these gigantic people before the posterity of Lot and of Esau, what cause had the posterity of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, his chosen servants and friends, to fear the Anakims, or the Canaanites? especially as Israel acted by commission from God, and had his promise as their security of success, and the pledge of it in his presence, and the wonders which he had already wrought for them; and as they were the only nation of worshippers of the Lord, in the ordinances of his institution, which could be found on earth. This is so often repeated to possess the minds of the Israelites with a sense of God’s providence, which rules every where; displacing one people, and placing another in their stead; and fixing their bounds also, which they cannot pass without his leave. ver. 22. Ju. 11:24. Je. 27:7, 8. Hab. 1:10, 11.
22 Esau. Ge. 36:8. the Horims. ver. 12. Ge. 14:6; 36:20–30. 1 Ch. 1:38, etc.
23 the Avims. Jos. 13:3. Avites. Azzah. 1 Ki. 4:24. Je. 25:20. Zep. 2:4. Zec. 9:5. Gaza. the Caphtorims which came. Ge. 10:14. Je. 47:4. Am. 9:7. Ac. 17:26.
24 the river Arnon. ver. 36. Nu. 21:13–15. Ju. 11:18–21. behold. Jos. 6:16. 2 Ch. 36:23. Ezr. 1:2. Je. 27:5. Eze. 29:20. Da. 2:38; 4:17. begin to possess it. Heb. begin, possess.
25 ch. 11:25; 28:10. Ex. 15:14–16; 23:27. Jos. 2:9–12; 9:24. 2 Ki. 7:6, 7. Ps. 105:38. Je. 33:9. Re. 3:9.
26 Kedemoth. Jos. 13:18; 21:37. with words. ch. 20:10, 11. Es. 9:30. Mat. 10:12–15. Lu. 10:5, 6, 10–12.
27 ver. 6. Nu. 21:21–23. Ju. 11:19.
28 only I will pass. Nu. 20:19.
29 As the children. It appears to have been only the Edomites of Kadesh-barnea, south of Canaan, who denied the Israelites a passage; for those of mount Seir, now called Shera, are here expressly said to have granted it them: and this, in fact, was the very road by which they arrived at Canaan. ch. 23:3, 4. Nu. 20:18. Ju. 11:17, 18. into the land. ch. 4:1, 21, 40; 5:16; 9:6; 25:15. Ex. 20:12. Jos. 1:11–15.
30 for the Lord. See on Ex. 4:21; 11:10. Nu. 21:23. Jos. 11:19, 20. Ju. 11:20. Ro. 9:17–23. obstinate. Is. 48:4.
31 give Sihon. See on ver. 24; ch. 1:8.
32 Nu. 21:23–30. Ju. 11:20–23. Ne. 9:22. Ps. 120:7; 135:11; 136:19.
33 the Lord. ch. 3:2, 3; 7:2; 20:16. Ge. 14:20. Jos. 21:44. Ju. 1:4; 7:2. we smote. ch. 29:7, 8. Nu. 21:24. Jos. 10:30–42.
34 utterly destroyed. ch. 7:2, 26; 20:16–18. Le. 27:28, 29. Nu. 21:2, 3. Jos. 7:11; 8:25, 26; 9:24; 11:14. 1 Sa. 15:3, 8, 9. the men, and the women, and the little ones of every city. Heb. every city of men, and women, and little ones.
35 ch. 20:14. Nu. 31:9–11. Jos. 8:27.
36 Aroer. ch. 3:12; 4:48. Jos. 13:9. Is. 17:2. Je. 48:19. not. Jos. 1:5. Ps. 44:3. Is. 41:15, 16. Ro. 8:31.
37 unto the land. ver. 5, 9, 19; ch. 3:16. Ju. 11:15. Jabbok. Ge. 32:22. Nu. 21:24. Jos. 12:2.


  CHAP. 3

  The conquest of Og, king of Bashan, 1–10. The size of his bed, 11. The distribution of his lands to the two tribes and half, 12–22. Moses prays to enter into the land, 23–25. He is permitted to see it, 26–29.

1 Bashan. Bashan, one of the most fertile districts of the Holy Land, was bounded on the west by the Jordan and Lake of Gennesareth, on the east by Trachonitis, on the south by the brook Jabbok, and on the north by mount Hermon; and seems to have been composed of two or three districts, on the south the land of Gilead, on the north the region of Argob, and east of both, the plain of Hauran. (See ver. 13–15.) The scenery of this elevated tract is described by Mr. BUCKINGHAM as extremely beautiful: its plains covered with a fertile soil; its hills covered with forests, and at every new turn presenting the most beautiful landscapes that can be imagined. Og. ch. 1:4; 4:47; 29:7; 31:4. Nu. 21:33–35. Jos. 9:10; 12:4; 13:30. 1 Ki. 4:19. Ne. 9:22. Ps. 135:10, 11; 136:20. Edrei. This town is placed by EUSEBIUS about 25 miles northward from Bostri; and mentioned by BURCKHARDT under the name of Draa.
2 Fear. ver. 11; ch. 20:3. Nu. 14:9. 2 Ch. 20:17. Is. 41:10; 43:5. Ac. 18:9; 27:24. Re. 2:10. as thou. didst. ch. 2:24–37. Nu. 21:23–25.
3 ch. 2:33, 34. Nu. 21:35. Jos. 13:12, 30.
4 all his cities. Nu. 32:33–42. Jos. 12:4; 13:30, 31. all the region. 1 Ki. 4:13.
5 ch. 1:28. Nu. 13:28. He. 11:30.
6 we utterly. ch. 2:34; 20:16–18. Le. 27:28, 29. Nu. 21:2. Jos. 11:14. as we did. ver. 2; ch. 2:24, 34. Ps. 135:10–12; 136:19–21.
7 ch. 2:35. Jos. 8:27; 11:11–14.
8 the land. Nu. 32:33–42. Jos. 12:2–6; 13:9–12.
9 Hermon. Mount Hermon is the south-eastern branch of Lebanon, beyond Jordan. The Chaldee Targumist, who places it at Cæsarea, and Samaritan interpreter call it toor talga, ‘the mountain of snow,’ because of its being always covered with snow; and JEROME informs us, that it lies higher than Paneas or Cæsarea Philippi, and that in the summer time snow used to be carried from thence to Tyre. It is now called El Heish, and is comprised in the district of Kanneytra. ch. 4:48, 49. Ps. 29:6; 89:12; 133:3. Ca. 4:8. Shenir. 1 Ch. 5:23. Eze. 27:5. Senir.
10 the cities. ch. 4:49. Edrei. Nu. 21:33. Jos. 12:4, 5; 13:11, 12, 31.
11 giants. Ge. 14:5. Rabbath. 2 Sa. 12:26. Je. 49:2. Eze. 21:20. Am. 1:14. Rabbah. nine cubits. 1 Sa. 17:4. Am. 2:9.
12 from Aroer. ch. 2:36; 4:48. Nu. 32:33–38. Jos. 12:2–6; 13:8–12, 14–28. 2 Ki. 10:33.
13 the rest. Nu. 32:39–42. Jos. 13:29–32. 1 Ch. 5:23–26. which was called. MICHAELIS says, ‘The tradition that giants formerly dwelt in this part, still remains in Arabia, only that it makes them rather taller than Moses does Og, and calls the land in which they lived, not Bashan, but Hadrach, which name occurs in Zec. 9:1. I received this information from the verbal communication of a credible Arab, who was born on the other side of Jordan, about three days’ journey from Damascus.’
14 Jair. 1 Ch. 2:21–23. Argob. See on ver. 4. Geshuri. Jos. 13:13. 2 Sa. 3:3; 10:6; 13:37. Bashan-havoth-jair. Nu. 32:41.
15 Machir. Ge. 50:23. Nu. 26:29; 32:39, 40. Jos. 17:1, 3; 22:7.
16 Reubenites. Nu. 32:33–38. 2 Sa. 24:5. river Jabbok. ch. 2:37. Ge. 32:22. Nu. 21:24. Jos. 12:2, 3.
17 Chinnereth. See on Nu. 34:11. Jos. 12:3. the sea. ch. 4:49. Ge. 13:10; 14:3; 19:28, 29. Nu. 34:11, 12. Jos. 3:16; 12:3; 15:2, 5; 18:19. Ashdoth-pisgah. or, the springs of Pisgah, or, the hill. Nu. 23:14.
18 I commanded. Nu. 32:20–24. Jos. 1:12–15; 4:12, 13; 22:1–9. meet for the war. Heb. sons of power.
20 return. Jos. 22:4, 8.
21 I commanded. Nu. 27:18–23. so shall. Jos. 10:25. 1 Sa. 17:36, 37. Ps. 9:10. 2 Co. 1:10; 12:10. Ep. 3:20. 2 Ti. 4:17, 18.
22 shall not. Is. 43:1, 2. for the Lord. ch. 1:30; 20:4. Ex. 14:14. Nu. 21:34. Jos. 10:42. 2 Ch. 13:12; 20:17, 29. Ps. 44:3.
23 2 Co. 12:8, 9.
24 thy greatness. ch. 11:2. Ne. 9:32. Ps. 106:2; 145:3, 6. Je. 32:18–21. what God. Ex. 15:11. 2 Sa. 7:22. Ps. 35:10; 71:19; 86:8; 89:6, 8. Is. 40:18, 25. Je. 10:6. Da. 3:29.
25 the good land. ch. 4:21, 22; 11:11, 12. Ex. 3:8. Nu. 32:5. Eze. 20:6. Lebanon. Lebanon is a long chain of limestone mountains, extending from near the coast of the Mediterranean on the west to the plains of Damascus on the east, and forming the extreme northern boundary of the Holy Land. It is divided into two principal ridges, running parallel to each other in a north-north-east direction; the most westerly of which was properly called Libanus, and the easterly Anti-Libanus: the Hebrews did not make this distinction. It is computed to be fifteen or sixteen hundred fathoms in height. They are by no means barren, but are almost all well cultivated and well peopled; their summits being in many parts level, and forming extensive plains, in which are sown corn and all kinds of pulse. Vineyards, and plantations of olive, mulberry, and fig trees, are also cultivated in terraces formed by walls; and the soil of the declivities and hollows is most excellent, and produces abundance of corn, oil, and wine.
26 the Lord. ch. 1:37; 31:2; 32:51, 52; 34:4. Nu. 20:7–12; 27:12–14. Ps. 106:32, 33. Is. 53:5, 6. Mat. 26:39. Let it. 1 Ch. 17:4, 12, 13; 22:7–9; 28:2–4. Mat. 20:22. 2 Co. 12:8.
27 thee up. ch. 34:1–4. Nu. 27:12. Pisgah. or, the hill. ver. 17. lift up. Ge. 13:14, 15.
28 charge Joshua. ch. 1:38; 31:3, 7, 23. Nu. 27:18–23. 1 Ch. 22:6, 11–16; 28:9, 10, 20. 1 Ti. 6:13, 14. 2 Ti. 2:1–3; 4:1–6. for he shall. Jos. 1:2; 3:7–17. Jno. 1:17. Ac. 7:45. He. 4:8. Jesus.
29 ch. 4:3, 46; 34:6. Nu. 25:3; 33:48, 49.


  CHAP. 4

  An exhortation to obedience, 1–40. Moses appoints the three cities of refuge on that side Jordan, 41–43. Recapitulation, 44–49.

1 unto the statutes. Statutes, every thing that concerned morals and the rites and ceremonies of religion; judgments, all matters of civil right and wrong. ver. 8, 45; ch. 5:1; 6:1, 2; 8:1; 11:1, 32. Le. 19:37; 20:8; 22:31. Ps. 105:45; 119:4. Eze. 11:20; 36:27; 37:24. Mat. 28:20. Lu. 1:6. Jno. 15:14. that ye may. Le. 18:5. Eze. 20:11, 21. Ro. 10:5.
2 ch. 12:32. Jos. 1:7. Pr. 30:6. Ec. 12:13. Mat. 5:18, 43; 15:2–9. Mar. 7:1–13. Ga. 3:15. Re. 22:18, 19.
3 What the. Nu. 25:1–9; 31:16. Jos. 22:17. Ps. 106:28, 29. Ho. 9:10. for all the men. It appears from this appeal, that the pestilence, as well as the sword of the magistrates, singled out the guilty persons and spared the rest. (Ps. 91:6–8.) The legislator, in order to deter the Jews from idolatry, alludes to this fact, but he notices no circumstance but one, which, though in the original narrative was not stated, was infinitely the most important to advert to on this occasion; but which no persons, but spectators of the fact, and perfectly acquainted with every individual concerned in it, could possibly feel the truth of. Nu. 26:64.
4 ch. 10:20; 13:4. Jos. 22:5; 23:8. Ru. 1:14–17. Ps. 63:8; 143:6–11. Is. 26:20. Eze. 9:4. Jno. 6:67–69. Ac. 11:23. Ro. 12:9. Re. 14:4; 20:4.
5 ver. 1. Pr. 22:19, 20. Mat. 28:20. Ac. 20:27. 1 Co. 11:23; 15:3. 1 Th. 4:1, 2. He. 3:5. The people had been often ready to conclude that Moses taught them by his own authority; but at the close of his life he solemnly assured them that he had instructed them exactly as the Lord had commanded him, neither more, nor less, nor otherwise. This is a most express declaration that he was divinely inspired, and utterly incompatible with his integrity of character, if he was not. SCOTT.
6 this is your. Job 28:28. Ps. 19:7; 111:10; 119:98–100. Pr. 1:7; 14:8. Je. 8:9. 2 Ti. 3:15. Ja. 3:13. Surely. 1 Ki. 4:34; 10:6–9. Ps. 119:99. Da. 1:20; 4:9; 5:11–16. Zec. 8:20–23. Mal. 3:12.
7 what nation. Nu. 23:9, 21. 2 Sa. 7:23. Is. 43:4. who hath. ch. 5:26. Ps. 46:1; 73:28; 145:18; 148:14. Is. 55:6. Ep. 2:12–22. Ja. 4:8.
8 ch. 10:12, 13. Ps. 19:7–11; 119:86, 96, 127, 128; 147:19, 20. Ro. 7:12–14. 2 Ti. 3:16, 17.
9 keep thy soul. ver. 15, 23. Pr. 3:1, 3; 4:20–23. Lu. 8:18. He. 2:3. Ja. 2:22. lest they. Jos. 1:18. Ps. 119:11. Pr. 3:1–3, 21; 4:4; 7:1. He. 2:1. Re. 3:3. teach them. ch. 6:7; 11:19; 29:29; 31:19. Ge. 18:19. Ex. 13:8, 9, 14–16. Jos. 4:6, 7, 21. Ps. 34:11–16; 71:18; 78:3–8. Pr. 1:8; 4:1–13; 23:26. Is. 38:19. Ep. 6:4.
10 the day. ch. 5:2. Ex. 19:9, 16; 20:18. He. 12:18, 19, 25. fear me. ch. 5:29. Ex. 20:20. 1 Sa. 12:24. Ec. 12:13. Lu. 1:50. Re. 19:5.
11 stood. ch. 5:23. Ex. 19:16–18; 20:18, 19. midst. Heb. heart.
12 the Lord. ch. 5:4, 22. no similitude. ver. 15. Nu. 12:8. Is. 40:18. Col. 1:15. only ye heard a voice. Heb. save a voice. ver. 33, 36. Ex. 20:22. 1 Ki. 19:12, 13. Is. 30:21; 40:3, 6. Mat. 3:3, 17; 17:5. Jno. 12:28–30. 2 Pe. 1:17, 18.
13 And he. ch. 5:1–21. Ex. 19:5; 24:17, 18. He. 9:19, 20. ten. ch. 10:4. Ex. 34:28. he wrote. ch. 9:9–11; 10:1–5. Ex. 24:12; 31:18; 34:28. 2 Co. 3:7. He. 9:4.
14 Eze. ch. 21–23. Ps. 105:44, 45.
15 Take ye. See on ver. 9, 23. Jos. 23:11. 1 Ch. 28:9, 10. Ps. 119:9. Pr. 4:23, 27. Je. 17:21. Mal. 2:15. of similitude. See on ver. 12. Is. 40:18. 2 Co. 4:4–6. He. 1:3.
16 corrupt. ver. 8, 9. Ex. 20:4, 5; 32:7. Ps. 106:19, 20. Ro. 1:22–24. the likeness. Such as Baalpeor, the Roman Priapus; Ashtaroth or Astarte, the Greek and Roman Venus, and many others. ver. 23. Is. 40:18. Jno. 4:24. Ac. 17:29; 20:4, 5. 1 Ti. 1:17.
17 In these verses there is an evident allusion to the idolatrous worship in Egypt. Among the Egyptians, almost every thing in nature was the object of their idolatry: among BEASTS were oxen, heifers, sheep, goats, lions, dogs, monkeys, and cats; among BIRDS, the ibis, crane, and hawk; among REPTILES, the crocodile, serpents, frogs, flies, and beetles; all the FISH of the Nile, and the Nile itself; besides the sun, moon, planets, stars, fire, light, air, darkness, and night. These are all included in the very circumstantial prohibition in the text, and very forcibly in the general terms of Ex. 20:4, the reason of which prohibition becomes self-evident, when the various objects of Egyptian idolatry are considered. Ro. 1:23.
19 when thou. ch. 17:3. 2 Ki. 23:4, 5, 11. Job 31:26, 27. Je. 8:2. Eze. 8:16. Am. 5:25, 26. the host. Ge. 2:1. 2 Ki. 17:16; 21:3. Je. 19:13. Zep. 1:5. Ac. 7:42. Ro. 1:25. which the Lord. Ge. 1:16–18. Jos. 10:12, 13. Ne. 9:6. Ps. 74:16, 17; 136:7–9; 148:3–5. Je. 31:35; 33:25. Mat. 5:45. divided. or, imparted.
20 the iron. 1. Ki. 8:51. Je. 11:4. a people. ch. 9:26, 29; 32:9. Ex. 19:5, 6. Ps. 28:9; 33:12; 135:4. Is. 63:17, 18. Ep. 1:18. Tit. 2:14. 1 Pe. 2:9.
21 See on ch. 1:37; 3:26; 31:2. Nu. 20:12. Ps. 106:32, 33.
22 ch. 3:25, 27. 1 Ki. 13:21, 22. Am. 3:2. He. 12:6–10. 2 Pe. 1:13–15.
23 heed. See on ver. 9, 15, 16; ch. 27:9. Jos. 23:11. Mat. 24:4. Lu. 12:15; 21:8. He. 3:12. lest ye forget. ch. 6:12; 29:25; 31:20. Jos. 23:16. 1 Ch. 16:15. Is. 24:5. Je. 31:22. Eze. 16:59. make you. See on ver. 16. Ex. 20:4, 5.
24 thy God. ch. 9:3; 32:22. Ex. 24:17. Ps. 21:9. Is. 30:33; 33:14. Je. 21:12–14. Na. 1:6. Zep. 1:18. He. 12:29. a jealous God. ch. 6:15; 29:20; 32:16, 21. Ex. 20:5; 34:14. Ps. 78:58. Is. 42:8. Na. 1:2. Zep. 3:8. 1 Co. 10:22.
25 beget. ch. 31:16–18. Ju. 2:8–15. corrupt. See on ver. 16; ch. 31:29. Ex. 32:7. Ho. 9:9. do evil. 2 Ki. 17:17–19; 21:2, 14–16. 2 Ch. 36:12–16. 1 Co. 10:22.
26 I call heaven. A most solemn method of adjuration, in use among all nations in the world; God and man being called upon to bear testimony to the truth of what was spoken, that if there was any flaw or insincerity it might be detected, and if any crime, it might not go unpunished. Such appeals to God shew at once the origin and use of oaths. ch. 30:18, 19; 31:28; 32:1. Is. 1:2. Je. 2:12; 6:19; 22:29. Eze. 36:4. Mi. 1:2; 6:2. ye shall. ch. 29:28. Le. 18:28; 26:31–35. Jos. 23:16. Is. 6:11; 24:1–3. Je. 44:22. Eze. 33:28. Lu. 21:24.
27 ch. 28:62–64. Ne. 1:3, 8, 9. Eze. 12:15; 32:26.
28 ye shall. ch. 28:36, 64. 1 Sa. 26:19. Je. 16:13. Eze. 20:32, 39. Ac. 7:42. neither see. Ps. 115:4–7; 135:15, 16. Is. 44:9; 45:20; 46:7. Je. 10:3, 9.
29 But if. ch. 30:10. Le. 26:39–42. 2 Ch. 15:4, 15. Ne. 1:9. Is. 55:6, 7. Je. 3:12–14; 29:12–14. with all. ch. 30:1–3. 1 Ki. 8:47, 48. 2 Ki. 10:31; 23:3. 2 Ch. 15:12; 31:21. Ps. 119:2, 10, 58, 145. Je. 3:10. Joel 2:12.
30 all these. 1 Ki. 8:46–53. 2 Ch. 6:36–39. Da. 9:11–19. are come upon thee. Heb. have found thee. ch. 31:17. Ex. 18:8, marg. in the latter. ch. 31:29. Ge. 49:1. Nu. 24:20. Je. 23:20. Da. 10:14. Ho. 3:5. He. 1:2. if thou. ch. 30:10. La. 3:40. Ho. 14:2, 3. Joel 2:12, 13. Ac. 3:19; 26:20. obedient. Is. 1:19. Je. 7:23. Zec. 6:15. He. 5:9.
31 the Lord. Ex. 34:6, 7. Nu. 14:18. 2 Ch. 30:9. Ne. 1:5; 9:31. Ps. 86:5, 15; 116:5; 145:8, 9. Jon. 4:2. Mi. 7:18. forget. Le. 26:42, 45. Ps. 105:8; 111:5, 9. Je. 14:21. Lu. 1:72.
32 ask now. Job 8:8. Ps. 44:1. Joel 1:2. from the one. ch. 30:4. Mat. 24:31. Mar. 13:27.
33 ver. 24–26; ch. 9:10. Ex. 19:18, 19; 20:18, 19; 24:11; 33:20. Ju. 6:22.
34 take him. Ex. 1:9; 3:10, 17–20. temptations. ch. 7:19; 29:3. Ex. 9:20, 21; 10:7. by signs. Ex. 7:3. Ps. 78:12, 48–53. by a mighty. ch. 5:15; 6:21; 7:8, 9. Ex. 6:6; 13:3. 1 Pe. 5:6. and by great. ch. 26:8; 34:12. Ex. 12:30–33.
35 know. 1 Sa. 17:45–47. 1 Ki. 18:36, 37. 2 Ki. 19:19. Ps. 58:11; 83:18. none else. ch. 32:39. Ex. 15:11. 1 Sa. 2:2. Is. 44:6, 8; 45:5, 18, 22. Mar. 12:29, 32. 1 Jno. 5:20, 21.
36 ver. 33. Ex. 19:9, 19; 20:18–22; 24:16. Ne. 9:13. He. 12:18, 25.
37 because. ch. 7:7–9; 9:5; 10:15. Ps. 105:6–10. Is. 41:8, 9. Je. 31:1. Mal. 1:2. Lu. 1:72, 73. Ro. 9:5. and brought. Ex. 13:3, 9, 14. in his sight. 2 Ch. 16:9. Ps. 32:8; 34:15. with his. See on ver. 34. Ps. 114; 136:10–15. Is. 51:9–11; 63:11, 12.
38 drive. ch. 7:1; 9:1–5; 11:23. Ex. 23:27, 28. Jos. 3:10. Ps. 44:2, 3. as. ch. 2:31–37; 3:1–16; 8:18.
39 and consider. ch. 32:29. 1 Ch. 28:9. Is. 1:3; 5:12. Ho. 7:2. the Lord. See on ver. 35. Jos. 2:11. 1 Ch. 29:11. 2 Ch. 20:6. Ps. 115:3; 135:6. Da. 4:35.
40 keep. See on ver. 1, 6; ch. 28:1–14. Le. 22:31; 26:1–13. Je. 11:4. Jno. 14:15, 21–24. it may go. ch. 5:16; 6:3, 18; 12:25, 28; 22:7. Ep. 6:3. 1 Ti. 4:8.
41 Nu. 35:6, 14, 15. Jos. 20:2–9.
42 ch. 19:1–10. Nu. 35:6, 11, 12, 15–28. He. 6:18.
43 Bezer. Bezer is the same as Bozra, formerly a royal city of Edom. See Note on Ge. 36:33. Jos. 20:8. Ramoth. Ramoth was a celebrated city in the mountains of Gilead, placed by EUSEBIUS fifteen miles east from Philadelphia or Ammon, and by JEROME in the neighbourhood of Jabbok, and consequently north of Philadelphia. Jos. 21:38. 1 Ki. 4:13; 22:3, 4. 1 Ch. 6:80. Golan. This city gave name to the district of Gaulonitis, now called Djolan, which comprises the plain to the south of Djedour or Iturea, and to the west of Haouran: its southern frontier is the Nahar Aweired, by which it is separated from the district of Erbad, and the Sheriat el Mandhour, which separates it from the district of El Kefarat: on the west it is limited by the territory of Feik, and on the north-west by Djebel Heish, or mount Hermon. Jos. 21:27. 1 Ch. 6:71.
44 This is evidently an introduction to the discourse of the subsequent chapters. Moses having practically improved some particulars in the history of Israel, proceeded to repeat and enforce the laws which he had before delivered, with additions and explanations, beginning with the ten commandments, ch. 1:5; 17:18, 19; 27:3, 8, 26; 33:4. Le. 27:34. Nu. 36:13. Mal. 4:4. Jno. 1:17.
45 These. ch. 6:17, 20. 1 Ki. 2:3. Ps. 119:2, 14, 22, 24, 111. statutes. See on ver. 1. Ps. 119:5. judgments. Ps. 119:7.
46 On this side. ver. 47. See on ch. 1:5; 3:29. Nu. 32:19. over. ch. 3:29. Beth-peor. Beth-peor was a city which was situated, according to EUSEBIUS, opposite Jericho, and six miles above Livias. As the name signifies ‘the house of Peor,’ it is probable that there was a temple to Peor, situated in this place, full in view of the people, while Moses was pressing upon them the worship of Jehovah alone; and perhaps the very temple where so many had sinned to their own destruction. Moses. ch. 1:4; 2:30–36; 3:8. Nu. 21:21–32.
47 See on ch. 3:1–14; 29:7, 8. Nu. 21:33–35.
48 Aroer. ch. 2:36; 3:12. Jos. 13:24, etc. even unto. The Samaritan interpreter has, ‘unto the mountain of snow, which is Hermon.’ See Note on ch. 3:9. Sion. ch. 3:9. Ps. 133:3.
49 under the springs. ch. 3:17; 34:1. Jos. 13:20.


  CHAP. 5

  The covenant in Horeb, 1–5. The ten commandments, 6–21. At the people’s request Moses receives the law from God, 22–33.

1 all Israel. ch. 1:1; 29:2, 10. Hear. See on ch. 4:1. keep, and. Heb. keep to. Mat. 23:3.
2 ch. 4:23. Ex. 19:5–8; 24:8. He. 8:6–13; 9:19–23.
3 ch. 29:10–15. Ge. 17:7, 21. Ps. 105:8–10. Je. 32:38–40. Mat. 13:17. Ga. 3:17–21. He. 8:8, 9.
4 ver. 24–26; ch. 4:33, 36; 34:10. Ex. 19:9, 18, 19; 20:18–22; 33:11. Nu. 12:8.
5 ver. 27. Ge. 18:22. Ex. 19:16; 20:18–21; 24:2, 3. Nu. 16:48. Ps. 106:23. Je. 30:21. Zec. 3:1–5. Ga. 3:19. He. 9:24; 12:18–24.
6 I am the. ch. 4:4. See on Ex. 20:2–17. Le. 26:1, 2. brought. Ps. 81:5–10. bondage. Heb. servants.
7 See on Ex. 20:3. Mat. 4:10. Jno. 5:23. 1 Jno. 5:21.
8 graven image. See on ch. 4:15–19. Ex. 20:4.
9 shalt not. See on Ex. 20:4–6. the Lord. On the import of the word yehowah, which we translate Lord, see Note on Ex. 3:15. The word elohim, which is rendered God, in the singular, eloah, and in Arabic, allah, is derived from the Arabic alaha, he worshipped, adored, was struck with astonishment, fear, or terror: and hence, he adored with sacred horror and veneration: it also signifies, he succoured, liberated, kept in safety, or defended. Hence we learn that elohim denotes the sole object of adoration; the perfections of whose nature must astonish all who contemplate them, and fill with horror all who rebel against him; that consequently he must be worshipped with reverence and religious fear; and that every sincere worshipper may expect help in all his weaknesses, etc., freedom from the power, guilt, and consequences of sin, and support and defence to the uttermost. a jealous God. See on Ex. 34:14. visiting. Ex. 34:7. Je. 32:18. Da. 9:4–9. Mat. 23:35, 36. Re. 11:18, 19.
10 shewing. Is. 1:16–19. Je. 32:18. Da. 9:4. Mat. 7:21–27. Ga. 5:6. 1 Jno. 1:7. love me. ch. 6:5, 6; 10:12, 13. Jno. 14:15, 21–23; 15:14. Ro. 8:28. Ja. 1:25. 1 Jno. 5:2, 3.
11 ch. 6:13. See on Ex. 20:7. Le. 19:12. Ps. 139:20. Je. 4:2. Mat. 5:33, 34. Ja. 5:12.
12 See on Ex. 20:8–11. Is. 56:6; 58:13.
13 Ex. 23:12; 35:2, 3. Eze. 20:12. Lu. 13:14–16; 23:56.
14 the sabbath. Ge. 2:2. Ex. 16:29, 30. He. 4:4. thy stranger. Ne. 13:15–21. thy man-servant. Ex. 23:12. Le. 25:44–46. Ne. 5:5.
15 remember. ch. 15:15; 16:12; 24:18–22. Is. 51:1, 2. Ep. 2:11, 12. the Lord. See on ver. 6. Ps. 116:16. Is. 63:9. Lu. 1:74, 75. Tit. 2:14. through. See on ch. 4:34–37.
16 Honour. See on Ex. 20:12. Le. 19:3. Mat. 15:4–6. Col. 3:20. that thy days. ch. 4:40; 27:16. Ep. 6:1–3.
17 See on Ex. 20:13. Mat. 5:21, 22.
18 See on Ex. 20:14. Pr. 6:32, 33. Mat. 5:27, 28. Lu. 18:20. Ja. 2:10, 11.
19 See on Ex. 20:15. Ro. 13:9. Ep. 4:28.
20 ch. 19:16–21. See on Ex. 20:16; 23:1. 1 Ki. 21:13. Pr. 6:19; 19:5, 9. Mal. 3:5.
21 See on Ex. 20:17. 1 Ki. 21:1–4. Mi. 2:2. Hab. 2:9. Lu. 12:15. Ro. 7:7, 8; 13:9. 1 Ti. 6:9, 10. He. 13:5.
22 These words. See on ver. 4; ch. 4:12–15, 36. Ex. 19:18, 19. he wrote. See on ch. 4:13. Ex. 24:12; 31:18.
23 Ex. 20:18, 19. He. 12:18–21.
24 we have heard. ver. 4, 5. Ex. 19:19. he liveth. ch. 4:33. Ge. 32:30. Ex. 33:20. Ju. 13:22.
25 this great. ch. 18:16; 33:2. 2 Co. 3:7–9. Ga. 3:10, 21, 22. He. 12:29. hear. Heb. add to hear.
26 who is. It seems to have been a general opinion, that if God appeared to men, it was for the purpose of destroying them. And indeed most of the extraordinary manifestations of God were in the way of judgment; but here it was widely different. God did appear in a sovereign and extraordinary manner; but it was for the instruction, direction, deliverance, and support of his people. 1. They heard this voice speaking with them in a distinct, articulate manner. 2. They saw the fire, the symbol of his presence, the appearances of which demonstrated it to be supernatural. 3. Notwithstanding God appeared so terrible, yet no person was destroyed; for he came not to destroy but to save. See on ch. 4:33. all flesh. Ge. 6:12. Is. 40:6. Ro. 3:20. living. Jos. 3:10. Ps. 42:2; 84:2. Je. 10:10. Da. 6:26. Mat. 26:63. Ac. 14:15. 2 Co. 6:16. 1 Th. 1:9.
27 Ex. 20:19. He. 12:19.
28 they have well said all. ch. 18:17. Nu. 27:7; 36:5.
29 The language of the original is very emphatic: Mee yittain wehayah levavom zeh lahem, literally, ‘Who will give that there may be such a heart in them?’ They refuse to receive such a heart from me, who then can supply it? O that there. ch. 32:29, 30. Ps. 81:13–15. Is. 48:18. Je. 44:4. Eze. 33:31, 32. Mat. 23:37. Lu. 19:42. 2 Co. 5:20; 6:1. He. 12:25. keep all. ch. 11:1. Ps. 106:3; 119:1–5. Lu. 11:28. Jno. 15:14. Re. 22:14. that it might. ver. 16; ch. 4:40; 6:3, 18; 12:25, 28; 19:13; 22:7. Ru. 3:1. Ps. 19:11. Is. 3:10. Je. 22:14, 15. Ep. 6:3. Ja. 1:25.
31 See on ver. 1; ch. 4:1, 5, 45; 6:1; 11:1; 12:1. Eze. 20:11. Mal. 4:4. Ga. 3:19.
32 observe. ch. 6:3, 25; 8:1; 11:32; 24:8. 2 Ki. 21:8. Eze. 37:24. ye shall not. ch. 4:1, 2; 12:32; 17:20; 28:14. Jos. 1:7; 23:6. Ps. 125:5. Pr. 4:27. 2 Pe. 2:21.
33 walk. ch. 10:12. Ps. 119:6. Je. 7:23. Lu. 1:6. Ro. 2:7. well. ver. 29; ch. 4:40. Je. 7:23. 1 Ti. 4:8.


  CHAP. 6

  The end of the law is obedience, 1, 2. An exhortation thereto, 3–19. What they are to teach their children, 20–25.

1 the commandments. ch. 4:1, 5, 14, 45; 5:31; 12:1. Le. 27:34. Nu. 36:13. Eze. 37:24. go to possess it. Heb. pass over.
2 fear. See on ch. 4:10; 10:12, 13, 20; 13:4. Ge. 22:12. Ex. 20:20. Job 28:28. Ps. 111:10; 128:1. Pr. 16:6. Ec. 12:13. Lu. 12:5. 1 Pe. 1:17. and thy son. ver. 7. Ge. 18:19. Ps. 78:4–8. thy days. ch. 4:40; 5:16, 33; 22:7. Pr. 3:1, 2, 16. 1 Pe. 3:10, 11.
3 and observe. ch. 4:6; 5:32. Ec. 8:12. Is. 3:10. that ye may. Ge. 12:2; 13:16; 15:5; 22:17; 26:4; 28:14. Ex. 1:7. Ac. 7:17. in the land. Ex. 3:8.
4 Shema Yisraĕl, Yehowah, Elohainoo, Yehowah aichod, ‘Hear, Israel, Jehovah, our God, is one Jehovah.’ On this passage the Jews lay great stress; and it is one of the four passages which they write on their phylacteries. On the word Elohim, SIMEON BEN JOACHI says:—‘Come and see the mystery of the word Elohim: there are three degrees, and each degree is by itself alone, and yet they are all one, and joined together in one, and are not divided from each other.’ the Lord. ch. 4:35, 36; 5:6. 1 Ki. 18:21. 2 Ki. 19:15. 1 Ch. 29:10. Is. 42:8; 44:6, 8; 45:5, 6. Je. 10:10, 11. Mar. 12:29–32. Jno. 17:3. 1 Co. 8:4–6. 1 Ti. 2:5.
5 thou shalt. ch. 10:12; 11:13; 30:6. Mat. 22:37. Mar. 12:30, 33. Lu. 10:27. 1 Jno. 5:3. God with all. ch. 4:29. 2 Ki. 23:25. Mat. 10:37. Jno. 14:20, 21. 2 Co. 5:14, 15.
6 shall be. ch. 11:18; 32:46. Ps. 37:31; 40:8; 119:11, 98. Pr. 2:10, 11; 3:1–3, 5; 7:3. Is. 51:7. Je. 31:33. Lu. 2:51; 8:15. 2 Co. 3:3. Col. 3:16. 2 Jno. 2.
7 And thou shalt. ver. 2; ch. 4:9, 10; 11:19. Ge. 18:19. Ex. 12:26, 27; 13:14, 15. Ps. 78:4–6. Ep. 6:4. teach. Heb. whet, or sharpen. shalt talk. Ru. 2:4, 12; 4:11. Ps. 37:30; 40:9, 10; 119:46; 129:8. Pr. 6:22; 10:21; 15:2, 7. Mal. 3:16. Mat. 12:35. Lu. 6:45. Ep. 4:29. Col. 4:6. 1 Pe. 3:15.
8 ch. 11:18. Ex. 13:9, 16. Nu. 15:38, 39. Pr. 3:3; 6:21; 7:3. Mat. 23:5. He. 2:1.
9 ch. 11:20. Ex. 12:7. Job 19:23–25. Is. 30:8; 57:8. Hab. 2:2.
10 land. Ge. 13:15–17; 15:18; 26:3; 28:13. great. Jos. 24:13. Ne. 9:25. Ps. 78:55; 105:44.
11 when thou. ch. 7:12–18; 8:10, etc.; 32:15. Ju. 3:7. Pr. 30:8, 9. Je. 2:31, 32. Eze. 16:10–20. Mat. 19:23, 24.
12 bondage. Heb. bondmen, or servants.
13 fear. See on ver. 2; ch. 5:29; 10:12, 20; 13:4. Mat. 4:10. Lu. 4:8. and serve him. Our Saviour quotes these words thus: ‘And him only (αυτω μονω) shalt thou serve;’ from which it would appear, that the word levaddo was anciently in the Hebrew text, as it was in the Septuagint, Coptic, Vulgate (illi soli), and Anglo-Saxon. Dr. KENNICOTT argues that without the word only, the text would not have been conclusive for the purpose for which our Lord advanced it. It is proper, however, to observe, that the word levaddo is not found in any MS. yet collated, though retained in the above versions. shalt swear. Le. 19:12. Jos. 2:12. Ps. 15:4; 63:11. Is. 45:23; 65:16. Je. 4:2; 5:2, 7; 12:16.
14 not go. ch. 8:19; 11:28. Ex. 34:14–16. Je. 25:6. 1 Jno. 5:21. of the gods. ch. 13:7.
15 is a jealous. See on ch. 4:24. Ex. 20:5. Am. 3:2. 1 Co. 10:22. lest. ch. 7:4; 11:17. Nu. 32:10–15. 2 Ch. 36:16. Ps. 90:7, 11. destroy. Ge. 7:4. Ex. 32:12. 1 Ki. 13:34. Am. 9:8.
16 tempt. Mat. 4:7. Lu. 4:12. tempted him. Ex. 17:2, 7. Nu. 20:3, 4, 13; 21:4, 5. Ps. 95:8, 9. 1 Co. 10:9. He. 3:8, 9.
17 ver. 1, 2; ch. 11:13, 22. Ex. 15:26. Ps. 119:4. 1 Co. 15:58. Tit. 3:8. He. 6:11. 2 Pe. 1:5–10; 3:14.
18 shalt do. ch. 8:11; 12:25, 28; 13:18. Ex. 15:26. Ps. 19:11. Is. 3:10. Eze. 18:5, 19, 21, 27; 33:14, 16, 19. Ho. 14:9. Jno. 8:29. Ro. 12:2. that it may. See on ch. 4:40; 5:29, 33.
19 Ex. 23:28–30. Nu. 33:52, 53. Ju. 2:1–3; 3:1–4.
20 when thy son. See on ver. 7. Ex. 12:26; 13:14. Jos. 4:6, 7, 21–24. Pr. 22:6. in time to come. Heb. to-morrow.
21 We were. ch. 5:6, 15; 15:15; 26:5–9. See on Ex. 20:2. Ne. 9:9, 10. Ps. 136:10–12. Is. 51:1. Je. 32:20, 21. Ro. 6:17, 18. Ep. 2:11, 12. with a mighty. Ex. 3:19; 13:3.
22 shewed. See on ch. 4:34. Ex. ch. 7–12; 14. Ps. 135:9. sore. Heb. evil. before. ch. 1:30; 3:21; 4:3; 7:19. Ps. 58:10, 11; 91:8.
23 to give us. ver. 10, 18; ch. 1:8, 35. See on Ex. 13:5.
24 to fear. ver. 2. for our good. ch. 10:13. Job 35:7, 8. Pr. 9:12. Is. 3:10. Je. 32:39. Mat. 6:33. Ro. 6:21, 22. he might. ch. 4:1, 4; 8:1, 3. Ps. 41:2; 66:9. Pr. 22:4. Ro. 10:5.
25 ch. 24:13. Le. 18:5. Ps. 106:30, 31; 119:6. Pr. 12:28. Eze. 20:11. Lu. 10:28, 29. Ro. 10:3, 5, 6. Ga. 3:12. Ja. 2:10.


  CHAP. 7

  All communion with the nations is forbidden, 1–4; for fear of idolatry, 5; for the holiness of the people, 6–8; for the nature of God in his mercy and justice, 9–16; for the assuredness of victory which God will give over them, 17–26.

1 the Lord. See on ch. 4:38; 6:1, 10, 19, 23; 9:1, 4; 11:29; 31:3, 20. Ex. 6:8; 15:7. Nu. 14:31. Ps. 44:2, 3; 78:55. the Hittites. With respect to the situation of these nations in the land of Canaan, CALMET remarks, that the Canaanites chiefly inhabited Phœnicia; the Hittites, the mountains south of the promised land; the Hivites, mount Ebal, and Gerizim, and towards Hermon; the Girgashites, beyond Jordan, towards the lake of Gennesareth; the Jebusites, about Jerusalem; the Amorites, the mountains west of the Dead Sea, and part of the land of Moab; and that the Perizzites were probably not a distinct nation, but villagers scattered through the country. Ge. 15:18–21. Ex. 23:23, 28; 33:2. greater. See on ch. 4:38; 4:1–3; 20:1.
2 deliver. ver. 23, 24; ch. 3:3; 23:14. Ge. 14:20. Jos. 10:24, 25, 30, 32, 42; 21:44. Ju. 1:4. utterly. ch. 20:16, 17. Le. 27:28, 29. Nu. 33:52. Jos. 6:17–25; 8:24; 9:24; 10:28, 40; 11:11, 12. make no. ch. 20:10, 11. Ex. 23:32, 33; 34:12–16. Jos. 2:14; 9:18–21. Ju. 1:24; 2:2. 2 Sa. 21:2.
3 Ge. 6:2, 3. Ex. 34:15, 16. Jos. 23:12, 13. Ju. 3:6, 7. 1 Ki. 11:2. Ezr. 9:1, 2. Ne. 13:23–27. 2 Co. 6:14–17.
4 so will. ch. 6:15; 32:16, 17. Ex. 20:5. Ju. 2:11, 20; 3:7, 8; 10:6, 7.
5 destroy. ch. 12:2, 3. Ex. 23:24; 34:13. 2 Ki. 23:6–14. images. Heb. statues, or pillars. ch. 16:22. Le. 26:1. and cut. Ju. 6:25, 26. burn. ver. 25; ch. 9:21. Ex. 32:20.
6 an holy. ch. 14:2; 26:19; 28:9. Ex. 19:5, 6. Ps. 50:5. Je. 2:3. Am. 3:2. 1 Co. 6:19, 20. Tit. 2:14. 2 Pe. 2:5, 9. to be a special. Mal. 3:17. Tit. 2:14.
7 The Lord. Ps. 115:1. Ro. 9:11–15, 18, 21; 11:6. 1 Jno. 3:1; 4:10. ye were. ch. 10:22. Is. 51:2. Mat. 7:14. Lu. 12:32. Ro. 9:27–29.
8 because. ch. 4:37; 9:4, 5; 10:15. 1 Sa. 12:22. 2 Sa. 22:20. Ps. 44:3. Is. 43:4. Je. 31:3. Zep. 3:17. Mat. 11:26. Ep. 2:4, 5. 2 Th. 2:13, 14. Tit. 3:3–7. 1 Jno. 4:19. oath. Ge. 22:16–18. Ex. 32:13. Ps. 105:8–10, 42. Lu. 1:55, 72, 73. He. 6:13–17. Lord brought. See on ch. 4:20, 34. Ex. 12:41, 42; 13:3, 14; 20:2.
9 the faithful. Ex. 34:6, 7. Ps. 119:75; 146:6. Is. 49:7. La. 3:23. 1 Co. 1:9; 10:3. 2 Co. 1:18. 1 Th. 5:24. 2 Th. 3:3. 2 Ti. 2:13. Tit. 1:2. He. 6:18; 10:23; 11:11. 1 Jno. 1:9. which keepeth. ch. 5:10. Ge. 17:7. Ex. 20:6. Ne. 1:5. Da. 9:4. Ro. 8:28. 1 Co. 8:3. Ja. 1:12. a thousand. 1 Ch. 16:15.
10 repayeth. ver. 9; ch. 32:35, 41. Ps. 21:8, 9. Pr. 11:31. Is. 59:18. Na. 1:2. Ro. 12:19. slack. ch. 32:35. 2 Pe. 3:9, 10. hateth. Ex. 20:5. Jno. 15:23, 24.
11 See on ch. 4:1; 5:32. Jno. 14:15.
12 if. Heb. because. ch. 28:1. Le. 26:3. Lord. See on ver. 9. Ps. 105:8–10. Mi. 7:20. Lu. 1:55, 72, 73.
13 he will love. See on ver. 7; ch. 28:4. Ex. 23:25. Ps. 1:3; 11:7; 144:12–15. Jno. 14:21; 15:10; 16:27. he will also. ch. 28:3–5, 11, 15–18. Job 42:12. Pr. 10:22. Mal. 3:10, 11. Mat. 6:33.
14 blessed. ch. 33:29. Ps. 115:15; 147:19, 20. male or. ch. 28:4, 11. Ex. 23:26, etc. Le. 26:9. Ps. 127:3.
15 will put none. The Israelites, if obedient, would have been subject to no maladies but those common to fallen man, and generally very healthy and long lived; being exempted from pestilential diseases, which have often most tremendously scourged guilty nations; and from such maladies in particular, as they had witnessed in Egypt, by which God afflicted their cruel oppressors, (Ex. 15:26.) This must be referred to the national covenant; for though godliness often secures the most solid temporal advantages, yet temporal blessings were not, even among them, uniformly dispensed to individuals according to their obedience; but they were to the nation, with an exactness which is not observed towards any other people. Le. 26:3, 4. will put none. ch. 28:27, 60. Ex. 9:11; 15:26. Ps. 105:36, 37.
16 consume. See on ver. 2. thine eye. ch. 13:8; 19:13, 21; 25:12. Je. 21:7. for that will. ch. 12:30, 31. Ex. 23:33; 34:12–16. Nu. 33:55. Jos. 23:13–16. Ju. 2:3, 12; 3:6; 8:27. Ps. 106:36. 1 Co. 15:33.
17 thou shalt. ch. 8:17; 15:9; 18:21. Is. 14:13. 47:8; 49:21. Je. 13:22. Lu. 9:47. These nations. Nu. 13:32; 33:53. Jos. 17:16–18.
18 shalt not. See on ch. 1:29; 3:6; 31:6. Ps. 27:1, 2; 46:1, 2. Is. 41:10–14. remember. Ex. ch. 7–14. Ju. 6:13. Ps. 77:11; 78:11, 42–51; 105:5, 26–36; 135:8–10; 136:10–15. Is. 51:9, 10; 63:11–15.
19 great. See on ch. 4:34; 11:2–4; 29:3. Ne. 9:10, 11. Je. 32:20, 21. Eze. 20:6–9. so shall. Jos. 3:10.
20 the hornet. Ex. 23:28–30. Jos. 24:12.
21 the Lord. Nu. 9:20; 14:9, 14, 42; 16:3; 23:21. Jos. 3:10. 2 Ch. 32:8. Ps. 46:5, 7, 11. Is. 8:9, 10. Zec. 2:10, 11. 1 Co. 14:25. a mighty God. ch. 10:17; 25:8. 1 Sa. 4:8. Ne. 1:5; 4:14; 9:32. Zec. 12:2–5.
22 put out. Heb. pluck off. thou mayest. As the Israelites were not yet sufficiently numerous to fill the whole land occupied by these nations; and as wild and ferocious animals might be expected to multiply where the place was but thinly peopled, therefore God informs them that their extermination from before them should be gradual. HAYNES says, ‘The approaching to Cana, at the close of the day, as we did, is at once terrifying and dangerous. The surrounding country swarms with wild beasts, such as tigers, leopards, jackals, etc., whose cries and howling, I doubt not, would strike the boldest traveller, who had not been frequently in a like situation, with the deepest sense of horror.’ Ex. 23:29, 30. Jos. 15:63.
23 the Lord. See on ver. 2. unto thee. Heb. before thy face. ch. 9:3. shall destroy. ch. 2:15; 8:20. Is. 13:6. Je. 17:18. Joel 1:15. 2 Th. 1:9.
24 he shall. Jos. 10:24, 25, 42; 12:1, etc. their name. ch. 9:14; 25:19; 29:20. Ex. 17:14. Ps. 9:5. Pr. 10:7. Je. 10:11. Zep. 1:4. there shall. ch. 11:25. Jos. 1:5; 10:8; 23:9. Is. 54:17. Ro. 8:37. 1 Co. 15:57.
25 graven. See on ver. 5; ch. 12:3. Ex. 32:20. 1 Ch. 14:12. Is. 30:22. thou shalt. Jos. 7:1, 21. snared. Ju. 8:24–27. Zep. 1:3. 1 Ti. 6:9, 10. an abomination. ch. 17:1; 23:18. Re. 17:5.
26 shalt. ch. 13:17. Le. 27:28, 29. Jos. 6:17–24; 7:1, etc. 11–26. Eze. 14:7. Hab. 2:9–11. Zec. 5:4. but thou shalt. Is. 2:20; 30:22. Eze. 11:18. Ho. 14:8. Ro. 2:22.


  CHAP. 8

  An exhortation to obedience in regard of God’s mercy and goodness in his dealings with Israel.

1 See on ch. 4:1; 5:32, 33; 6:1–3. Ps. 119:4–6. 1 Th. 4:1, 2.
2 remember. See on ch. 7:18. Ps. 77:11; 106:7. Ep. 2:11, 12. 2 Pe. 1:12, 13; 3:1, 2. led thee. ch. 1:3, 33; 2:7; 29:5. Ps. 136:16. Am. 2:10. to humble. 2 Ch. 32:25, 26; 33:12, 19, 23. Job. 33:17; 42:5, 6. Is. 2:17. Lu. 18:14. Ja. 4:6, 10. 1 Pe. 5:5, 6. prove thee. ver. 16; ch. 13:3. Ge. 22:1. Ex. 15:25; 16:4. 2 Ch. 32:31. Ps. 81:7. Pr. 17:3. Mal. 3:2, 3. Ja. 1:3. 1 Pe. 1:7. to know. Je. 17:9, 10. Jno. 2:25. Re. 2:23.
3 fed thee. Ex. 16:2, 3, 12–35. Ps. 78:23–25; 105:40. 1 Co. 10:3. doth. Ps. 37:3; 104:27–29. Mat. 4:4. Lu. 4:4; 12:29, 30. He. 13:5, 6.
4 Many have attempted to give the following meaning to this text:—‘God so amply provided for them all the necessaries of life, that they never were obliged to wear tattered garments, nor were their feet injured for lack of shoes or sandals.’ Now, though the Israelites doubtless brought out of Egypt more raiment than what they had upon them; and they might manufacture the fleeces of their flocks in the wilderness; and also might be favoured by Providence with other supplies from the neighbouring nations or travelling hordes of Arabs; yet, when we consider their immense numbers, their situation and long continuance in the wilderness, and the very strong expressions made use of in the text, why should we question the extraordinary and miraculous interposition of God in this respect, as well as in others, not less stupendous in their nature, or constant in their supply? ch. 29:5. Ne. 9:21. Mat. 26:25–30.
5 consider. ch. 4:9, 23. Is. 1:3. Eze. 12:3; 18:28. as a man. 2 Sa. 7:14. Job 5:17, 18. Ps. 89:32; 94:12. Pr. 3:12. 1 Co. 11:32. He. 12:5–11. Re. 3:19.
6 walk. ch. 5:33. Ex. 18:20. 1 Sa. 12:24. 2 Ch. 6:31. Ps. 128:1. Lu. 1:6.
7 ch. 6:10, 11; 11:10–12. Ex. 3:8. Ne. 9:24, 25. Ps. 65:9–13. Eze. 20:6.
8 wheat. ch. 32:14. 2 Sa. 4:6. 1 Ki. 5:11. Ps. 81:16; 147:14. Eze. 27:17. barley. 2 Ch. 2:10–15. Jno. 6:9, 13. vines. Is. 7:23. Je. 5:17. Ho. 2:8, 22. Mi. 4:4. Ha. 3:17. oil olive. Heb. olive tree of oil.
9 whose stones. ch. 33:25. Jos. 22:8. 1 Ch. 22:14. Job 28:2.
10 thou hast. ch. 6:11, 12. Ps. 103:2. Mat. 14:19. Jno. 6:23. Ro. 14:6. 1 Co. 10:31. 1 Th. 5:18. 1 Ti. 4:4, 5. then thou. 1 Ch. 29:14. Ps. 103:2. Pr. 3:9.
11 Ps. 106:21. Pr. 1:32; 30:9. Eze. 16:10–15. Ho. 2:8, 9.
12 Lest when. ch. 28:47; 31:20; 32:15. Pr. 30:9. Ho. 13:5, 6. and hast built. Ec. 2:4. Je. 22:14, 15. Eze. 11:3. Am. 5:11. Hag. 1:4. Lu. 17:28.
13 Ge. 13:1–5. Job 1:3. Ps. 39:6. Lu. 12:13–21.
14 thine heart. ch. 17:20. 2 Ch. 26:16; 32:25. Je. 2:31. 1 Co. 4:7, 8. thou forget. See on ver. 11. Ps. 106:21. Je. 2:6.
15 led thee. ch. 1:19. Ps. 136:16. Is. 63:12–14; Je. 2:6. fiery serpents. Nu. 21:6. Ho. 13:5. who brought. Ex. 17:5. Nu. 20:11. Ps. 78:15, 16; 105:41; 114:8. Is. 35:7. 1 Co. 10:4.
16 fed thee. ver. 3. Ex. 16:15. he might. See on ver. 2. to do thee. La. 3:26–33. Je. 24:5, 6. Ro. 8:28. 2 Co. 4:17. He. 12:10, 11. Ja. 1:12. 1 Pe. 1:7.
17 thou say. See on ch. 7:17. My power. ch. 9:4. Is. 10:8–14. Da. 4:30. Ho. 12:8. Hab. 1:16. 1 Co. 4:7.
18 he that. Ps. 127:1, 2; 144:1. Pr. 10:22. Ho. 2:8. that he may. ch. 7:8, 12.
19 I testify against. ch. 4:26; 28:58–68; 29:25–28; 30:18, 19. Jos. 23:13. 1 Sa. 12:25. Da. 9:2. Am. 3:2. Zep. 1:18; 3:6. Lu. 12:47, 48; 13:3, 5.
20 so shall ye perish. 2 Ch. 36:16, 17. Da. 9:11, 12.


  CHAP. 9

  Moses dissuades them from the opinion of their own righteousness, by rehearsing their several rebellions.

1 to pass. ch. 3:18; 11:31; 27:2. Jos. 1:11; 3:6, 14, 16; 4:5, 19. this day. The Hebrew hyyom, ‘this day,’ frequently denotes, as here, this time. They had come, 38 years before this, nearly to the verge of the promised land, but were not permitted, because of their unbelief and rebellion, at that day or time, to enter; but this time they shall certainly pass over. This was spoken in the eleventh month of the fortieth year of their journeying; and it was on the first month of the following year they passed over: and during this interval Moses died. nations. See on ch. 4:38; 7:1; 11:23. cities. ch. 1:28. Nu. 13:22, 28–33.
2 great. See on ch. 2:11, 12, 21. Who can stand. ch. 7:24. Ex. 9:11. Job 11:10. Da. 8:4; 11:16. Na. 1:6.
3 Understand. ver. 6. Mat. 15:10. Mar. 7:14. Ep. 5:17. goeth over. ch. 1:30; 20:4; 31:3–6. Jos. 3:11, 14. Mi. 2:13. Re. 19:11–16. a consuming fire. ch. 4:24. Is. 27:4; 30:27, 30, 33; 33:14. Na. 1:5, 6. 2 Th. 1:8. He. 12:29. he shall. ch. 7:1, 2, 16, 23, 24. Ex. 23:29–31. Is. 41:10–16. Ro. 8:31.
4 Speak not. ver. 5; ch. 7:7, 8; 8:17. Eze. 36:22, 32. Ro. 11:6, 20. 1 Co. 4:4, 7. Ep. 2:4, 5. 2 Ti. 1:9. Tit. 3:3–5. for the wickedness. ch. 12:31; 18:12. Ge. 15:16. Le. 18:24, 25.
5 Not for. Though the Canaanites were expelled for their wickedness, it does not follow, that the Israelites were established in their room on account of any distinguished virtue, or because they deserved it. On many occasions, it may be seen in the history of the world, that God punishes the wicked by the instrumentality of other men, who are as wicked as themselves. Not the Israelites’ righteousness, but the wickedness of the inhabitants, and the promise of God to their fathers, was the cause of their obtaining Canaan. Tit. 3:5. that he may. Ge. 12:7; 13:15; 15:7; 17:8; 26:4; 28:13. Ex. 32:13. Eze. 20:14; Mi. 7:20. Lu. 1:54, 55. Ac. 3:25; 13:32, 33. Ro. 11:28; 15:8.
6 Understand. See on ver. 3, 4. Eze. 20:44. giveth thee. Moses repeats this a third time, that, if it were possible, he might root out of the Israelites the opinion of their own deserts, before God rooted out the Canaanites from their country. a stiff-necked. ver. 13; ch. 10:16; 31:27. Ex. 32:9; 33:3; 34:9. 2 Ch. 30:8; 36:13. Ps. 78:8. Is. 48:3, 4. Eze. 2:4. Zec. 7:11, 12. Ac. 7:51. Ro. 5:20, 21.
7 Remember. In order to destroy the opinion which the Israelites had of their own righteousness, it was necessary to call to mind some of their most notorious provocations and rebellions, which Moses exhorts them to preserve in their mind, as a mean to keep them humble. ch. 8:2. Eze. 16:61–63; 20:43; 36:31, 32. 1 Co. 15:9. Ep. 2:11. 1 Ti. 1:13–15. from the day. ch. 31:27; 32:5, 6. Ex. 14:11; 16:2; 17:2. Nu. 11:4; 14:1, etc.; 16:1, etc.; 20:2–5; 21:5; 25:2. Ne. 9:16–18. Ps. 78:8, etc.; 95:8–11.
8 Also in Horeb. Or rather, ‘Even at Horeb,’ for there is a peculiar emphasis here, even there where they had lately received the law, attended with the most astonishing appearances and circumstances. Ex. 32:1–6. Ps. 106:19–22.
9 I was. Ex. 24:12, 15, 18. the tables. ver. 15. Ex. 31:18; 34:28. Je. 31:31, 32. Ga. 4:24. then I. Ex. 24:18; 34:28. 1 Ki. 19:8. Mat. 4:2. I neither. ver. 18. 1 Ki. 13:8, 9. 2 Ki. 6:22.
10 the Lord. Ex. 31:18. written with. ch. 10:4. Mat. 12:28. Lu. 11:20. 2 Co. 3:3. He. 8:10. all the words. ch. 4:10–15; 5:6–21; 18:16. Ex. 19:17–19; 20:1–18.
11 the tables of the covenant. See on ver. 9. Nu. 10:33. He. 8:6–10; 9:4.
12 Arise. See on Ex. 32:7, 8. corrupted. ch. 4:16; 31:29; 32:5. Ge. 6:11, 12. Jude 10. are quickly. ver. 16. Ju. 2:17. Ps. 78:57. Ho. 6:4 Ga. 1:6.
13 I have. Ge. 11:5; 18:21. Ex. 32:9, 10. Ps. 50:7. Je. 7:11; 13:27. Ho. 6:10. Mal. 3:5. stiff-necked. See on ver. 6; ch. 10:16; 31:27. 2 Ki. 17:14.
14 Let me. Ex. 32:10–13. Is. 62:6, 7. Je. 14:11; 15:1. Lu. 11:7–10; 18:1–8. Ac. 7:51. blot. ch. 29:20. Ex. 32:32, 33. Ps. 9:5; 109:13. Pr. 10:7. Re. 3:5. and I will. Nu. 14:11, 12.
15 I turned. Ex. 32:14, 15, etc. the mount. ch. 4:11; 5:23. Ex. 9:23; 19:18. He. 12:18.
16 I looked. Ex. 32:19. Ac. 7:40, 41.
17 cast them. Moses might have done this through distress and anguish of spirit, on beholding their abominable idolatry and dissolute conduct; or probably he did it emblematically, and perhaps by the direction of God; intimating thereby, that as by this act of his the tables were broken in pieces, on which the Law of God was written, so they, by their present conduct, had made a breach in the covenant, and broken the laws of their Maker and Sovereign.
18 I fell down. The transgressions of the people rendered this second forty days’ fasting necessary to Moses. Their pardon was indeed in some sense obtained before he ascended the mount; yet probably much of the time which he spent there was employed in supplication: and when he descended the second time, with the tables of the law in his hands, the pardon was, as it were, ratified and sealed. See on ver. 9. Ex. 32:10–14; 34:28. 2 Sa. 12:16. Ps. 106:23.
19 For I. ver. 8. Ex. 32:10, 11. Ne. 1:2–7. Lu. 12:4, 5. But the. ch. 10:10. Ex. 32:14; 33:17. Ps. 99:6; 106:23. Am. 7:2, 3, 5, 6. Ja. 5:16, 17.
20 Ex. 32:2–5, 21, 35. He. 7:26–28.
21 I took. See on Ex. 32:20. Is. 2:18–21; 30:22; 31:7. Ho. 8:11. the brook. This was the stream which flowed from the rock that Moses smote with his rod, (Ex. 17:6,) and to which the Psalmist alludes in Ps. 78:16–20; 105:41. PHILO relates, that upon Moses’ striking the rock, the water poured out like a torrent, affording not only a sufficient quantity for allaying their present thirst, but to fill their water vessels, to carry with them on their journey.
22 Taberah. Nu. 11:1–5. Massah. Ex. 17:7. Kibroth-hattaavah. Nu. 11:4, 34.
23 Likewise. ch. 1:19, etc. Nu. ch. 13. ye rebelled. See on Nu. 14:1–4, 10–41. Is. 63:10. ye believed. ch. 1:32, 33. Ps. 78:22; 106:24, 25. He. 3:18, 19; 4:2.
24 ver. 6, 7; ch. 31:27. Ac. 7:51.
25 See on ver. 16, 18.
26 prayed. Ex. 32:11–13; 34:9. Nu. 14:13–19. Ps. 99:6; 106:23. Je. 14:21. thine inheritance. 1 Ki. 8:51. which thou hast redeemed. ver. 29. ch. 32:9. Ps. 74:1, 2. Is. 63:19. which thou hast brought forth. ch. 7:8; 13:5; 15:15; 21:8; 26:7, 8. Ex. 15:13. 2 Sa. 7:23. Ne. 1:10. Ps. 77:15; 107:2. Is. 44, 23. Mi. 6:4. Tit. 2:14. He. 9:12. Re. 5:9.
27 Remember. Ex. 3:6, 16; 6:3–8; 13:5; 32:13. Je. 14:21. look not. Ex. 32:31, 32. 1 Sa. 25:25. Ps. 78:8. Pr. 21:12. Is. 43:24, 25. Je. 50:20. Mi. 7:18, 19.
28 the land. Ge. 41:57. Ex. 6:6–8. 1 Sa. 14:25. Because. ch. 32:26, 27. Ex. 32:12. Nu. 14:15, 16. Jos. 7:7–9. Ps. 115:1, 2. Is. 43:25; 48:9–11. Je. 14:7–9. Eze. 20:8, 9, 14. Da. 9:18, 19.
29 Yet they. ver. 26; ch. 4:20. 1 Ki. 8:15. Ne. 1:10. Ps. 95:7; 100:3. Is. 63:19. which thou. See on ver. 26; ch. 4:34.


  CHAP. 10

  God’s mercy in restoring the two tables, 1–5; in continuing the priesthood, 6, 7; in separating the tribe of Levi, 8, 9; in hearkening unto Moses’ suit for his people, 10, 11. An exhortation to obedience, 12–22.

1 Hew. ver. 4. Ex. 34:1, 2, 4. make thee. ver. 3. Ex. 25:10–15. He. 9:4.
2 thou shalt. ver. 5. Ex. 25:16–22; 40:20. 1 Ki. 8:9. He. 9:4.
3 I made. Ex. 25:5, 10; 37:1–9. hewed. ver. 1. Ex. 34:4.
4 he wrote. See on ch. 9, 10. Ex. 34:28. the ten. ch. 4:13. commandments. Heb. words. which. ch. 5:4–21. Ex. 20:1–17. out of the. ch. 4:11–15; 5:22–26. Ex. 19:18. He. 12:18, 19. in the day. ch. 9:10; 18:16. Ex. 19:17.
5 I turned. ch. 9:15. Ex. 32:15; 34:29. put the. See on ver. 2. Ex. 25:16; 40:20. there they. Jos. 4:9. 1 Ki. 8:8, 9.
6 took. Nu. 10:6, 12, 13; 33:1, 2. Mosera. Nu. 33:30–33, Moseroth, Hor-ha-gid-gad, Jotbathah. there Aaron. Nu. 20:23–28; 33:38.
8 time the Lord. Ex. 29:1, etc. Le. 8:9. Nu. 1:47–53; ch. 3; 4; 8; 16:9, 10; ch. 18. Jno. 15:16. Ac. 13:2. Ro. 1:1. 2 Co. 6:17. Ga. 1:15. bear. Nu. 3:31; 4:15. 1 Ki. 8:3, 4, 6. 1 Ch. 15:12–15, 26; 23:26. 2 Ch. 5:4, 5. to stand. ch. 18:5. 2 Ch. 29:11. Ps. 134:2; 135:2. Je. 15:19. Eze. 44:11, 15. Ro. 12:7. to bless. ch. 21:5. Le. 9:22. Nu. 6:23–26. 2 Ch. 30:27.
9 ch. 18:1, 2. Nu. 18:20–24; 26:62. Jos. 14:3. Eze. 44:28.
10 I stayed. ch. 9:18, 25. Ex. 24:18; 34:28. first time. or, former days. the Lord hearkened. ch. 3:23–27; 9:19. Ex. 32:14, 33, 34; 33:17. Mat. 27:42.
11 Arise. Ex. 32:34; 33:1. take thy. Heb. go in.
12 what doth. Je. 7:22, 23. Mi. 6:8. Mat. 11:29, 30. 1 Jno. 5:3. fear. ch. 6:13. Ps. 34:9; 128:1. Je. 32:39, 40. Ac. 9:31. 1 Pe. 1:17. to walk. See on ch. 5:33. Jos. 22:5. Ps. 81:13. Eze. 11:20. Tit. 2:11, 12. 1 Pe. 1:15, 16. to love. See on ch. 6:5; 11:13; 30:16, 20. Ps. 18:1; 145:20. Mat. 22:37. Mar. 12:29–33. Lu. 10:27; 11:42. Ro. 8:28. 1 Jno. 2:15; 4:19, 20; 5:2, 5. to serve. Job 36:11. Zep. 3:9. Ro. 1:9. He. 12:28. God with all. See on ch. 4:29.
13 for thy. ch. 6:24. Pr. 9:12. Je. 32:39. Ja. 1:25.
14 the heaven. 1 Ki. 8:27. 2 Ch. 6:18. Ne. 9:6. Ps. 115:16; 118:4. Is. 66:1. the earth. Ge. 14:19. Ex. 9:29; 19:5. Ps. 24:1; 50:12. Je. 27:5, 6. 1 Co. 10:26, 28.
15 See on ch. 4:37; 7:7, 8. Nu. 14:8. Ro. 9:13–23.
16 Circumcise. ch. 30:6. Le. 26:41. Je. 4:4, 14. Ro. 2:28, 29. Col. 2:11. stiff-necked. See on ch. 9:6, 13; 31:27. Ja. 4:6, 7.
17 God of gods. Jos. 22:22. 1 Ch. 16:25, 26. Ps. 136:2. Da. 2:47; 11:36. Lord of lords. Ps. 136:3. Re. 17:14; 19:16. a great. ch. 7:21. Ne. 1:5; 4:14; 9:32. Job 37:22, 23. Ps. 99:3. Je. 20:11. regardeth. 2 Ch. 19:7. Job 34:19. Mar. 12:14. Ac. 10:34. Ro. 2:11. Ga. 2:6. Ep. 6:9. Col. 3:25. 1 Pe. 1:17.
18 doth. Ps. 68:5; 103:6; 146:9. Is. 1:17. Je. 49:11. Ho. 14:3. loveth. Ps. 145:9. Mat. 5:45. Ac. 14:17.
19 Ex. 22:21. Le. 19:33, 34. Lu. 6:35; 10:28–37; 17:18. Ga. 6:10. Ja. 2:15, 16. 1 Jno. 3:17, 18.
20 fear. ch. 6:13; 13:4. Mat. 4:10. Lu. 4:8. cleave. ch. 4:4; 11:22; 13:4. Jos. 23:8. Ac. 11:23. Ro. 12:9. swear. See on ch. 6:13. Ps. 63:11. Is. 45:23.
21 thy praise. Ex. 15:2. Ps. 22:3. Is. 12:2–6; 60:19. Je. 17:14. Lu. 2:32. Re. 21:23. that hath. ch. 4:32–35. 1 Sa. 12:24. 2 Sa. 7:23. Ps. 106:21, 22. Is. 64:3. Je. 32:20, 21.
22 with threescore. And now, from so small a beginning, they are multiplied to more than 600,000 men, besides women and children; and this, indeed, in the space of 40 years; for the 603,000 which came out of Egypt were at this time all dead, except Moses, Joshua, and Caleb. How easy can God increase and multiply, as well as diminish and bring low! In all things, by his omnipotence, he can do whatsoever ho will; and he will do whatsoever is right. Ge. 46:27. Ex. 1:5. Ac. 7:14. as the stars. ch. 1:10; 28:62. Ge. 15:5. Nu. 26:51, 62. Ne. 9:23. He. 11:12.


  CHAP. 11

  An exhortatiou to obedience, 1; by their own experience of God’s great works, 2–7; by promise of God’s great blessings, 8–15; and by threatenings, 16, 17. A careful study is required in God’s words, 18–25. The blessing and curse set before them, 26–32.

1 thou shalt. This verse is the practical improvement of the conclusion of the foregoing chapter; while the next verse begins another view of the subject. See on ch. 6:5; 10:12; 30:16–20. Ps. 116:1. keep. Le. 8:35. Zec. 3:7. his statutes. See on ch. 4:1, 5, 40; 6:1. Ps. 105:45. Lu. 1:74, 75.
2 And know. Moses seems here to have addressed himself particularly to the elders, who had in their youth witnessed the wonderful works which Jehovah had wrought both for them and among them; and who were bound to remember them for their own warning, and testify them to the rising generation who had not been eye-witnesses, ch. 8:19; 29:10. Pr. 22:19. Ac. 26:22. the chastisement. See on ch. 8:2–5. his greatness. See on ch. 5:24.; 9:26. his mighty. See on ch. 7:19.
3 See on ch. 4:34; 7:19. Ps. 78:12, 13; 105:27, etc.; 135:9. Je. 32:20, 21.
4 how he made. Ex. 14:23–31; 15:4, 9, 10, 19. Ps. 106:11. He. 11:29.
5 Ps. 77:20; 78:14, etc.; 105:39–41; 106:12, etc.
6 he did unto. Nu. 16:1, 31–33; 26:9, 10; 27:3. Ps. 106:17. substance, or, living substance which followed them. in their possession. Heb. at their feet.
7 ch. 5:3; 7:19. Ps. 106:2; 145:4–6, 12; 150:2.
8 Therefore. See on ch. 8:10, 11; 10:12–15; 26:16–19; 28:47. Ps. 116:12–16. that ye may. ch. 31:23. Jos. 1:6, 7. Ps. 138:3. Is. 40:31. Da. 10:19. 2 Co. 12:9, 10. Ep. 3:16; 6:10. Phi. 4:13. Col. 1:11.
9 prolong. ch. 4:40; 5:16; 6:2. Ps. 34:12, etc. Pr. 3:2, 16; 9:11; 10:27. sware. See on ch. 6:18; 9:5. a land. See on Ex. 3:8. Eze. 20:6.
10 wateredst it with thy foot. Rain seldom falls in Egypt; the land being chiefly watered by the inundations of the Nile. In order to water the grounds where the inundations do not extend, water is collected in ponds, and directed in streamlets to the different parts of the field where irrigation is necessary. It is no unusual thing in the East to see a man, with a small mattock, making a little trench for the water to run into; and, as he opens the passage, the water following, he uses his foot to raise up the mould against the side of this little channel, to prevent the water from being shed unnecessarily, before it reaches the place of its destination. Hence he may justly be said to water the ground with his foot. Zec. 14:18.
11 See on ch. 8:7–9. Ge. 27:28. Ps. 65:12, 13; 104:10–13. Is. 28:1. Je. 2:7. He. 6:7.
12 careth for. Heb. seeketh. the eyes. 1 Ki. 9:3. Ezr. 5:5. Ps. 33:18; 34:15. Je. 24:6.
13 diligently. ver. 8, 22. See on ch. 6:17. Ps. 119:4. to love. See on ch. 4:29; 6:5, 6; 10:12.
14 ch. 28:12. Le. 26:4. Job 5:10, 11; 37:11–13. Ps. 65:9–13. Je. 14:22. Eze. 34:26. Joel 2:22, 23. Ja. 5:7.
15 And I will. 1 Ki. 18:5. Ps. 104:14. Je. 14:5. Joel 1:18; 2:22. send. Heb. give. eat and be full. ch. 6:11; 8:10. Joel 2:19. Hag. 1:6. Mal. 3:10, 11.
16 Take heed. See on ch. 4:9, 23. Lu. 21:8, 34, 36. He. 2:1; 3:12; 4:1; 12:15. your heart. ch. 13:3; 29:18. Job 31:27. Is. 44:20. Ja. 1:26. 1 Jno. 5:21. Re. 12:9; 13:14; 20:4. and serve. ch. 8:19; 30:17.
17 the Lord’s. See on ch. 6:15; 30:17, 18. shut up. ch. 28:23, 24. 1 Ki. 8:35; 17:1. 2 Ch. 6:26; 7:13. Je. 14:1–6. Am. 4:7. Hag. 1:9–11. ye perish. ch. 4:26; 8:19, 20; 30:18. Jos. 23:13–16.
18 ye lay up. See on ch. 6:6–9; 32:46. Ex. 13:9, 16. Ps. 119:11. Pr. 3:1; 6:20–23; 7:2, 3. Col. 3:16. He. 2:1. 2 Pe. 1:12; 3:1, 2. a sign. Mat. 23:5.
19 ch. 4:9, 10; 6:7. Ps. 34:11; 78:5, 6. Pr. 2:1; 4:1, etc. Is. 38:19.
20 ch. 6:9.
21 your days. See on ch. 4:40; 5:16; 6:2. Pr. 3:2, 16; 4:10; 9:11. as the days. Ps. 72:5; 89:28, 29. Is. 65:20. Re. 20:6.
22 if ye shall. See on ver. 13; ch. 6:17. to love. See on ver. 13. Mat. 22:37. 2 Ti. 4:8. 1 Jno. 5:2, 3. to cleave. See on ch. 10:20; 30:20. Ge. 2:24. Ac. 11:23. 2 Co. 11:2, 3.
23 ch. 4:38; 7:1, 2, 22, 23; 9:1, 5. Ex. 23:27–30; 34:11.
24 Ge. 15:18–21. Ex. 23:31. Nu. 34:3, etc. Jos. 1:3, 4; 14:9. 1 Ki. 4:21, 24. 2 Ch. 9:26.
25 There shall. See on ch. 2:25; 7:24. Jos. 1:5; 2:9; 5:1. as he hath. Ex. 23:27.
26 ch. 30:1, 15–20. Ga. 3:10, 13, 14.
27 ch. 28:1–14. Le. 26:3–13. Ps. 19:11. Is. 1:19; 3:10. Mat. 5:3–12; 25:31, etc. Lu. 11:28. Jno. 13:17; 14:21–23. Ro. 2:7. Ja. 1:25. Re. 22:14.
28 ch. 28:15, etc.; 29:19–28. Le. 26:14, etc. Is. 1:20; 3:11. Mat. 25:41. Ro. 2:8, 9. Ga. 3:10.
29 put the blessing. ch. 27:12–26. Jos. 8:30–35. Gerizim. Gerizim and Ebal, mountains west of Jordan, and in the tribe of Ephraim, are opposite, or parallel to each other, extending from east to west; mount Gerizim being on the south, and mount Ebal on the north. They are separated by the beautiful valley in which Shechem or Nablous is situated, which is only about 200 paces in width. Both mountains are much alike in length, height, and figure; being about a league in length, in the form of a semicircle, and so steep, on the side of Shechem, that there is scarcely any shelving: their altitude appeared to Mr. BUCKINGHAM nearly equal, not exceeding 700 or 800 feet from the level of the valley, which is itself elevated. But though they resemble each other in these particulars, yet in another they are very dissimilar; for, says MAUNDRELL, ‘though neither of the mountains has much to boast of as to its pleasantness, yet, as one passes between them, Gerizim seems to discover a somewhat more verdant, fruitful aspect than Ebal: the reason of which may be, because fronting towards the north, it is sheltered from the heat of the sun by its own shade; whereas Ebal, looking southward, and receiving the sun that comes directly upon it, must by consequence be rendered more scorched and unfruitful.’

A LIST OF THE MOST FAMOUS MOUNTAINS NAMED IN SCRIPTURE.
  Amalek, in the tribe of Ephraim. Ju. 12:15.
  Calvary, near Jerusalem. Lu. 23:33.
  Carmel, near the Mediterranean. Jos. 19:26.
  Ebal, near to Gerizim. Jos. 8:30.
  En-gedi, near the Dead Sea. Jos. 15:62.
  Gaash, in the tribe of Ephraim. Jos. 24:30.
  Gilboa, south of the valley of Israel. 2 Sa. 1:21.
  Gilead, beyond Jordan. Ge. 31:21–25.
  Gerizim, on which afterwards stood a temple of the Samaritans. Ju. 9:7.
  Hermon, beyond Jordan. Jos. 11:3.
  Hor, in Idumæa. Nu. 20:22.
  Horeb, in Arabia Petræa, near to Sinai. De. 1:2.
  Lebanon, separates Syria from Palestine. De. 3:25.
  Moriah, where the temple was built. 2 Ch. 3:1.
  Nebo, part of the mountains of Abarim. Nu. 32:3.
  Olives, east of Jerusalem, divided only by brook Kidron. 1 Ki. 11:1, 7. 2 Ki. 23:13. Ac. 1:12.
  Paran, in Arabia Petræa. Ge. 14:6. De. 1:1.
  Pisgah, beyond Jordan. Nu. 21:20. De. 34:1.
  Seir, in Idumæ. Ge. 14:6.
  Sinai, in Arabia Petræa. Ex. 19:2. De. 33:2.
  Sion, near to mount Moriah. 2 Sa. 5:7.
  Tabor, in the Lower Galilee. Ju. 4:6.
30 Gilgal. Ge. 12:6. Jos. 5:9. Ju. 7:1.
31 ch. 9:1. Jos. 1:11; 3:13–17.
32 See on ch. 5:32, 33; 12:32. Ps. 119:6. Mat. 7:21–27; 28:20. Lu. 1:6. Jno. 15:14. 1 Th. 4:1, 2.


  CHAP. 12

  Monuments of idolatry are to be destroyed, 1–3. The place of God’s service to be kept, 4–14. Blood is forbidden, 15, 16, 20–25. Holy things must be eaten in the holy place, 17, 18, 26–28. The Levite is not to be forsaken, 19. Idolatry is not to be enquired after, 29–32.

1 the statutes. See on ch. 4:1, 2, 5, 45; 6:1, 2. all the days. ver. 19; ch. 4:19. 1 Ki. 8:40. Job 7:1. Ps. 104:33; 146:2.
2 utterly. See on ch. 7:5, 25, 26. Ex. 23:24; 34:12–17. Nu. 33:51, 52. Ju. 2:2. possess. or, inherit. Nu. 22:41. 2 Ki. 16:4; 17:10, 11; 23:13. Jo. 3:6. Eze. 20:28, 29. Ho. 4:13.
3 ye shall. Nu. 33:52. Ju. 2:2. 2 Ch. 31:1. overthrow. Heb. break down. and burn. 1 Ki. 15:13. 2 Ki. 18:4; 23:14. 2 Ch. 14:3; 19:3; 34:3. Je. 17:2. Mi. 5:14. and destroy. Ex. 23:13. Ps. 16:4. Ho. 2:17. Zec. 13:2. Re. 13:1.
4 ver. 30, 31; ch. 16:21, 22; 20:18. Le. 20:23.
5 But unto. ver. 11; ch. 16:2; 26:2. Jos. 9:27; 18:1. 1 Ki. 8:16, 20, 29; 14:21. 1 Ch. 22:1. 2 Ch. 7:12. Ps. 78:68; 87:2, 3. Jno. 4:20–22. He. 12:22. Re. 14:1. habitation. Ex. 15:2; 25:22. Nu. 7:89. 1 Ki. 8:27. Ps. 132:13, 14. Is. 66:1, 2. Ac. 7:48–50. Ep. 2:20–22. Col. 2:9.
6 your burnt. Le. 17:3–9. Eze. 20:40. tithes. ver. 17; ch. 14:22–26; 15:19, 20; 26:2. Le. 27:32, 33. Nu. 18:15–17. Mal. 3:8, 10. Lu. 11:42; 18:12.
7 And there. ver. 18; ch. 14:23, 26; 15:20. Is. 23:18. ye shall. ver. 12, 18; ch. 16:11–15; 26:11; 27:7. Le. 23:40. Ps. 128:1, 2. Mal. 2:13. Ac. 2:46. Phi. 4:4.
8 every man. Nu. 15:39. Ju. 17:6; 21:25. Pr. 21:2. Am. 5:25. Ac. 7:42.
9 ch. 25:19. 1 Ki. 8:56. 1 Ch. 23:25. Mi. 2:10. He. 4:8, 9. 1 Pe. 1:3, 4.
10 But when. ch. 3:27; 4:22; 9:1; 11:31. Jos. 3:17; 4:1, 12. ye dwell. ch. 33:12, 28. Le. 25:18, 19. 1 Sa. 7:12. 1 Ki. 4:25. Ps. 4:8. Pr. 1:33. Je. 23:6; 32:37; 33:11. Eze. 28:26; 34:25, 28; 38:8.
11 a place. See on ver. 5, 14, 18, 21, 26; ch. 14:23; 15:20; 16:2, etc.; 17:8; 18:6; 23:16; 26:2; 31:11. Jos. 18:1. 1 Ki. 8:13, 29. Ps. 78:68. Je. 7:12. Jno. 4:20–23. your choice. Heb. the choice of your.
12 And ye. See on ver. 7; ch. 14:26, 27. 1 Ki. 8:66. 2 Ch. 29:36; 30:21–26. Ne. 8:10–12. Ps. 100:1, 2; 147:1. 1 Jno. 1:3, 4. the Levite. ver. 19; ch. 14:27, 29; 16:11, 14; 18:6; 26:12. forasmuch. ch. 10:9; 18:1, 2. See on Nu. 18:20, 23, 24, 26. Jos. 13:14, 33; 14:4.
13 This was directly opposed to the customs of the heathen idolaters, in offering their sacrifices on the tops of hills and mountains. ver. 6. Le. 17:2–5, 1 Ki. 12:28–32; 15:34. 2 Ch. 15:17.
14 ver. 5, 11. Ps. 5:7; 9:11. 2 Co. 5:19. He. 10:19–22; 13:15.
15 whatsoever. ch. 14:26. the unclean. ver. 21, 22; ch. 14:5; 15:22, 23. Le. 17:3–5. Of the propriety of eating clean animals there could be no question, but the blood must be poured out: yet there were cases when they might kill and eat in all their gates such as the roebuck and the hart, or all clean wild beasts; for these being taken in hunting, and frequently shot by arrows, their blood could not be poured out at the altar.
16 ver. 23, 24; ch. 15:23. Ge. 9:4. See on Le. 7:26, 27; 17:10–13. Ac. 15:29. 1 Ti. 4:4.
17 the tithe. See on ver. 6, 11; ch. 14:22–29; 26:12, 14. Le. 27:30–32. Nu. 18:21, etc.
18 thou must. See on ver. 11, 12, 19; ch. 14:23; 15:20. rejoice. See on ver. 7. Ps. 32:11; 68:3. Pr. 3:17. Is. 12:3. Ac. 2:46; 16:34. 1 Co. 10:31. Ga. 5:22. Phi. 3:1–3.
19 Take. ch. 14:27–29. 2 Ch. 11:13, 14; 31:4–21. Ne 10:34–39. 1 Co. 9:10–14. as long, etc. Heb. all thy days. See on ver. 1.
20 shall. 1 Ch. 4:10. as he hath. See on ch. 11:24; 19:8. Ge. 15:18–21; 28:14. Ex. 23:31; 34:24. I will. See on ver. 15. Ge. 31:30. Nu. 11:4, 20, 34. 2 Sa. 13:39; 23:15. Ps. 63:1; 84:2; 107:9; 119:20, 40, 174. 2 Co. 9:14. Phi. 1:8; 2:26.
21 to put. ver. 5, 11; ch. 14:23, 24; 16:6, 11; 26:2 Ex. 20:24. 1 Ki. 14:21. 2 Ch. 12:13. Ezr. 6:12.
22 See on ver. 15, 16.
23 sure. Heb. strong the blood is. Ge. 9:4. Le. 3:16, 17; 17:11, 14. Mat. 20:28. Re. 5:9.
24 ver. 16; ch. 15:23.
25 that it. ver. 28. See on ch. 4:40; 5:16. Ps. 112:2. Is. 3:10; 48:18, 19. Eze. 33:25. when. See on ch. 6:18; 13:18. Ex. 15:26. 1 Ki. 11:38. Ec. 2:26.
26 holy. ver. 6, 11, 18. Nu. 5:9, 10; 18:19. thy vows. See on Ge. 28:20. Le. 22:18, etc. 1 Sa. 1:21–24. Ps. 66:13–15.
27 thy burnt. See on Le. 1:5, 9, 13; 17:11. and the blood. Le. 4:30; 17:11.
28 Observe. ch. 24:8. See on Ex. 34:11. Le. 19:37. 2 Ch. 7:17. Ne. 1:5. Ps. 105:45. Eze. 37:24. Jno. 15:3, 10, 14. that it may. See on ver. 25.
29 cut off. ch. 9:3; 19:1. Ex. 23:23. Jos. 23:4. Ps. 78:55. succeedest. Heb. inheritest. or, possessest.
30 that thou. ch. 7:16. Ex. 23:31–33. Le. 18:3. Nu. 33:52. Ju. 2:2, 3. 2 Ki. 17:15. Ps. 106:34–38. Eze. 20:28. by following. Heb. after. How did. Je. 10:2. Eze. 20:32. Ro. 12:2. Ep. 4:17. 1 Pe. 4:3, 4.
31 Thou. ver. 4; ch. 18:9. Ex. 23:2. Le. 18:3, 26–30. 2 Ki. 17:15–17; 21:2. 2 Ch. 33:2; 36:14. abomination to the. Heb. abomination of the. even their sons. The unnatural and horrid practice of offering human sacrifices not only existed, but universally prevailed among ancient nations. We have already (Note on Lev. 20:2) referred to the custom among the Phœnicians and Carthaginians, descendants from the Canaanitish nations, of sacrificing their children to Moloch, or Saturn; and we will now cite a passage from DIODORUS SICULUS, (lib. xx.) which immediately precedes that already produced relative to this barbarous custom. He states that the Carthaginians imputed their being besieged by Agathocles to the anger of Saturn, because. instead of sacrificing the best of their own children, as formerly, they had sacrificed children bought for that purpose. ‘In haste, therefore, to rectify their errors, they chose 200 of the noblest children, and publicly sacrificed them! Others, accused of irreligion, voluntarily gave themselves up, to the number of no less than 300!’ ch. 18:10. Le. 18:21; 20:2. Je. 7:31; 32:35. Eze. 20:31; 23:37. Mi. 6:7.
32 thou shalt not. ch. 4:2; 13:18. Jos. 1:7. Pr. 30:6. Mat. 28:20. Re. 22:18, 19.


  CHAP. 13

  Enticers to idolatry, 1–5; how near soever unto thee, 6–8; are to be stoned to death, 9–11. Idolatrous cities are not to be spared, 12–18.

1 a prophet. That is, one pretending to the divine inspiration and authority of the prophetic office, or a dreamer of dreams, one who pretends that some deity has spoken to him in the night season, and giveth thee a sign, oth, what appears to be a miraculous proof of his mission, or a wonder, mopheth, some portentous sign, such as an eclipse, which he, who knew when it would happen, might predict to the people, who knew nothing of the matter, and thereby accredit his pretensions. But no pretended miracles must be admitted as a proof that the people might violate the first and great commandment. 1 Ki. 13:18. Is. 9:15. Je. 6:13; 23:11. Eze. 13:2, 3, 23. Zec. 13:4. Mat. 7:15; 24:11. Lu. 6:26. 2 Pe. 2:1. 1 Jno. 4:1. a dreamer. Je. 23:25–28; 27:9; 29:8, 24, marg. Zec. 10:2.
2 ch. 18:22. Ex. 7:22. 1 Ki. 13:3. Je. 28:9. Mat. 7:22, 23; 24:24. 2 Co. 11:13–15. 2 Th. 2:9–11. Re. 13:13, 14.
3 hearken. Is. 8:20. Ac. 17:11. Ep. 4:14. 1 Jno. 4:1. proveth. See on ch. 8:2. Ps. 66:10; 81:7. Mat. 24:24. 1 Co. 11:19. 2 Th. 2:11. 1 Jno. 2:19; 4:4. Re. 13:14. ye love the Lord your God. See on ch. 6:5. 2 Co. 8:8.
4 walk. See on ch. 6:13. 2 Ki. 23:3. 2 Ch. 34:31. Mi. 6:8. Lu. 1:6. Col. 1:10. 1 Th. 4:1, 2. and obey. Je. 7:23. and cleave. See on ch. 10:20; 30:20. Ro. 6:13. 1 Co. 6:17.
5 prophet. ch. 18:20. 1 Ki. 18:40. Is. 9:14, 15; 28:17, 18. Je. 14:15; 28:15–17; 29:21, 22. Zec. 13:3. Re. 19:20. spoken. Heb. spoken revolt against the Lord. turn you. ver. 10; ch. 7:4. Je. 50:6. Ac. 13:8. 2 Ti. 4:4, 5. put the evil away from the midst. ch. 17:7; 19:19; 22:21, 24; 24:7. 1 Co. 5:13. He. 12:14, 15.
6 thy brother. ch. 17:2, 3; 28:54. Ge. 16:5. Pr. 5:20; 18:24. Mi. 7:5–7. Mat. 12:48–50. 2 Co. 5:16. which is. 1 Sa. 18:1, 3; 20:17. 2 Sa. 1:26. entice. Job 31:27. Ga. 2:4. Ep. 4:14. Col. 2:4. 2 Pe. 2:1. 1 Jno. 2:26, 27. Re. 12:9; 13:14; 20:3. which thou. ch. 32:16–18. Ju. 2:13; 5:8; 10:6. 1 Ki. 11:5–7. 2 Ki. 17:30, 31.
8 consent. Ex. 20:3. Pr. 1:10. Ga. 1:8, 9. 1 Jno. 5:21. shall thine. See on ch. 7:16; 19:13. Eze. 5:11; 9:5, 6.
9 But. ch. 17:2–7. Mat. 10:37. Lu. 14:26. thine hand. ch. 17:7. Jno. 8:7. Ac. 7:58.
10 stone him. ch. 21:21. Le. 20:2, 27; 24:14–16, 23. Nu. 15:35, 36. Jos. 7:25. 2 Ch. 24:21. By this law, every Israelite was bound in conscience to inform against, to prosecute, and to assist at the execution of any one, even the nearest relation or friend, who attempted to persuade him to idolatry; yet it is observable that parents and husbands are not expressly mentioned in the list of those who were to be thus publicly accused.—SCOTT. which brought. See on Ex. 20:2. bondage. Heb. bondmen.
11 ch. 17:13; 19:20. Pr. 19:25; 21:11. 1 Ti. 5:20.
12 Jos. 22:11, etc. Ju. 20:1, 2, etc.
13 the children, or, naughty men. Ju. 19:22; 20:13. 1 Sa. 2:12; 10:27; 25:17, 25. 2 Sa. 16:7; 20:1; 23:6. 1 Ki. 21:10, 13. 2 Ch. 13:7. Jno. 8:44. 2 Co. 6:15. 1 Jno. 3:10. Belial. Belial is derived by some from beli, not, and âl, over, i.e. one so proud and envious as not to bear a superior; by others, from beli, not, and ol, a yoke, i.e. a lawless, ungovernable person; ανδρες παρανομοι, ‘lawless men,’ as the LXX render. It is, however, more probably derived from beli, not, and yäâl, profit, i.e. a worthless person, good for nothing to himself or others, and capable of nothing but mischief. are gone. ch. 4:19. 2 Ki. 17:21. 1 Jno. 2:19. Jude 19. Let us. ver. 2, 6.
14 ch. 17:4; 10:18. Nu. 35:30. Is. 11:3, 4 Jno. 7:24. 1 Ti. 5:19.
15 destroying it utterly. ch. 2:34; 7:2, 16. Ex. 22:20; 23:24. Le. 27:28. Jos. 6:17–21, 24. Ju. 20:48. Re. 17:16; 18:18–24; 19:2, 3.
16 burn with. Jos. 6:24. an heap. Nu. 21:2, 3. Jos. 6:26; 8:28. Is. 17:1; 25:2. Je. 49:2. Mi. 1:6.
17 cleave. See on ch. 7:26. Jos. 6:18; 7:1. cursed. or, devoted. See on Le. 27:28, 29. 1 Co. 16:22. the Lord. Jos. 6:26; 7:26; 22:20. Ps. 78:38. and shew. Ex. 20:6. La. 3:32. and multiply. Eze. 37:26. as he hath. Ge. 22:16, 17; 26:4, 24; 28:14.
18 to keep. See on ch. 12:25, 28, 32. Ps. 119:6. Mat. 6:33; 7:21, 24.


  CHAP. 14

  God’s children are not to disfigure themselves in mourning, 1, 2. What may, and what may not be eaten, 3; of beasts, 4–8; of fishes, 9, 10; of fowls, 11–20. That which dieth of itself may not be eaten, 21. Tithes of divine service, 22. Tithes and firstlings to be eaten before the Lord, 23–27. The third year’s tithe of alms and charity, 28, 29.

1 the children. Ge. 6:2, 4. Ex. 4:22, 23. Ps. 82:6, 7. Je. 3:19. Ho. 1:10. Jno. 1:12; 11:52. Ro. 8:16; 9:8, 26. 2 Co. 6:18. Ga. 3:26. He. 2:10. 1 Jno. 3:1, 2, 10; 5:2. ye shall not. The heathen nations not only did these things in honour of their gods, but in grief for the death of a relative. Le. 19:27, 28; 21:5. Je. 16:6; 41:5; 47:5. 1 Th. 4:13.
2 ver. 21. See on ch. 7:6; 26:18, 19; 28:9. Ex. 19:5, 6. Le. 11:45; 19:2; 20:26. Is. 6:13; 62:12. Eze. 21:2. Da. 8:24; 12:7. Tit. 2:14. 1 Pe. 2:9.
3 Le. 11:43; 20:25. Is. 65:4. Eze. 4:14. Ac. 10:12–14. Ro. 14:14. 1 Co. 10:28. Tit. 1:15.
4 Le. 11:2–8. 1 Ki. 4:23.
5 the wild goat. The word akko, according to the LXX. and Vulgate, signifies the tragelephus, or goat-deer; so called from its resemblance to both species. Dr. SHAW states that an animal of this kind is found in the East, where it is called fishstûll, and lerwee. pygarg. or, bison. Heb. dishon. The pygarg, πυγαργος, or white-buttocks, according to the LXX.; and Dr. SHAW states that the lidmee, as the Africans call it, is exactly such an animal; being of the same shape and colour as the antelope, and of the size of a roebuck, the wild ox. Theo, probably the oryx of the Greeks, a species of large stag; and the Bekkar el wash of Dr. SHAW.
6 Ps. 1:1, 2. Pr. 18:1. 2 Co. 6:17. On this verse remark, that the clean beast must both chew the cud and part the hoof: two distinct characteristics, or general signs, by which the possibility of error arising from the misinterpretation of names is obviated. When God directs, his commands are not of doubtful interpretation.
7 Mat. 7:22, 23, 26. 2 Ti. 3:5. Tit. 1:16. 2 Pe. 2:18–22.
8 the swine. Is. 65:4; 66:3, 17. Lu. 15:15, 16. 2 Pe. 2:22. touch. Le. 11:26, 27.
9 Le. 11:9–12.
12 See on Le. 11:13–19.
13 the glede. Raâh, probably the same as daâh, rendered vulture in Le. 11:14, where six of Dr. KENNICOTT’S codices read some animal of the hawk or vulture kind: LXX. γυπα, vulture.
15 Job 30:29. the night. Tachmas, probably the bird which HASSELQUIST calls strix orientalis, or oriental owl. the cuckow. Shachaph, probably the sea-gull or mew.
16 the swan. Tinshemeth, probably, as MICHAELIS supposes, the goose.
17 gier. Rachamah, probably a species of vulture, still called in Arabic by the same name. the cormorant. Shalach, probably the cataract, or plungeon, a sea fowl.
18 the lapwing. Doocheephath, the upupa, or hoop, a beautiful but very unclean bird.
19 Le. 11:20–23. Phi. 3:19.
21 any thing. Le. 17:15; 22:8. Eze. 4:14. Ac. 15:20. the stranger. Ex. 12:43–45. Le. 19:33, 34. an holy. See on ver. 2. Da. 8:24; 12:7. 1 Pe. 1:16. Thou shalt. Ex. 23:19; 34:26. Ro. 12:2.
22 ch. 12:6, 17; 26:12–15. Le. 27:30–33. Nu. 18:21. Ne. 10:37.
23 eat before. ch. 12:5–7, 17, 18. the firstlings. ch. 15:19, 20.
24 if the place. ch. 11:24; 12:21. Ex. 23:31. which. See on ch. 12:5.
26 bestow. Ezr. 7:15–17, 22. Mat. 21:12. Mar. 11:15. Jno. 2:14–16. thy soul. ch. 12:15, 20, 21. Ps. 106:14. 1 Co. 6:12, 13; 10:6. desireth. Heb. asketh of thee. eat. ch. 12:7, 12, 18; 26:11. rejoice. Ec. 9:7.
27 the Levite. ver. 29; ch. 12:12, 18, 19. Ga. 6:6. 1 Ti. 5:17. he hath no. ver. 29; ch. 18:1, 2. Nu. 18:20.
28 the end. See on ver. 22; ch. 26:12–15. Am. 4:4. thou shalt bring. As the Levites had no inheritance, the Israelites were not to forget them, but truly tithe their increase. For their support, the Levites had, 1. The tenth of all the productions of the land. 2. Forty-eight cities, each forming a square of 4000 cubits. 3. Two thousand cubits of ground round each city; total of land, 53,000 acres. 4. The first-fruits, and certain parts of all the animals killed in the land. But though this was a very small proportion for a whole tribe that had consented to annihilate its political existence, that it might wait upon the service of God, yet, let it be considered, that what they possessed was the best of the land: and while it was a slender remuneration for their services, yet their portion was such as rendered them independent, and kept them comfortable; so that they could wait on God, and labour in his work, without distraction.
29 he hath. ver. 27; ch. 12:12. the stranger. ch. 16:11, 14; 24:19–21; 26:12, 13. Ex. 22:21–24. Le. 19:34. Job 31:16–22. Lu. 14:12–14. He. 13:2. Ja. 1:27. that the Lord. ch. 15:10. Ps. 41:1. Pr. 3:9, 10; 11:24; 19:17. Is. 58:7–12. Mal. 3:10, 11. Lu. 6:35; 11:41. 2 Co. 9:6–11.


  CHAP. 15

  The seventh year a year of release for the poor, 1–6. It must be no let of lending or giving, 7–11. An Hebrew servant, except he will not depart, must in the seventh year go forth free and well furnished, 12–18. All firstling males of the cattle are to be sanctified unto the Lord, 19–23.

1 ch. 31:10. Ex. 21:2; 23:10, 11. Le. 25:2–4. Is. 61:1–3. Je. 36:8–18. Lu. 4:18, 19.
2 creditor that lendeth. Heb. master of the lending of his hand. exact it. Ne. 5:7–11. Is. 58:3. Am. 8:4–6. Mat. 6:12, 14, 15; 18:25–35. Lu. 6:34–38; 7:42. Ja. 2:13.
3 ch. 23:20. Ex. 25:16, 17. Mat. 17:25, 26. Jno. 8:35. 1 Co. 6:6, 7. Ga. 6:10.
4 Save, etc. or, To the end that there be no poor among you. HOUBIGANT follows this marginal reading, to which he joins the end of the third verse, considering it as explanatory of the law; as if he had said, ‘Thou shalt not exact the debt that is due from thy brother, but thy hand shall release him, for this reason, that there may be no poor among you through your severity.’ He justly contends that the phrase ephes kee, can here only mean, ‘to the end that,’ being equivalent to the French afin que. greatly bless. See on ch. 14:29; 28:1–8, 11. Pr. 11:24, 25; 14:21; 28:27. Is. 58:10, 11.
5 See on ch. 4:9; 11:13–15; 28:1–15. Le. 26:3–14. Jos. 1:7. Ps. 19:11. Is. 1:19, 20. Phi. 1:27.
6 thou shalt lend. ch. 28:12, 44. Ps. 37:21, 26; 112:5. Pr. 22:7. Lu. 6:35. thou shalt reign. ch. 28:13. 1 Ki. 4:21, 24. 2 Ch. 9:26. Ezr. 4:20. Ne. 9:27.
7 there be. Lest the preceding law might render the Israelites cautious in lending to the poor, Moses here warns them against being led by so mean a principle; but to lend liberally, and God would reward them. thou shalt. ver. 9. Pr. 21:13. Mat. 18:30. Ja. 2:15, 16. 1 Jno. 3:16, 17.
9 Beware. Pr. 4:23. Je. 17:10. Mat. 15:19. Mar. 7:21, 22. Ro. 7:8, 9. Ja. 4:5. thought, etc. Heb. word with thine heart of Belial. thine eye. ch. 28:54–56. Pr. 23:6; 24:9; 28:22. Mat. 20:15. Ja. 5:9. 1 Pe. 4:9. he cry. ch. 24:15. Ex. 3:7; 22:23. Job 34:28. Ps. 9:12. Pr. 21:13. Ja. 5:4. sin unto thee. Mat. 25:41–45. Ja. 4:17. 1 Jno. 3:15–17.
10 thine heart. Mat. 25:40. Ac. 20:35. Ro. 12:8. 2 Co. 9:5–7. 1 Ti. 6:18, 19. 1 Pe. 4:11. because. See on ver. 4; ch. 14:19, 29; 24:19. Ps. 41:1, 2. Pr. 11:24, 25; 22:9. Is. 32:8; 58:10. 2 Co. 9:8–11. Phi. 4:18, 19. He. 13:16.
11 the poor. Although Moses, by the statutes relative to the division of the land, and inheritance, and the inalienable nature of it, had studied to prevent any Israelite from being born poor, yet he exhorts them to the exercise of the tenderest compassion and most benevolent actions; and not to refuse assistance to the decayed Israelite, though the sabbatical year drew nigh. Pr. 22:2. Mat. 26:11. Mar. 14:7. Jno. 12:8. Thou shalt. See on ver. 8. Mat. 5:42. Lu. 12:33. Ac. 2:45; 4:32–35; 11:28–30. 2 Co. 8:2–9. 1 Jno. 3:16–18.
12 See on ver. 1. Ex. 21:2–6. Le. 25:39–41. Je. 34:14. Jno. 8:35, 36.
13 This is a most humane and merciful addition to the law in Ex. 21:2–11; enforced upon the Israelites by the consideration of their Egyptian bondage. As a faithful servant has made no property for himself while honestly serving his master, so now, when he quits his service, he has nothing to begin the world with except what the kindness of his master may bestow upon him as a remuneration for his zeal and fidelity. Though what was to be bestowed upon servants is not fixed, yet they were to be liberally supplied. (ver. 14.) Ge. 31:42. Ex. 3:21. Le. 25:42–44. Pr. 3:27, 28. Je. 22:13. Mal. 3:5. Col. 4:1.
14 the Lord. Ne. 8:10. Ps. 68:10. Pr. 10:22. Ac. 20:35. 1 Co. 16:2.
15 ch. 5:14, 15; 16:12. Ex. 20:2. Is. 51:1. Mat. 6:14, 15; 18:32, 33. Ep. 1:7; 2:12; 4:32; 5:1, 2. Tit. 2:14. 1 Jno. 3:16; 4:9–11.
16 See on Ex. 21:5, 6. Ps. 40:6, 8.
17 for ever. Le. 25:39–42. 1 Sa. 1:22.
18 shall not. ver. 10. a double. Is. 16:14; 21:16. Lu. 17:7, 8.
19 the firstling. Ex. 13:2, 12; 34:19. Le. 27:26. Nu. 3:13; 18:17. Ro. 8:29. He. 12:23. thou shalt do. ch. 12:5–7, 17; 14:23; 16:11, 14. Nu. 18:15.
20 See on ch. 12:5–7, 17.
21 ch. 17:1. Le. 22:20–24. Mal. 1:7, 8.
22 the unclean. ch. 12:15, 21, 22. the roe-buck. Tzevee, in Arabic zaby, Chaldee and Syriac tavya, denotes the gazelle or antelope, so called from its stately beauty, as the word imports. In size it is smaller than the roe, of an elegant form, and its motions are light and graceful. It bounds seemingly without effort, and runs with such swiftness that few creatures can exceed it. (2 Sa. 2:18.) Its fine eyes are so much celebrated as even to become a proverb; and its flesh is much esteemed for food among eastern nations, having a sweet, musky taste, which is highly agreeable to their palates. (1 Ki. 4:23.) If to these circumstances we add, that they are gregarious, and common all over the East, whereas the roe is either not known at all, or else very rare in these countries, little doubt can remain that the gazelle and not the roe is intended by the original word.
23 See on ch. 12:16, 23. Le. 7:26. 1 Sa. 14:32. Eze. 33:25.


  CHAP. 16

  The feast of the passover, 1–8, of weeks, 9–12, of tabernacles, 13–15. Every male must offer, as he is able, at these three feasts, 16, 17. Of judges and justice, 18–20. Groves and images are forbidden, 21, 22.

1 the month. Ex. 12:2, etc.; 34:18. Le. 23:5. Nu. 9:2–5; 28:16. the passover. This word comes from the Hebrew verb pasach, to pass, to leap or skip over. The destroying angel passed over the houses marked with the blood of the PASCHAL LAMB, so the wrath of God passes over those whose souls are sprinkled with the blood of Christ. 1 Co. 5:7. As the paschal lamb was killed before Israel was delivered, so by the death of Christ, we have redemption through his blood. It was killed before the tables of the law were delivered to Moses, or Aaron’s sacrifices were enjoined; thus deliverance comes to men, not by the works of the law, but by the only true passover, the Lamb of God. Ro. 3:25. He. 9:14. It was killed the first month of the year, which prefigured that Christ should suffer death in that month. Jno. 18:28. It was killed in the evening, Ex. 12:6. Christ suffered at that time of the day. Mat. 27:46. He. 1:2. At even the sun sets; at Christ’s passion, universal darkness was upon the whole earth. The passover was roasted with fire, denoting the sharp and dreadful pains that Christ should suffer, not only from men, but God also. It was to be eaten with bitter herbs, Ex. 12:8; not only to put them in remembrance of their bitter bondage in Egypt, but also to testify our mortification to sin, and readiness to undergo afflictions for Christ, Col. 1:24; and likewise to teach us the absolute necessity of true repentance in all that would profitably feed by faith on Christ, the true paschal lamb. for in. Ex. 12:29–42; 13:4; 23:15; 34:18.
2 sacrifice. Ex. 12:5–7. Nu. 28:16–19. 2 Ch. 35:7. Mat. 26:2, 17. Mar. 14:12. Lu. 22:8, 15. 1 Co. 5:7. in the place which. See on ch. 12:5, 11, 14, 18, 26; 15:20.
3 eat no. Ex. 12:15, 19, 20, 39; 13:3–7; 34:18. Le. 23:6. Nu. 9:11; 28:17. 1 Co. 5:8. the bread. 1 Ki. 22:27. Ps. 102:9; 127:2. Zec. 12:10. 2 Co. 7:10, 11. 1 Th. 1:6. for thou camest. Ex. 12:32, 33, 39. mayest. Ex. 12:14, 26, 27; 13:7–9. Ps. 111:4. Lu. 22:19. 1 Co. 11:24–26.
4 there shall. Ex. 12:15; 13:7; 34:25. neither. See on Ex. 12:10.
5 sacrifice. or, kill. See on ver. 2; ch. 12:5, 6.
6 at even. Ex. 12:6–9. Nu. 9:3, 11. Mat. 26:20. He. 1:2, 3; 9:26. 1 Pe. 1:19, 20.
7 roast. Ex. 12:8, 9. 2 Ch. 35:13. Ps. 22:14, 15. in the place, ver. 2, 6. 2 Ki. 23:23. Jno. 2:13, 23; 11:55.
8 Six days. Ex. 12:15, 16; 13:7, 8. Le. 23:6–8. Nu. 28:17–19. solemn assembly. Heb. restraint. Le. 23:36. 2 Ch. 7:9. Ne. 8:18. Joel 1:14, margins.
9 ver. 10, 16. Ex. 23:16; 34:22. Le. 23:15, 16. Nu. 28:26–30. 2 Ch. 8:13. Ac. 2:1. 1 Co. 16:8. He. 2:1.
10 a tribute, or, sufficiency, ver. 16. Le. 5:7; 12:8; 25:26, margins. Nu. 31:28, 37. Pr. 3:9, 10. according. ver. 17. Pr. 10:22. Joel 2:14. Hag. 2:15–19. Mal. 3:10, 11. 1 Co. 16:2. 2 Co. 8:10, 12; 9:5–11.
11 See on ver. 14; ch. 12:7, 12, 18. Is. 64:5; 66:10–14. Hab. 3:18. Ro. 5:11. 2 Co. 1:24. Phi. 4:4.
12 See on ver. 15; ch. 15:15. La. 3:19, 20. Ro. 6:17, 18. Ep. 2:1–3, 11.
13 the feast, ch. 31:10. Ex. 23:16; 34:22. Le. 23:34–36. Nu. 29:12, etc. 2 Ch. 5:3; 7:8–10; 8:13. Ezr. 3:4. Ne. 8:14–18. Zec. 14:16–18. Jno. 7:2. corn and thy wine. Heb. floor and thy wine-press.
14 See on ch. 12:12; 26:11. Ne. 8:9–12. Ec. 9:7. Is. 12:1–6; 25:6–8; 30:29; 35:10. 1 Th. 5:16.
15 Seven days. Le. 23:36–42. Nu. 29:12–38. because. See on ver. 10; ch. 7:13; 28:8–12; 30:16.
16 Three times. Ex. 23:14–17; 34:22, 23. 1 Ki. 9:25. and they shall. Ex. 23:15; 34:20. 1 Ch. 29:3–9, 14–17. Ps. 96:8. Pr. 3:9, 10. Is. 23:18; 60:6–9. Hag. 1:9. Mat. 2:11. Mar. 12:3.
17 as he is able. Heb. according to the gift of his hand. See on ver. 10. Le. 27:8. Ezr. 2:63. Mar. 12:41–44. 2 Co. 8:12; 9:6, 7.
18 Judges. ch. 1:15–17; 17:9, 12; 19:17, 18; 21:2. Ex. 18:25, 26; 21:6. 1 Ch. 23:4; 26:29. 2 Ch. 19:5–11. Ps. 82:2, 3. Ro. 13:1–6. in all thy gates. This expression may refer to the gate of the city, as the forum or place of public concourse among the Israelites, where a court of judicature was held, to try all causes and decide all affairs. The same practice obtained among other Eastern nations. The Ottoman court, it is well known, derived its appellation of the Porte, from the distribution of justice and the dispatch of public business at its gates. And the square tower which forms the principal entrance to the Alhamra, or red palace of the Moorish kings of Grenada, retains to this day the appellation of the Gate of judgment, from its having been the place where justice was at one period summarily administered.
19 wrest. ch. 24:17; 27:19. Ex. 23:2, 6–8. Le. 19:15. 1 Sa. 8:3; 12:3. Job 31:21, 22. Pr. 17:23. Ec. 7:7. Is. 1:17, 23; 33:15. Je. 5:28. Eze. 22:12. Mi. 7:3. Hab. 1:4. Zep. 3:3–5. Ac. 16:37; 23:3. respect. See on ch. 1:16, 17; 10:17. Ex. 23:7, 8. Pr. 24:23, 28. Ac. 10:34. words. or, matters.
20 That which, etc. Heb. Justice, justice. ch. 25:13–16. Mi. 6:8. Phi. 4:8. live. See on ch. 4:1. Eze. 18:5, 9. Ro. 10:5.
21 Ex. 34:13. Ju. 3:7. 1 Ki. 14:15; 16:33. 2 Ki. 17:16; 21:3. 2 Ch. 33:3.
22 image. or, statue, or pillar. Ex. 20:4. Le. 26:1. which. ch. 12:31. Je. 44:4. Zec. 8:17. Re. 2:6, 15.


  CHAP. 17

  The things sacrificed must be sound, 1. Idolaters must be slain, 2–7. Hard controversies are to be determined by the priests and judges, 8–11. The contemner of that determination must die, 12, 13. The election, 14, 15; and duty of a king, 16–20.

1 Thou shalt. ch. 15:21. See on Ex. 12:5. Le. 22:20–25. Mal. 1:8, 13, 14. He. 9:14. 1 Pe. 1:19 sheep. or, goat. any evil favouredness. Ge. 41:3, 4, 19. for that. ch. 23:18; 24:4; 25:16. Pr. 6:16; 11:1; 15:8; 20:10.
2 within any of thy gates. The expression, ‘within any of thy gates,’ denoted all residing in the cities, and all who went in and came out at the gates of them; so that it included the inhabitants of the whole land. man. ver. 5; ch. 13:6, etc.; 29:18. in transgressing. ch. 4:23; 29:25; 31:20. Le. 26:15, 25. Jos. 7:11, 15; 23:16. Ju. 2:20. 2 Ki. 18:12. Je. 31:32. Eze. 16:38. Ho. 6:7; 8:1. He. 8:9, 10.
3 the sun. See on ch. 4:19. 2 Ki. 21:3. Job 31:26, 27. Je. 8:2. Eze. 8:16. which. Je. 7:22, 23, 31; 19:5; 32:35.
4 enquired. ch. 13:12–14; 19:18. Pr. 25:2. Jno. 7:51.
5 stone them. ch. 13:10, 11; 21:21; 22:21, 24. Le. 24:14, 16. Jos. 7:25.
6 ch. 19:15. Nu. 35:30. Mat. 18:16. Jno. 8:17, 18. 2 Co. 13:1. 1 Ti. 5:19. He. 10:28.
7 of the witnesses. ch. 13:9. Ac. 7:58, 59. So thou. ver. 12; ch. 13:5; 19:19; 24:7. Ju. 20:13. 1 Co. 5:13.
8 arise. ch. 1:17. Ex. 18:26. 1 Ki. 3:16–28. 2 Ch. 19:8–10. Hag. 2:11. Mal. 2:7. between blood. ch. 19:4, 10, 11. Ex. 21:12–14, 20, 22, 28; 22:2. Nu. 35:11, 16, 19, etc. get thee up. See on ch. 12:5; 19:17. Ps. 122:4, 5.
9 the priests. Je. 18:18. Hag. 2:11. Mal. 2:7. they shall. ch. 19:17–21. Eze. 44:24.
10 Mat. 22:2, 3.
11 According to. Jos. 1:7. Mal. 2:8, 9. Ro. 13:1–6. Tit. 3:1. 1 Pe. 2:13–15. 2 Pe. 2:10. Jude 8. to the right. ver. 5:32; 28:14. Jos. 1:7; 23:6. 2 Sa. 14:19. Pr. 4:27.
12 will do. ch. 13:5, 11. Nu. 15:30. Ezr. 10:8. Ps. 19:13. Ho. 4:4. Mat. 10:14. He. 10:26–29. and will not hearken. Heb. not to hearken. Je. 25:3, etc. the priest. ch. 10:8; 18:5, 7. Lu. 10:16. Jno. 12:48; 20:23. 1 Th. 4:2, 8. that man. He. 10:28. thou shalt. See on ver. 7; ch. 13:5. Pr. 21:11. 1 Ti. 5:20.
13 shall hear. See on ch. 13:11; 19:20. presumptuously. See on Nu. 15:30, 31.
14 When thou. ch. 7:1; 12:9, 10; 18:9; 26:1, 9. Le. 14:34. Jos. 1:13. I will set. 1 Sa. 8:5–7, 19, 20; 12:19.
15 whom. 1 Sa. 9:15–17; 10:24; 16:12, 13. 2 Sa. 5:2. 1 Ch. 12:23; 22:10; 28:5. Ps. 2:2, 6. from among. Je. 30:21. Mat. 22:17. not set. Je. 2:25.
16 multiply horses. Multiplying horses for chariots of war and cavalry, or for luxury, would increase the splendour of the monarch, and form a ground of confidence distinct from a proper confidence in God, and inconsistent with it, and with considering him as the glory of Israel. Egypt abounded in horses; and the desire of multiplying these would induce the prince to encourage a trade with that kingdom; and this might make way for the Israelites being again subjugated by the Egyptians, or at least corrupted by their idolatries and vices. Whereas, it was the command of God that they should no more return thither, but be totally detached from them. Besides, they might be tempted to extend their dominion by means of cavalry, and so get scattered among the surrounding idolatrous nations, and thus cease to be that distinct, separate people, which God intended they should be. 1 Sa. 8:11. 2 Sa. 8:4. 1 Ki. 1:5; 4:26; 10:26–28. 2 Ch. 9:25. Ps. 20:7. Is. 36:8, 9. Ho. 14:3. cause. Is. 31:1–3. Je. 42:14. Eze. 17:15. Ye shall henceforth. ch. 28:68. Ex. 13:17; 14:13. Nu. 14:3, 4. Je. 42:15, 16. Ho. 11:5.
17 multiply wives. Ge. 2:24. 2 Sa. 3:2–5. 1 Ki. 11:1–4. Ne. 13:26. Mal. 2:15. Mat. 19:5. neither shall he. 1 Ki. 10:21. Ps. 62:10. Pr. 30:8, 9. Mat. 6:19, 20; 13:22; 19:23, 24. Lu. 12:15. 1 Ti. 6:9, 17.
18 that he shall. 2 Ki. 11:12. a copy. Mishneh hattorah hazzoth, ‘a duplicate of this law;’ translated by the Septuagint, το δευτερονομιον τουτο, this Deuteronomy. From this version, both the Vulgate and all the modern versions have taken the name of this book; and from the original word, the Jews call it Mishneh. out of that which. ch. 31:9, 25, 26. 2 Ki. 22:8. 2 Ch. 34:15.
19 ch. 6:6–9; 11:18. Jos. 1:8. Ps. 1:2; 119:97–100. Jno. 5:39. 2 Ti. 3:15–17.
20 his heart. ch. 8:2, 13, 14. 2 Ki. 14:10. 2 Ch. 25:19; 26:16; 32:25, 26; 33:12, 19, 23; 34:27. Ps. 131:1, 2. Is. 2:12. Da. 5:20–23. Hab. 2:4. 2 Co. 12:7. 1 Pe. 5:5. he turn. See on ch. 4:2; 5:32; 12:25, 28, 32. 1 Ki. 15:5. right hand. See on ver. 11. 1 Sa. 13:13, 14; 15:23. 1 Ki. 11:12, 13, 34, 36. 2 Ki. 10:30. Ps. 19:11; 132:12. Pr. 27:24. Ec. 8:13. that he. Pr. 10:27.


  CHAP. 18

  The LORD is the priests and Levites’ inheritance, 1, 2. The priests’ due, 3–5. The Levites’ portion, 6–8. The abominations of the nations are to be avoided, 9–14. Christ the Prophet is to be heard, 15–19. The presumptuous prophet is to die, 20–22.

1 shall have. ch. 10:9; 12:19. Nu. 18:20; 26:62. Jos. 13:33; 18:7. 1 Pe. 5:2–4. they shall. Nu. 18:8, 9. Jos. 13:14. 1 Co. 9:13, 14.
2 the Lord. Ge. 15:1. Ps. 16:5; 73:24–26; 84:11; 119:57. Is. 61:6. La. 3:24. 1 Pe. 2:5, 9. Re. 1:5, 6.
3 offer a sacrifice. ch. 12:27. Le. 7:30–34.
4 first-fruit. ch. 26:9, 10. Ex. 22:29; 23:19. Le. 23:10, 17. Nu. 18:12–24. 2 Ch. 31:4–10. Ne. 12:44–47. the fleece. Job 21:20.
5 ch. 10:8; 17:12. Ex. 28:1, etc. Nu. 3:10; 16:5, 9, 10; 17:5–9; 25:13.
6 come. See on Nu. 35:2, 3. and come with. Ps. 26:8; 27:4; 63:1, 2; 84:5, 10. 1 Ti. 3:1. 1 Pe. 5:2. unto the place. ch. 12:5; 16:2.
7 as all his brethren. 2 Ch. 31:2–4.
8 like portions. Le. 7:8, 9, 14. Ne. 12:44, 47. Lu. 10:7. 1 Co. 9:7–14. 1 Ti. 5:17, 18. that which cometh of the sale of his patrimony. Heb. his sales by the fathers.
9 See on ch. 12:29–31. Le. 18:26, 27, 30.
10 maketh. ch. 12:31. Le. 18:21, etc.; 20:2–5. 2 Ki. 16:3; 17:17; 21:6. 2 Ch. 28:3. Ps. 106:37, 38. Je. 19:4–6; 32:35. that useth divination. The precise import of the terms here used to express these unhallowed practices cannot be clearly ascertained: he that useth divination, kosaim, kesamim, seems a general term for the various species after specified; observer of times, meonain, one who pretends to foretel by the clouds, planets, etc.; enchanter, menachesh, a diviner, either by means of serpents, or by inspecting the entrails of boasts, the flight of birds, etc.; a witch, mecashsheph, one who used magical fumigations, etc.; a charmer, chover chaver, one who uses spells, or a peculiar conjunction of words, or tying knots, etc.; a consulter with familiar spirits, shoel ov, a pythoness; a wizard, yidoni, a cunning man; necromancer, doresh el hammaithim, one who seeks enquiries of the dead. Ex. 22:18. Le. 19:26, 31; 20:26, 27. 1 Sa. 28:3, 7, 9. 1 Ch. 10:13. 2 Ch. 33:6. Is. 8:19, 20; 47:13. Ac. 19:19. Ga. 5:20.
11 or a necromancer. 1 Sa. 28:11–14.
12 ch. 9:4. Le. 18:24, 27.
13 Thou shalt. Ge. 6:9; 17:1. Job 1:1, 8. Ps. 37:37. Mat. 5:48. Phi. 3:12, 15. Re. 3:2. perfect. or, upright, or, sincere.
14 Possess. or, inherit. hath not suffered. ver. 10. Ge. 20:6. Ps. 147:19, 20. Ac. 14:16.
15 a Prophet. ver. 18, 19. Jno. 1:45. Ac. 3:22, 23; 7:37. like unto me. ch. 5:5; 34:10. Lu. 24:19. 1 Ti. 2:5. He. 1:1, 2; 2:1–3; 3:2–6. unto him. Mat. 17:5. Lu. 9:35; 10:16. Jno. 6:29. He. 1:2. 1 Jno. 3:23.
16 in Horeb. ch. 9:10. Let me not hear. ch. 5:24–28. Ex. 20:19. He. 12:19.
17 See on ch. 5:28.
18 raise them. ver. 15. Jno. 1:45. like unto. ch. 5:5; 33:5. Ex. 40:26–29. Nu. 12:6–8, 13. Ps. 2:6; 110:4. Is. 9:6, 7. Zec. 6:12, 13. Mal. 3:1. Lu. 24:19. Ga. 3:19, 20. 1 Ti. 2:5. He. 3:2–6; 7:22; 12:24, 25. will put. Is. 50:4; 51:16. Jno. 17:18. he shall. Jno. 4:25; 8:28; 12:49, 50; 15:15.
19 Mar. 16:16. Ac. 3:22, 23. He. 2:3; 3:7; 10:26; 12:25, 26.
20 the prophet. ch. 13:1–5. Je. 14:14, 15; 23:13–15, 31; 27:15. Eze. 13:6. Mat. 7:15. 2 Pe. 2:1–2. in the name. ch. 13:1, 2. 1 Ki. 18:19, 27, 40. Je. 2:8; 28:15–17. Zec. 13:3. Re. 19:20.
21 1 Th. 5:24. 1 Jno. 4:1–3. Re. 2:2.
22 speaketh. Is. 41:22. Je. 28:1–14. if the thing. ch. 13:2. 2 Ki. 20:1. Jon. 3:4; 4:2. Zec. 1:5, 6. presumptuously. ver. 20. Je. 28:15–17. shalt not. Pr. 26:2.


  CHAP. 19

  The cities of refuge, 1–3. The privilege thereof for the manslayer, 4–13. The land-mark is not to be removed, 14. Two witnesses at the least are required, 15. The punishment of a false witness, 16–21.

1 hath cut. ch. 6:10; 7:1, 2; 12:1, 29; 17:14. succeedest. Heb. inheritest, or possessest. ch. 12:29.
2 separate three cities. Unquestionably in imitation of these cities, the heathen had their asyla, and the Roman Catholics their privileged altars: and similar traditions seem to obtain in many barbarous nations, for ‘the North American Indian nations have most of them either a house or town of refuge, which is a sure asylum to protect a manslayer, or the unfortunate captive, if he once enter it. In almost every Indian nation there are several towns, which are called old beloved, ancient, holy, or white towns, (white being their fixed, emblem of peace, friendship, prosperity, happiness, purity, etc.) They seem to have been formerly towns of refuge; for it is not in the memory of the oldest people that ever human blood was shed in them. ch. 4:41–43. Ex. 21:13. Nu. 35:10–15. Jos. 20:2–7. He. 6:18.
3 Is. 35:8; 57:14; 62:10. He. 12:13.
4 the slayer. ch. 4:42. Nu. 35:15–24. in time past. Heb. from yesterday the third day. ver. 6. Ge. 31:2. Jos. 3:4. 1 Ch. 11:2. Is. 30:33, margins.
5 head. Heb. iron. 2 Ki. 6:5–7. helve. Heb. wood lighteth. Heb. findeth. he shall flee. Nu. 35:25. Pr. 27:12. Is. 32:2.
6 the avenger. Nu. 35:12. Jos. 20:5. 2 Sa. 14:7. slay him. Heb. smite him in life. not worthy. ch. 21:22. Je. 26:15, 16. in time past. Heb. from yesterday the third day. ver. 4.
8 ch. 11:24, 25; 12:20. Ge. 15:18–21; 28:14. Ex. 23:31; 34:24. 1 Ki. 4:21. Ezr. 4:20.
9 If thou shalt. See on ch. 11:22–25; 12:32. then shalt thou. Jos. 20:7, 8.
10 ver. 13; ch. 21:8. 1 Ki. 2:31. 2 Ki. 21:16; 24:4. Ps. 94:21. Pr. 6:17. Is. 59:7. Je. 7:6, 7. Joel 3:19. Jon. 1:14. Mat. 27:4, 5.
11 But if any. ch. 27:24. Ge. 9:6. Ex. 21:12–14. Nu. 35:16–21, 24. Pr. 28:17. mortally. Heb. in life.
12 1 Ki. 2:5, 6, 28–34.
13 Thine eye. ch. 7:16; 13:8; 25:12. Eze. 16:5. but thou. ch. 21:9. Ge. 9:6. Le. 24:17, 21. Nu. 35:33, 34. 2 Sa. 21:1, 14. 1 Ki. 2:31.
14 shalt not remove. Before the extensive use of fences, landed property was marked out by stones or posts, set up so as to ascertain the divisions of family estates. It was easy to remove one of these landmarks, and set it in a different place; and thus a dishonest man might enlarge his own estate by contracting that of his neighbour. Hence it was a matter of considerable importance to prevent this crime among the Israelites; among whom, removing them would be equivalent to forging, altering, destroying, or concealing the title-deeds of an estate among us. Accordingly, by the Moasic law, it was not only prohibited in the commandment against covetousness, but we find a particular curse expressly annexed to it in ch. 27:17. JOSEPHUS considers this law a general prohibition, intended not only to protect private property, but also to preserve the boundaries of kingdoms and countries inviolable. ch. 27:17. Job 24:2. Pr. 22:28; 23:10. Ho. 5:10.
15 at the mouth. ch. 17:6. Nu. 35:30. 1 Ki. 21:10, 13. Mat. 18:16; 26:60, 61. Jno. 8:17. 2 Co. 13:1. 1 Ti. 5:19. He. 10:28. Re. 11:3–7.
16 a false witness. Ex. 23:1–7. 1 Ki. 21:10–13. Ps. 27:12; 35:11. Mar. 14:55–59. Ac. 6:13. that which is wrong. or, falling away.
17 ch. 17:9; 21:5. Mal. 2:7. Mat. 23:2, 3.
18 diligent. See on ch. 13:14; 17:4. 2 Ch. 19:6, 7. Job 29:16.
19 Then shall. Pr. 19:5, 9. Je. 14:15. Da. 6:24. so shalt. ch. 13:5; 17:7; 19:20; 21:20, 21; 22:21, 24; 24:7.
20 ch. 13:11; 17:7, 13; 21:21. Pr. 21:11. Ro. 13:3, 4. 1 Ti. 5:20.
21 thine eye. See on ver. 13. life shall. Ex. 21:23–25. Le. 24:17–21. Mat. 5:38, 39.


  CHAP. 20

  The priest’s exhortation to encourage the people to battle, 1–4. The officers’ proclamation of who are to be dismissed from the war, 5–9. How to use the cities that accept or refuse the proclamation of peace, 10–15. What cities must be devoted, 16–18. Trees of man’s meat must not be destroyed in the siege, 19, 20.

1 goest out. ch. 3:21, 22; 7:1. horses. Jos. 10:5–8; 11:4–6, 9. Ju. 4:3–9. 2 Ch. 14:11; 20:12. Ps. 20:7; 33:16, 17. Is. 31:1; 37:24, 25. the Lord. ch. 2:7; 31:6, 8. Ge. 26:3. Nu. 23:21. Jos. 1:5, 9. Ju. 6:12. 2 Ch. 32:7, 8. Ps. 46:7, 11; 118:6. Is. 7:14; 8:9, 10; 43:2. Ro. 8:31.
2 Nu. 10:8, 9; 31:6. Ju. 20:27, 28. 1 Sa. 14:18; 30:7, 8. 2 Ch. 13:12.
3 let not. Ps. 27:1–3. Is. 35:3, 4; 41:10–14. Mat. 10:16, 28, 31. Ep. 6:11–18. 1 Th. 5:14. He. 12:12, 13. Re. 2:10. faint. Heb. be tender. tremble. Heb. make haste. Is. 28:16. be ye terrified. Ps. 3:6. Is. 3:12, 13; 57:7, 8. Mat. 8:26. Mar. 16:6, 18. Ac. 18:9, 10; 27:24. 1 Ti. 6:12. He. 13:6.
4 to fight. ch. 1:30; 3:22; 11:25; 32:30. Ex. 14:14. Jos. 10:42; 23:10. 2 Ch. 13:12; 32:7, 8. Ps. 144:1, 2. Ro. 8:37.
5 the officers. ch. 1:15; 16:18. Nu. 31:14, 48. 1 Sa. 17:18. dedicated. Ne. 12:27. Ps. 30. Title.
6 eaten of it. Heb. made it common. ch. 28–30. Le. 19:23–25. Je. 31:5. lest he die. Is. 65:22. Zep. 1:13.
7 betrothed a wife. It was customary among the Jews to contract matrimony, espouse, or betroth, and for a considerable time to leave the parties in the houses of their respective parents; and when the bridegroom had made proper preparations, then the bride was brought home to his house, and the marriage consummated. The provisions in this verse refer to a case of this kind; though the Jews extend it to him who had newly consummated his marriage, and even to him who had married his brother’s wife. It was deemed a peculiar hardship for a person to be obliged to go to battle, who had left a house unfinished, newly purchased land half tilled, or a wife with whom he had just contracted marriage, ch. 22:23–25; 24:5. Mat. 1:18. lest he die. ch. 28:30. Lu. 14:18–20. 2 Ti. 2:4.
8 fearful. ch. 1:28; 23:9. Ju. 7:3. Lu. 9:62. Ac. 15:37, 38. Re. 3:16; 21:8. lest his brethren’s. Nu. 13:31–33; 14:1–3; 32:9. 1 Co. 15:33. faint. Heb. melt. ch. 1:28, marg. Ex. 15:15.
9 to lead the people. Heb. to be in the head of the people.
10 then proclaim. 2 Sa. 20:18–22. Is. 57:19. Zec. 9:10. Lu. 10:5, 6. Ac. 10:36. 2 Co. 5:18–21; 6:1. Ep. 2:17.
11 tributaries. Le. 25:42–46. Jos. 9:22, 23, 27; 11:19, 20; 16:10. Ju. 1:28, 30–35. 1 Ki. 9:21, 22. Ps. 120:7. Lu. 19:14.
13 thou shalt smite. See on Nu. 31:7–9, 17, 18. 1 Ki. 11:15, 16. Ps. 2:6–12; 21:8, 9; 110:1. Lu. 19:27. 2 Th. 1:7–9.
14 the women. Nu. 31:9, 12, 18, 35, etc. Jos. 8:2; 11:14. 2 Ch. 14:13–15; 20:25. Ps. 68:12. Ro. 8:37. take unto thyself. Heb. spoil, thou shalt eat. Jos. 22:8.
16 ch. 7:1–4, 16. Nu. 21:2, 3, 35; 33:52. Jos. 6:17–21; 9:24, 27; 10:28, 40; 11:11, 12, 14.
17 thou shalt. Is. 34:5, 6. Je. 48:10; 50:35–40. Eze. 38:21–23. Re. 19:18. the Hittites. See on ch. 7:1.
18 ch. 7:4, 5; 12:30, 31; 18:19. Ex. 23:33. Jos. 23:13. Ju. 2:3. Ps. 106:34–40. 1 Co. 15:33. 2 Co. 6:17. Ep. 5:11. 2 Th. 3:14. 1 Ti. 6:5. 2 Ti. 2:17, 18. Re. 18:3–5.
19 thou shalt not. Mat. 3:10; 7:15–20; 21:19. Lu. 13:7–9. Jno. 15:2–8. for the tree, etc. or, for, O man, the tree of the field is to be employed in the siege. The original is exceedingly difficult. The LXX. has it, ‘Is the tree in the field a man, to enter the trench before thee?’ The Latin Vulgate: ‘For it is a tree, and not a man, neither can it increase the number of those who war against thee;’ ONKELOS, ‘For the tree of the field is not as a man, that it should come against thee in the siege;’ and to the same purpose the Arabic, PHILO, and JOSEPHUS, who say, ‘If trees could speak, they would cry out, that it is unjust that they, who were no cause of the war, should suffer the miseries of it.’ However rendered, the sense is sufficiently clear: and it is a merciful provision to spare all the fruit trees for the support of both the besieged and besiegers, ch. 26:6. to employ, etc. Heb. to go from before thee.
20 thou shalt build. ch. 1:28. 2 Ch. 26:15. Ec. 9:14. Is. 37:33. Je. 6:6; 33:4. Eze. 17:17. be subdued. Heb. come down.


  CHAP. 21

  The expiation of an uncertain murder, 1–9. The usage of a captive taken to wife, 10–14. The first-born is not to be disinherited upon private affection, 15–17. A rebellious son is to be stoned to death, 18–21. The malefactor must not hang all night on a tree, 22, 23.

1 Ps. 5:6; 9:12. Pr. 28:17. Is. 26:21. Ac. 28:4.
2 See on ch. 16:18, 19. Ro. 13:8, 4.
3 an. Nu. 19:2. Je. 31:18. Mat. 11:28–30. Phi. 2:8.
4 a rough valley. As the word nachal signifies both a torrent, and the valley or glen through which it flows, nachal aithan may be rendered a rapid torrent. Many torrents in Judea are dry during a great part of the year; when not only their banks but their beds may be ploughed, and yield a crop. Hence there is no impropriety in specifying that such a place should be one that ‘is neither eared nor sown;’ while the circumstance that the elders were to wash their hands over the heifer, whose head had been struck off into the stream, confirms this interpretation. The spot of ground where this sacrifice was made must be uncultivated, because it was considered as a sacrifice for the atonement of murder, and, consequently, would pollute the land. shall strike. 1 Pe. 2:21–24; 3:18.
5 for them. See on ch. 10:8; 18:5. Nu. 6:22–27. 1 Ch. 23:13. by their word. See on ch. 17:8–12. Mal. 2:7. word. Heb. mouth.
6 wash their hands. Washing the hands was anciently a symbolical action, denoting that the person was innocent of the crime in question. Job 9:30. Ps. 19:12; 26:6; 51:2, 7, 14; 73:13. Je. 2:22. Mat. 27:24, 25. He. 9, 10.
7 Nu. 5:19–28. 2 Sa. 16:8. Job 21:21–23, 37–40. Ps. 7:3, 4.
8 lay not. Nu. 35:33. 2 Sa. 3:28. 2 Ki. 24:4. Ps. 19:12. Je. 26:15. Eze. 23:3, 24, 25. Jon. 1:14. Mat. 23:35. 1 Th. 2:15, 16. unto thy people. Heb. in the midst.
9 shalt thou. See on ch. 19:12, 13. when thou shalt. ch. 13:18. 2 Ki. 10:30, 31.
10 thou goest. ch. 20:10–16.
11 desire. Ge. 6:2; 12:14, 15; 29:18–20; 34:3, 8. Ju. 14:2, 3. Pr. 6:25; 31:10, 30. that. Nu. 31:18.
12 and she shall. This was in token of renouncing her religion, and becoming a proselyte to that of the Jews. This is still a custom in the East: when a Christian turns Mohammedan, his head is shaved, and he is carried through the city, crying, la eelah eela allah wemochammed resoolu’llahee, ‘There is no God but THE God, and Mohammed is the prophet of God.’ 1 Co. 11:6. Ep. 4:22. pare her nails. or, suffer to grow. Heb. make, or dress. Wëâsethah eth tzipparneyha, ‘and she shall make her nails;’ i.e. probably neither paring nor letting them grow, but dressing or beautifying them as the Eastern women still do by tinging them with the leaves of an odoriferous plant called alhenna, which HASSELQUIST (246) informs us, ‘grows in India and in upper and lower Egypt, flowering from May to August. The leaves are pulverised and made into a paste with water: they bind this paste on the nails of their hands and feet, and keep it on all night. This gives them a deep yellow, which is greatly admired by Eastern nations. The colour lasts for three or four weeks before there is occasion to renew it. The custom is so ancient in Egypt, that I have seen the nails of mummies dyed in this manner.’
13 and bewail. Ps. 45:10, 11. Lu. 14:26, 27.
14 thou shalt. Ex. 21:7–11. because thou. ch. 22:19, 24, 29. Ge. 34:2. Ju. 19:24.
15 two wives. Ge. 29:18, 20, 30, 31, 33. 1 Sa. 1:4, 5.
16 1 Ch. 5:2; 26:10. 2 Ch. 11:19–22; 21:3. Ro. 8:29. Phi. 4:8. He. 12:16, 17.
17 by giving. Ge. 25:5, 6, 32, 34. 1 Ch. 5:1, 2. that he bath. Heb. that is found with him. the beginning. Ge. 49:3. Ps. 105:36. the right. Ge. 25:31–34.
18 have a stubborn. Pr. 28:24; 30:11, 17. Is. 1:2. obey the voice. ch. 27:16. Ex. 20:12; 21:15, 17. Le. 19:3; 21:9. Pr. 15:5; 20:20. Eze. 22:7. when the. ch. 8:5. 2 Sa. 7:14. Pr. 13:24; 19:18; 22:15; 23:13, 14; 29:17. He. 12:9–11. will not. Is. 1:5. Je. 5:3; 31:18. Eze. 24:13. Am. 4:11, 12.
19 and bring. ver. 2; ch. 16:18; 25:7. Zec. 13:3.
20 he will not. Pr. 29:17. he is a glutton. Pr. 19:26; 20:1; 23:19–21, 29–35.
21 all the men. ch. 13:10, 11; 17:5. Le. 24:16. so shalt thou. ch. 13:5, 11; 19:19, 20; 22:21, 24. Israel. ch. 13:11.
22 worthy of death. Heb. of the judgment of eath. The Hebrews understand this not of putting to death by hanging, but of hanging a man up after he was stoned to death; which way done more ignominiously of some heinous malefactors. We have the examples of Rechab and Baanah, who, for murdering Ish-bosheth, were slain by David’s commandment, their hands and feet cut off, and then hanged up. 2 Sa. 4:12. See also Jos. 8:29; 10:26. So Nu. 25:4, we read, ‘And the Lord said unto Moses, Take all the heads (chief men) of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may be turned away from Israel.’ Among the Romans, in after ages, they hanged, or rather fastened to the tree ALIVE; and such was the cruel death of our blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, ch. 19:6; 22:26. 1 Sa. 26:16. Mat. 26:66. Ac. 23:29; 25:11, 25; 26:31. thou hang. 2 Sa. 21:6, 9. Lu. 23:33. Jno. 19:31–38.
23 he that is hanged is accursed of God. Heb. the curse of God. That is, it is the highest degree of reproach that can attach to a man, and proclaims him under the curse of God as much as any external punishment can. They that see him thus hanging between heaven and earth, will conclude him abandoned of both, and unworthy of either. Bp. PATRICK observes, that this passage is applied to the death of Christ; not only because he bare our sins and was exposed to shame, as these malefactors were that were accursed of God, but because he was in the evening taken down from the cursed tree and buried, (and that by the particular care of the Jews, with an eye to this law, Jno. 19:31,) in token, that now the guilt being removed, the law was satisfied, as it was when the malefactors had hanged till sun-set: it demanded no more. Then he, and those that are his, ceased to be a curse. And as the land of Israel was pure and clean when the body was buried, so the church is washed and cleansed by the complete satisfaction which Christ thus made. ch. 7:26. Nu. 25:4. Jos. 7:12. 2 Sa. 21:6. Ro. 9:3. Ga. 3:13. 1 Co. 16:22. 2 Co. 5:21. thy land. Le. 18:25. Nu. 35:33, 34.


  CHAP. 22

  Of humanity towards brethren, 1–4. The sex is to be distinguished by apparel, 5. The dam is not to be taken with her young ones, 6, 7. The house must have battlements, 8. Confusion is to be avoided, 9–11. Fringes upon the vesture, 12. The punishment of him that slanders his wife, 13–21. Of adultery, 22; of rape, 23–27; of fornication, 28, 29; of incest, 30.

1 Thou shalt. Ex. 23:4. Eze. 34:4, 16. Mat. 10:6; 15:24; 13:12, 13. Lu. 15:4–6. Ja. 5:19, 20. 1 Pe. 2:25. hide thyself. ver. 3, 4. Le. 20:4. Pr. 24:11; 28:27. Is. 8:17; 58:7. Lu. 10:31, 32.
2 thou shalt restore. Mat. 7:12. 1 Th. 4:6.
4 thou shalt surely. Ex. 23:4, 5. Mat. 5:44. Lu. 10:29–37. Ro. 15:1. 2 Co. 12:15. Ga. 6:1, 2. 1 Th. 5:14. He. 12:12, 13.
5 woman shall not. 1 Co. 11:4–15. abomination. See on ch. 18:12.
6 young ones. Lu. 12:6. thou shalt not. Ge. 8:17; 32:11. Le. 22:28. Pr. 12:10. Ho. 10:14.
7 But thou shalt. The extirpation of any species of birds, whether edible or birds of prey, is often attended with serious consequences, and is always productive of evil; to prevent which was the object of this law. Palestine is situated in a climate producing poisonous snakes and scorpions, and between deserts and mountains, from which it would be inundated by them, as well as with immense swarms of flies, locusts, and mice, if the birds which feed upon them were extirpated. In a moral point of view, it may have been intended to inculcate a spirit of mercy and kindness, and to prevent the exercise of cruelty even towards a sparrow; for he who is guilty of such cruelty will, if circumstances bo favourable, be cruel to his fellow-creatures. that it may. See on ch. 4:40. thou mayest. Pr. 22:4.
8 then thou shalt. The eastern houses being built with flat roofs, which were used for various purposes, as walking, sleeping, etc., it was therefore necessary to have a sort of battlement, or balustrade, to prevent accidents, by people falling off. Ex. 21:28–36; 22:6. Ro. 14:13. 1 Co. 10:32, Phi. 1:10. 1 Th. 5:22. thy roof. 2 Sa. 11:2. Is. 22:1. Je. 19:13. Mat. 10:27. Mar. 2:4. Ac. 10:9. thou bring. Eze. 3:18, 20; 32:2–9. Mat. 18:6, 7, Ac. 20:26, 27.
9 shalt not sow. Le. 19:19. Mat. 6:24; 9:16. Ro. 11:6. 2 Co. 1:12; 11:3. Ja. 1:6–8; 3:10. fruit of thy seed. Heb. fulness of thy seed.
10 Two different species cannot associate comfortably together, nor pull pleasantly either in cart or plough; and the ass being lower than the ox, when yoked, he must bear the principal part of the weight. 2 Co. 6:14–16.
11 Le. 19:19.
12 fringes. Nu. 15:38, 39. Mat. 23:5. quarters. Heb. wings.
13 Ge. 29:21, 23, 31. Ju. 15:1, 2. Ep. 5:28, 29.
14 ver. 19. Ex. 20:16; 23:1. Pr. 18:8, 21. 1 Ti. 5:14.
19 he may not put. ver. 29; ch. 24:1–4. Mat. 19:8, 9.
21 stone her. ver. 22, 24. ch. 13:10; 17:5; 21:21. Le. 24:16, 23. Nu. 15:35, 36. she hath wrought. Ge. 34:7. Le. 21:9. Ju. 20:6, 10. 2 Sa. 13:12, 13. shalt thou. ch. 13:5; 17:7; 19:19.
22 Le. 20:10. Nu. 5:22–27. Eze. 23:45–47. Jno. 8:4, 5. He. 13:4.
23 See on ch. 20:7. Mat. 1:18, 19.
24 and ye shall stone. In these laws, the betrothed damsel was considered as the wife of the man to whom she was engaged, though they had not come together; and therefore the crime was adjudged adultery. But a charitable supposition is admitted in the damsel’s favour, in case she was found in a solitary place, he hath humbled. ch. 21:14. Ge. 29:21. Mat. 1:20, 24. so thou shalt put. ver. 21, 22, 24. ch. 13:5. 1 Co. 5:2, 13.
25 force her, or, take strong hold of her. 2 Sa. 13:14.
26 no sin. See on ch. 21:22.
27 cried. 1 Co. 13:7.
28 See on Ex. 22:16, 17.
29 because he hath humbled. ver. 19, 24; ch. 21:14.
30 a man shall. This is to be understood as referring to the case of a stepmother. A man in his old age may have married a young woman, and on his dying, his son by another, or a former wife, may desire to espouse her; which is here forbidden. ch. 27:20. Le. 18:8; 20:11. 1 Co. 5:1, 13. discover. Ru. 3:9. Eze. 16:8.


  CHAP. 23

  Who may or may not enter into the congregation, 1–8. Uncleanness to be avoided in the host, 9–14. Of the fugitive servant, 15, 16. Of filthiness, 17. Of abominable sacrifices, 18. Of usury, 19. Of vows, 21–23. Of trespasses, 24, 25.

1 wounded. Le. 21:17–21; 22:22–24. Ga. 3:28. shall not enter. It is evident that this law was not meant to exclude such Israelites either from the common benefits of civil society, or any essential religious advantages; but merely to lay them under a disgraceful distinction. This would tend to discourage parents from thus treating their children; a practice which was exceedingly common in those ages and countries. To this they were induced by the custom which prevailed, of employing such in the houses of the great and the courts of princes; so that they often rose to the highest posts of honour and authority. Some expositors therefore consider the phrase, ‘shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord,’ as meaning, that they should be incapable of bearing any office in that government which was placed over the people of God, who must thus enter a protest against this custom, and deliver selfish parents from this temptation, ver. 2, 3, 8. Ne. 13:1–3. Is. 56:3, 4. La. 1:10.
2 Is. 57:3. Zec. 9:6. Jno. 8:41. He. 12:8.
3 Ammonite. These nations were subjected for their impiety, wickedness, and enmity to Israel, (ver. 4, 5,) to peculiar disgrace; and on this account were not permitted to hold any office among the Israelites. This did not, however, disqualify them from becoming proselytes; for Ruth, who was a Moabitess, was married to Boaz, and became one of the progenitors of our Lord. Ru. 4:6, 10–22. Ne. 4:3, 7; 13:1, 2, 23. Is. 56:3.
4 Because they met. ch. 2:28, 29. Ge. 14:17, 18. 1 Sa. 25:11. 1 Ki. 18:4. Is. 63:9. Zec. 2:8. Mat. 25:40. Ac. 9:4. because they hired. See on Nu. 22:5, 7, 17. Ne. 13:2.
5 Nevertheless. Nu. 22:35; 23:5–12, 16–26; 24:9. Mi. 6:5. Ro. 8:31. 2 Co. 4:17. because the. ch. 7:7, 8; 33:3. Ps. 73:1. Je. 31:3. Eze. 16:8. Mal. 1:2. Ro. 9:13; 11:28. Ep. 2:4, 5.
6 Thou shalt. 2 Sa. 8:2; 12:31. Ezr. 9:12. Ne. 13:23–25. prosperity. Heb. good.
7 he is thy. Ge. 25:24–26, 30. Nu. 20:14. Ob. 10–12. Mal. 1:2. because thou. ch. 10:19. Ge. 45:17, 18; 46:7; 47:6, 12, 27. Ex. 22:21; 23:9. Le. 19:34. Ps. 105:23. Ac. 7:10–18.
8 enter into. See on ver. 1. Ro. 3:29, 30. Ep. 2:12, 13. third generation. ver. 2, 3. Ex. 20:5, 6.
9 Jos. 6:18; 7:11–13. Ju. 20:26. 2 Ch. 19:4; 20:3–13; 31:20, 21; 32:1–22. Lu. 3:14. Re. 19:11–14.
10 Le. 15:16. Nu. 5:2, 3. 1 Co. 5:11–13.
11 when evening. Le. 11:25; 15:17–23. cometh on. Heb. turneth toward. wash himself. Le. 14:9; 15:5, 11, 13; 22:6. Ps. 51:2, 7. Eze. 36:25. Mat. 3:11. Lu. 11:38, 39. Ep. 5:26, 27. He. 9:9, 10; 10:22. 1 Pe. 3:21. Re. 1:5.
12 In such a vast camp as that of the Israelites, (See Notes on Nu. ch. 1; 2,) and indeed, as SCHEUCHZER remarks, in every well regulated camp, cleanliness is considered as indispensably necessary.
13 wilt ease thyself. Heb. sittest down. cover that. Eze. 24:6–8.
14 walketh. Ge. 17:1. Le. 26:12. 2 Co. 6:16. unclean thing. Heb. nakedness of any thing.
15 We cannot suppose that this law required the Israelites to entertain slaves who had robbed their masters, or left their service without cause; but such only as were cruelly treated, and fled to them for protection, especially from the neighbouring nations. To such they were commanded to afford shelter, and shew great kindness. 1 Sa. 30:15. Ob. 14. Phile. 10–19.
16 shall dwell. Is. 16:3, 4. Lu. 15:15–24. Tit. 3:2, 3. liketh him best. Heb, is good for him. then shalt not. Ex. 22:21; 23:9. Je. 7:6. Zec. 7:10. Mal. 3:5. Ja. 2:6.
17 There shall be, etc. The prohibition in the text, like many others, has no direct application to practices that were common among the Israelites at that time; but was intended to guard them against the enormities which were practised among the surrounding nations, ch. 22:21, 29. Le. 19:29. Pr. 2:16. whore. or, sodomitess. Ro. 1:26. sodomite. Ge. 19:4, 5. Ju. 19:22. 1 Ki. 14:24; 15:12; 22:46. 2 Ki. 23:7. Ro. 1:27, 28. 1 Co. 6:9. 1 Ti. 1:10.
18 hire. Eze. 16:33. dog. Ps. 22:16. Pr. 26:11. Is. 56:10, 11. Mat. 7:6. Phi. 3:2. 2 Pe. 2:22. Re. 22:15. any vow. See on ver. 21; ch. 12:6. Le. 7:16. Ps. 5:4–6. Is. 61:8. Hab. 1:13. Mal. 1:14.
19 Ex. 22:25. Le. 25:35–37. Ne. 5:1–7. Ps. 15:5. Eze. 18:7, 8, 13, 16–18; 22:12. Lu. 6:34, 35.
20 a stranger. ch. 14:21; 15:3. Le. 19:33, 34. that the. See on ch. 15:10. Pr. 19:17. Is. 1:19. Lu. 14:14. 1 Co. 15:58.
21 ver. 18. Ge. 28:20; 35:1–3. Le. 27:2, etc. Nu. 30:2, etc. Ps. 56:12; 66:13, 14; 76:11; 116:18. Ec. 5:4, 5. Jon. 1:16; 2:9. Na. 1:15.
23 That which. Nu. 30:2. Ju. 11:30, 31, 35. 1 Sa. 1:11. Ps. 66:13, 14; 116:18. Pr. 20:25. Ec. 5:4, 5. hast vowed. 1 Sa. 14:24. Je. 44:25–27. Mar. 6:22, 23. Ac. 23:12, 21.
24 thou mayest. Ro. 12:13. 1 Co. 10:26. He. 13:5.
25 then thou mayest. Mat. 12:1, 2. Mar. 2:23. Lu. 6:1, 2.


  CHAP. 24

  Of divorce, 1–4. A new married man goes not to war, 5. Of pledges, 6, 10–13. Of man-stealers, 7. Of leprosy, 8, 9. The hire is to be given, 14, 15. Of justice, 16. Of charity, 19–22.

1 hath taken. ch. 21:15; 22:13. Ex. 21:10. uncleanness. Heb. matter of nakedness. then let him. ver. 3. Je. 3:8. Mat. 5:31, 32; 19:7–9. Mar. 10:4–12. divorcement. Heb. cutting off. Is. 50:1. send her. ch. 22:19, 29. Mal. 2:16. Mat. 1:19. Lu. 16:18. 1 Co. 7:11, 12.
2 she may go. Le. 21:7, 14; 22:13. Nu. 30:9. Eze. 44:22. Mat. 5:32. Mar. 10:11. 1 Co. 7:15.
4 Her former. Je. 3:1. thou shalt. Le. 18:24–28. Jos. 22:17, 18.
5 a man. See on ch. 20:7. Ge. 2:24. Mat. 19:4–6. Mar. 10:6–9. 1 Co. 7:10–15. Ep. 5:28, 29. Tit. 2:4, 5. neither, etc. Heb. not any thing shall pass upon him. cheer up. Pr. 5:18. Ec. 9:9. 1 Co. 7:29.
6 shall take. Small hand-mills, which ground at one time only a sufficient quantity for a day’s consumption; hence they were forbidden to take either of the stones to pledge, because if they did, they would be deprived of the means of preparing their necessary food, and the family be without bread. On this account they are called in the text, a man’s life. The same reason holds good against receiving in pledge, or distraining for debt, any instrument of labour, by which men earn their livelihood. Ex. 22:26, 27. Re. 18:22. life. ch. 20:19. Ge. 44:30. Lu. 12:15.
7 found. Ex. 21:16. Eze. 27:13. 1 Ti. 1:10. Re. 18:13. then that. See on Ex. 21:16; 22:1–4. and thou shalt. See on ch. 19:19.
8 Le. ch. 13; 14. Mat. 8:4. Mar. 1:44. Lu. 5:14; 17:14.
9 Remember. Lu. 17:32. 1 Co. 10:6, 11. Miriam. Nu. 5:2; 12:10–15. 2 Ki. 7:3. 2 Ch. 26:20, 21.
10 When. See on ch. 15:8. lend thy brother any thing. Heb. lend the loan of any thing to thy brother.
12 ver. 17. Job 22:6; 24:3, 9.
13 deliver. Ex. 22:26, 27. Job 24:7, 8; 29:11–13; 31:16–20. Eze. 18:7, 12, 16; 33:15. Am. 2:8. 2 Ti. 1:16–18. the sun. ver. 15. 2 Co. 9:13, 14. Ep. 4:26. in his own raiment. The raiment here referred to was most likely the same as the hyke of the Arabs, a long kind of blanket, resembling a Highland plaid, generally about six yards in length, and five or six feet broad; in which they often carry their provisions, as well as wrap themselves in, in the day, and sleep in at night, it being their only substitute for a bed. How necessary, then, it was to restore the hyke to a poor man before the going down of the sun, that he might have something to repose on, will sufficiently appear from these considerations. shall be. ch. 6:25; 15:9, 10. Ge. 15:6. Ps. 106:30, 31; 112:9. Is. 58:8. Da. 4:27. Ja. 1:27; 2:13–23.
14 Le. 25:40–43. Job 24:10, 11; 31:13–15. Pr. 14:31; 22:16. Eze. 22:7. Am. 2:7; 4:1; 8:4. Mal. 3:5. Lu. 10:7.
15 At his. Le. 19:13. Pr. 3:27, 28. Je. 22:13. Mat. 20:8. Mar. 10:19. Ja. 5:4. setteth his heart upon it. Heb. lifteth his soul unto it. Ps. 24:4; 25:1; 86:4. lest he. ch. 15:9. Ex. 22:23, 24. Job 31:38; 34:28; 35:9. Pr. 22:22, 23; 23:10, 11. Is. 5:7. Ja. 5:4.
16 2 Ki. 14:5, 6. 2 Ch. 25:4. Je. 31:29, 30. Eze. 18:20.
17 pervert. ch. 16:19; 27:19. Ex. 22:21, 22; 23:2, 6, 9. 1 Sa. 12:3, 4. Job 22:8, 9; 29:11–17. Ps. 82:1–5; 94:3–6, 20, 21. Pr. 22:22, 23; 31:5. Ec. 5:8. Is. 1:23; 3:15; 33:15. Je. 5:28; 22:3. Eze. 22:7, 29. Am. 5:7–12. Mi. 2:1, 2; 7:3. Zec. 7:10. Mal. 3:5. Lu. 3:14. Ja. 2:6. nor take. See on Ex. 22:26, 27.
18 See on ver. 22; ch. 5:15; 15:15; 16:12.
19 When thou. Le. 19:9, 10; 23:22. Ru. 2:16. Ps. 41:1. it shall be. ver. 20, 21. See on ch. 14:29; 26:13. may bless. ch. 15:10. Job 31:16–22; 42:12. Ps. 41:1–3; 112:9. Pr. 11:24, 25; 14:21; 19:17. Is. 32:8; 58:7–11. Lu. 6:35, 38; 14:13, 14. 2 Co. 9:6–8. 1 Jno. 3:17–19.
20 go over the boughs again. Heb. bough it after thee.
21 gatherest. See on ver. 19. Le. 19:9, 10. afterward. Heb. after thee.
22 ver. 18. See on ch. 5:14, 15; 7:8. Is. 51:1. 2 Co. 8:8, 9. Ep. 5:1, 2. 1 Jno. 4:10, 11.


  CHAP. 25

  Stripes must not exceed forty, 1–3. The ox is not to be muzzled, 4. Of raising seed unto a brother, 5–10. Of the immodest woman, 11, 12. Of unjust weights and measures, 13–16. The memory of Amalek is to be blotted out, 17–19.

1 ch. 16:18–20; 17:8, 9; 19:17–19. Ex. 23:6, 7. 2 Sa. 23:3. 2 Ch. 19:6–10. Job 29:7–17. Ps. 58:1, 2; 82:2–4. Pr. 17:15; 31:8, 9. Is. 1:17, 23; 5:23; 11:4; 32:1, 2. Je. 21:12. Eze. 44:24. Mi. 3:1, 2. Hab. 1:4, 13. Mal. 3:18. Mat. 3:10.
2 Mat. 10:17; 27:26. Lu. 12:47, 48. Ac. 5:40; 16:22–24. 1 Pe. 2:20, 24.
3 not exceed. 2 Co. 11:24, 25. vile unto thee. That is, be beaten so cruelly, that, by retaining the marks, he become contemptible in the eyes of his brethren. Amendment, and not this, was the object of the punishment. We should hate and despise the sin, but not the sinner. Job 18:3. Lu. 15:30; 18:9–12. Ja. 2:2, 3.
4 shalt not. In Judea, as well as in Egypt, Greece, and Italy, they made use of beeves to tread out the corn; and the same mode of threshing still obtains in Arabia, Barbary, and other eastern countries, to the present day. The sheaves lie open and expanded on the threshing floors, and the cattle continually move round them, and thus tread out the grain. The natives of Aleppo still religiously observe the ancient humane practice, inculcated by this law, of permitting the oxen to remain unmuzzled when treading out the corn. muzzle. Pr. 12:10. 1 Co. 9:9, 10. 1 Ti. 5:17, 18. treadeth out. Heb. thresheth. Is. 28:27. Ho. 10:11.
5 brethren. Mat. 22:24. Mar. 12:19. Lu. 20:28. husband’s brother. or, next kinsman. Ge. 38:8, 9. Ru. 1:12, 13; 3:9; 4:5.
6 the first-born. Ge. 38:8–10. that his name. ch. 9:14; 29:20. Ru. 4:10, etc. Ps. 9:5; 109:13. brother’s wife. or, next kinsman’s wife, go up. ch. 21:19. Ru. 4:1–7.
8 I like not. Ru. 4:6.
9 loose his shoe. Pulling off the shoe seems to express his being degraded to the situation of slaves, who generally went barefoot; and spitting in, or rather before, (biphney) his face, was a mark of the utmost ignominy. Ru. 4:7, 8. Is. 20:2. Mar. 1:7. Jno. 1:27. spit. Nu. 12:14. Job 30:10. Is. 50:6. Mat. 26:67; 27:30. Mar. 10:34. So shall. Ge. 38:8–10. Ru. 4:10, 11. 1 Sa. 2:30.
11 to deliver her husband. Ro. 3:8. 1 Ti. 2:9.
12 See on ch. 19:13, 21.
13 in thy bag. Le. 19:35, 36. Pr. 11:1; 16:11; 20:10. Eze. 45:10, 11. Am. 8:5. Mi. 6:11, 12. divers weights. Heb. a stone and a stone. Aiven-wäaiven; because weights were anciently made of stone. Hence the expression, a stone weight, which is still in use, though the matter of which it is made be lead or iron; and the name itself shews us that a stone of a certain weight was formerly used.
14 divers measures. Heb. an ephah and an ephah.—Aiphah wäaiphah; for this was the most common measure among the Israelites, by which all the others were made and adjusted. They are not only forbidden to use divers weights and measures, one large or heavy to buy with, and another small or light to sell with, but they were not even allowed to keep such in the house. It is observable also, that these too common but dishonest actions are branded as ‘an abomination to the Lord,’ equally with idolatry, and other scandalous crimes.
15 that thy days. ch. 4:40; 5:16, 33; 6:18; 11:9; 17:20. Ex. 20:12. Ps. 34:12. Ep. 6:3. 1 Pe. 3:10.
16 all that do. ch. 18:12; 22:5. Pr. 11:1; 20:23. Am. 8:5–7. 1 Co. 6:9–11. 1 Th. 4:6. Re. 21:27.
17 Ex. 17:8, etc. Nu. 24:20; 25:17, 18.
18 feared. Ne. 5:9, 15. Ps. 36:1. Pr. 16:6. Ro. 3:18.
19 when the. Jos. 23:1. thou shalt. ch. 9:14. Ex. 17:14, 16. Ju. 6:3; 7:12, 22–25. 1 Sa. 14:48; ch. 15; 27:8; 30:1–7. 1 Ch. 4:43. Es. 3:1; 7:10; 9:7–10. Ps. 83:7–17.


  CHAP. 26

  The confession of him that offers the basket of first-fruits, 1–11. The prayer of him that gives his third year’s tithes, 12–15. The covenant between God and his people, 16–19.

1 ch. 5:31; 6:1–10; 7:1; 13:1, 9; 17:14; 18:9. Nu. 15:2, 18.
2 That thou shalt. ch. 16:10; 18:4. Ex. 23:16, 19; 34:26. Le. 2:12, 14. Nu. 18:12, 13. 2 Ki. 4:42. 2 Ch. 31:5. Ne. 10:35–37; 12:44; 13:31. Pr. 3:9, 10. Je. 2:3. Eze. 20:40; 44:30; 48:14. Ro. 8:23; 11:16; 16:5. 1 Co. 15:20, 23; 16:2. Ja. 1:18. Re. 14:4. go unto. See on ch. 12:5, 6. Jos. 18:1. 2 Ch. 6:6.
3 the priest. ch. 19:17. He. 7:26; 10:21; 13:15. 1 Pe. 2:5. which the. Ge. 17:8; 26:3. Ps. 105:9, 10. Lu. 1:72, 73. He. 6:16–18.
4 before the. Mat. 5:23, 24; 23:19. He. 13:10–12.
5 A Syrian. Jacob being called a Syrian from his long residence in Padan-aram. Ge. 24:4; 25:20; 28:5; 31:20, 24. Ho. 12:12. ready. Ge. 27:41; 31:40; 43:1, 2, 12; 45:7, 11. Is. 51:1, 2. he went down. Ge. 46:1–7. Ps. 105:23, 24. Ac. 7:15. a few. ch. 7:7. Ge. 46:27. Ex. 1:5. became. See on ch. 10:22. Ge. 47:27. Ex. 1:7, 12.
6 ch. 4:20. Ex. 1:11, 14, 16, 22; 5:9, 19, 23.
7 we cried. Ex. 2:23–25; ch. 3; 4; 6:5. Ps. 50:15; 103:1, 2; 116:1–4. Je. 33:2. Ep. 3:20, 21. looked. Ex. 4:31. 1 Sa. 9:16. 2 Sa. 16:12. Ps. 102:19, 20; 119:132.
8 the Lord. See on ch. 4:34; 5:15. Ex. 12:37, 41, 51; 13:3, 16; 14:16, etc. Ps. 78:12, 13; 105:27–38; 106:7–10. Is. 63:12. with great. ch. 4:34.
9 he hath. Jos. 23:14. 1 Sa. 7:12. Ps. 105:44; 107:7, 8. Ac. 26:22. a land. Ex. 3:8. Eze. 20:6, 15.
10 I have. See on ver. 2; ch. 26:17. 1 Ch. 29:14. Ro. 2:1. 1 Pe. 4:10, 11. And thou. ver. 4; ch. 18:4. Ex. 22:29. Nu. 18:11–13. and worship. ch. 6:10–13. Ps. 22:27, 29; 86:9; 95:6. Pr. 3:9. Is. 66:23. Re. 22:9. 1 Co. 10:31.
11 rejoice. See on ch. 12:7, 12, 18; 16:11; 28:47. Ps. 63:3–5; 100:1, 2. Is. 65:14. Zec. 9:17. Ac. 2:46, 47. Phi. 4:4. 1 Ti. 6:17, 18. the Levite. 1 Co. 9:11.
12 the tithes. Le. 27:30. Nu. 18:24. the third. See on ch. 14:22–29. hast given it. ch. 12:17–19; 16:14. Pr. 14:21. Phi. 4:18, 19.
13 Levite. ver. 12; ch. 14:29; 24:19–21. Job 31:16–20. I have not. Ps. 18:21–24; 26:1–3, 6. Ac. 24:16. 2 Co. 1:12; 11:31. 1 Th. 2:10. 1 Jno. 3:17–22. forgotten. Ps. 119:93, 139, 141, 153, 176. Pr. 3:1.
14 eaten. ch. 16:11. Le. 7:20; 21:1, 11. Ho. 9:4. Mal. 2:13. the dead. Ps. 106:28. Eze. 24:17.
15 Look down. See on ver. 7. 1 Ki. 8:27, 43. Ps. 102:19, 20. Is. 57:15; 61:1; 63:15; 66:1, 2. Zec. 2:13. Mat. 6:9. Ac. 7:49. bless thy. Ps. 28:9; 51:18; 90:17; 115:12–15; 137:5, 6. Je. 31:23. as thou. He. 6:13–18.
16 This day. See on ch. 4:1–6; 6:1; 11:1, 8; 12:1, 32. Mat. 28:20. keep. ch. 6:5, 17; 8:2; 13:3, 4. Jno. 14:15, 21–24. 1 Jno. 5:2, 3.
17 avouched. ch. 5:2, 3. Ex. 15:2; 20:19; 24:7. 2 Ch. 34:31. Is. 12:2; 44:5. Zec. 13:9. Ac. 27:23. Ro. 6:13. 1 Co. 6:19, 20. 2 Co. 8:5. and to. See on ch. 10:12, 13; 13:4, 5; 30:16. Jos. 22:5. 1 Ki. 2:3, 4. to keep. Ps. 147:19, 20. hearken. ch. 13:18; 15:5.
18 And the. ch. 7:6; 14:2; 28:9. Ex. 6:7; 19:5, 6. Je. 31:32–34. Eze. 36:25–27. Tit. 2:14. keep. Ps. 119:6. Ro. 16:26.
19 high above. ch. 4:7, 8; 28:1. Ps. 148:14. Is. 62:12; 66:20, 21. Je. 13:11; 33:9. Eze. 16:12–14. Zep. 3:19. 1 Pe. 2:5. Re. 1:5, 6. an holy. ch. 7:6; 28:9. Ex. 19:6. 1 Pe. 2:9.


  CHAP. 27

  The people are commanded to write the law upon stones, 1–4, and to build an altar of whole stones, 5–10. The tribes to be divided on Gerizim and Ebal, 11–13. The curses to be pronounced on mount Ebal, 14–26.

1 Keep all. See on ch. 4:1–3; 11:32; 26:16. Lu. 11:28. Jno. 15:14. 1 Th. 4:1, 2. Ja. 2:10.
2 on the day. ch. 6:1; 9:1; 11:31. Jos. 1:11; 4:1, 5, etc. unto the. ver. 3; ch. 26:1. great stones. Eze. 11:19; 36:26. and plaister. HOUBIGANT and others are of opinion that the original words, wesadta othom beseed, should be rendered ‘thou shalt cement them with cement,’ because this was intended to be a durable monument. Some suppose that the writing was to be in relievo, and that the spaces were to be filled up by the mortar or cement; as is frequently the case with eastern inscriptions.
3 thou shalt. Jos. 8:32. Je. 31:31–33. 2 Co. 3:2, 3. He. 8:6–10; 10:16. this law. This law probably means only the blessings and curses mentioned in this and the following chapter; which indeed contain an epitome of the whole law. a land. See on ch. 6:8; 26:9. Le. 20:24. Nu. 13:27; 14:8. Jos. 5:6. Je. 11:5; 32:22.
4 in mount Ebal. The Samaritan text has in mount Gerizim; which has given rise to a violent controversy. Dr. KENNICOTT supposes that the Jews corrupted this passage out of their enmity to the Samaritans, who had their temple on mount Gerizim; while Dr. PARRY and H. VERSCHUIR defend the present reading: to the writings of these authors the reader is referred. ch. 11:29, 30. Jos. 8:30–33.
5 And there. Ex. 24:4. Jos. 8:30, 31. 1 Ki. 18:31, 32. thou shalt not. Ex. 20:25.
6 burnt offerings. See on Le. ch. 1. Ep. 5:2.
7 peace offerings. See on Le. ch. 3; 7:11–17. Ac. 10:36. Ro. 5:1, 10. Ep. 2:16, 17. Col. 1:20. He. 13:20, 21. rejoice. See on ch. 12:7, 12; 16:11, 14; 26:10, 11. 2 Ch. 30:23–27. Ne. 8:10. Ps. 100:1, 2. Is. 12:3; 61:3, 10. Hab. 3:18. Phi. 3:3; 4:4.
8 thou shalt. See on ver. 3. very plainly. Hab. 2:2. Jno. 16:25. 2 Co. 3:12.
9 this day. See on ch. 26:16–18. Ro. 6:17, 18, 22. 1 Co. 6:9–11. Ep. 5:8, 9. 1 Pe. 2:10, 11.
10 See on ch. 10:12, 13; 11:1, 7, 8. Le. 19:2. Mi. 4:5; 6:8. Mat. 5:48. Ep. 4:17–24. 1 Pe. 1:14–16; 4:1–3.
12 upon mount Gerizim. Mount Gerizim and mount Ebal being only separated by a narrow valley, not above a furlong broad, what was spoken with a loud voice on the one might be heard on the other, (See Ju. 9:7.) It is probable, however, that the particle âl should be rendered by, as it frequently signifies; for when this direction was reduced to practice, (Jos. 8:33,) it seems that the people did not stand on the mountains, but over against them in the plain. But the Talmud says, that six tribes went up on each, while the priests and Levites and the ark remained beneath. ch. 11:26–29. Jos. 8:33, 34. Jn. 9:7. Simeon. Ge. 29:33–35; 30:18, 24; 35:18.
13 mount Ebal. See on ver. 4; ch. 11:29. Jos. 8:33. to curse. Heb. for a cursing. Reuben. Ge. 29:32; 30:6–13, 20; 49:3, 4.
14 ch. 33:9, 10. Jos. 8:33. Ne. 8:7, 8. Da. 9:11. Mal. 2:7–9.
15 Cursed be. ch. 28:16–19. Ge. 9:25. 1 Sa. 26:19. Je. 11:3. maketh. See on ch. 4:16–23; 5:8. Ex. 20:4, 23; 32:1–4; 34:17. Le. 19:4; 26:1. Is. 44:9, 10, 17. Ho. 13:2, 3. an abomination. ch. 29:17. 1 Ki. 11:5–7. 2 Ki. 23:13. 2 Ch. 33:2. Is. 44:19. Eze. 7:20. Da. 11:31. Mat. 24:15. Re. 17:4, 5. and putteth. Ge. 31:19, 34. 2 Ki. 17:19. Ps. 44:20, 21. Je. 23:24. Eze. 8:7–12; 14:4. And all. See on Nu. 5:22. Je. 11:5; 28:6. Mat. 6:13. 1 Co. 14:16. Amen. To each of the curses the people were to say Amen, as well as to the blessings; to denote a profession of their faith in the truth of them, that they were the real declarations of the wrath of God; and an acknowledgment of the equity of these curses. It was such an imprecation upon themselves, as strongly obliged them to have nothing to do with those evil practices on which the curse is entailed. We read of those who entered into a curse to walk in God’s law. Ne. 10:29. All the people, by saying this Amen, became bound one for another, that they would observe God’s laws, by which every man was obliged, as far as he could, to prevent his neighbour from breaking these laws, and to reprove those that had offended, lest they should bear sin and the curse for them.
16 ch. 21:18–21. Ex. 20:12; 21:17. Le. 19:3. Pr. 30:11–17. Eze. 22:7. Mat. 15:4–6.
17 ch. 19:14. Pr. 22:28; 23:10, 11.
18 See on Le. 19:14. Job 29:15. Pr. 28:10. Is. 56:10. Mat. 15:14. Re. 2:14.
19 See on ch. 10:18; 24:17. Ex. 22:21–24; 23:2, 8, 9. Ps. 82:2–4. Pr. 17:23; 31:5. Mi. 3:9. Mal. 3:5.
20 ch. 22:30. Ge. 35:22; 49:4. Le. 18:8; 20:11. 2 Sa. 16:22. 1 Ch. 5:1. Eze. 22:10. Am. 2:7. 1 Co. 5:1.
21 Ex. 22:19. Le. 18:23; 20:15.
22 Le. 18:9; 20:17. 2 Sa. 13:1, 8–14. Eze. 22:11.
23 Le. 18:17; 20:14.
24 ch. 19:11, 12. Ex. 20:13; 21:12–14. Le. 24:17. Nu. 35:31. 2 Sa. 3:27; 11:15–17; 12:9–12; 13:28; 20:9, 10.
25 ch. 10:17; 16:19. Ex. 23:7, 8. Ps. 15:5. Pr. 1:11–29. Eze. 22:12, 13. Mi. 3:10, 11; 7:2, 3. Mat. 26:15; 27:3, 4. Ac. 1:18.
26 Cursed. See on ver. 15; ch. 28:15, etc. Ps. 119:21. Mat. 25:41. 1 Co. 16:22. confirmeth. Je. 11:3–5. Eze. 18:24. Ro. 3:19, 20; 10:5. Ga. 3:10.


  CHAP. 28

  The blessings for obedience, 1–14. The curses for disobedience, 15–68.

1 If thou shalt. See on ch. 11:13; 15:5; 27:1. Ex. 15:26. Le. 26:3, etc. Ps. 106:3; 111:10. Is. 1:19; 3:10; 55:2, 3. Je. 11:4; 12:16; 17:24. Lu. 11:28. to do all. Ps. 119:6, 128. Lu. 1:6. Jno. 15:14. Ga. 3:10. Ja. 2:10, 11. will set. See on ch. 26:19. Ps. 91:14; 148:14. Lu. 9:48. Ro. 2:7.
2 come on thee. ver. 15, 45. Zec. 1:6. 1 Ti. 4:8.
3 in the city. Ps. 107:36, 37; 128:1–5; 144:12–15. Is. 65:21–23. Zec. 8:3–5. in the field. Ge. 26:12; 39:5. Am. 9:13, 14. Hag. 2:19. Mal. 3:10, 11.
4 ver. 11; ch. 7:13. Ge. 22:17; 49:25. Le. 26:9. Ps. 107:38; 127:3; 128:3. Pr. 10:22; 13:22; 20:7. 1 Ti. 4:8.
5 thy basket. By basket, may be understood the olive-gathering and vintage, in which it was employed; and by the store or remainder, all laid up for future use, or prepared for present consumption. store. or, dough, or kneading troughs.
6 ch. 31:2. Nu. 27:17. 2 Sa. 3:25. 2 Ch. 1:10. Ps. 121:8.
7 shall cause. ver. 25; ch. 32:30. Le. 26:7, 8. 2 Sa. 22:38–41. Ps. 89:23. flee before. Jos. 8:22; 10:10, 11, 42. 1 Sa. 7:3, 4, 10, 11. 2 Ch. 14:2–6, 9–15; 19:4; 20:22–25; 31:20, 21; 32:21, 22.
8 command. Le. 25:21. Ps. 42:8; 44:4; 133:3. storehouses. or, barns. Le. 26:4, 5, 10. 2 Ki. 6:27. Ps. 144:13. Pr. 3:9, 10. Hag. 2:19. Mal. 3:10, 11. Mat. 6:26; 13:30. Lu. 12:18, 24, 25. settest. ch. 15:10.
9 establish. See on ch. 7:6; 26:18, 19; 29:13. Ge. 17:7. Ex. 19:5, 6. Ps. 87:5. Is. 1:26; 62:12. 2 Th. 3:3. Tit. 2:14. 1 Pe. 2:9–11; 5:10. sworn. See on ch. 7:8; 13:17; 29:12. Ex. 19:5, 6. Je. 11:5. He. 6:13–18.
10 And all. Mal. 3:12. called. Nu. 6:27. 2 Ch. 7:14. Is. 63:19. Da. 9:18, 19. and they shall. See on ch. 4:6–8; 11:25. Ex. 12:33; 14:25. Jos. 5:1. 1 Sa. 18:12–15, 28, 29. 1 Ch. 14:17. Je. 33:9. Re. 3:9.
11 plenteous. See on ver. 4; ch. 30:9. Le. 26:9. Pr. 10:22. in goods. or, for good. body. Heb. belly. Job 19:17. Ps. 132:11, margins.
12 open. ch. 11:14. Le. 26:4. Job 38:22. Ps. 65:9–13; 135:7. Joel 2:23, 24. to bless all. ch. 14:29; 15:10. lend. ver. 44; ch. 15:6. Pr. 22:7.
13 the head. Nu. 24:18, 19. Is. 9:14, 15. if that thou. See on ver. 1; ch. 4:6–9. Phi. 1:27.
14 thou shalt. See on ch. 5:32; 11:16, 26–28. Jos. 23:6. 2 Ki. 22:2. Pr. 4:26, 27. the right. Is. 30:21.
15 if thou wilt. Le. 26:14, etc. La. 2:17. Da. 9:11–13. Mal. 2:2. Ro. 2:8, 9. all these curses. The same variety of expression is used in these terrible curses, as in the preceding blessings, to intimate every kind of prosperity or adversity, personal, relative, and public. Consulting the marginal references will generally lead to the best exposition of the terms employed; and will frequently point out the fulfilment of the promises and threatenings. See on ver. 2; ch. 27:15–26; 29:20. Is. 3:11. Ga. 3:10.
16 in the city. See on ver. 3, etc. Pr. 3:33. Is. 24:6–12; 43:28. Je. 9:11; 26:6; 44:22. La. 1:1; 2:11–22; 4:1–13. Mal. 2:2; 4:6. in the field. ver. 55. Ge. 3:17, 18; 4:11, 12; 5:29; 8:21, 22. 1 Ki. 17:1, 5, 12. Je. 14:2–5, 18. La. 5:10. Joel 1:4, 8–18; 2:3. Am. 4:6–9. Hag. 1:9–11; 2:16, 17. Mal. 3:9–12.
17 See on ver. 5. Ps. 69:22. Pr. 1:32. Hag. 1:6. Zec. 5:3, 4. Mal. 2:2. Lu. 16:25.
18 the fruit of thy body. See on ver. 4; ch. 5:9. Job 18:16–19. Ps. 109:9–15. La. 2:11, 12, 20. Ho. 9:11–14. Mal. 2:3. Lu. 23:29, 30. thy land. See on ver. 16. Le. 26:19, 20, 26. Hab. 3:17.
19 See on ver. 6. Ju. 5:6, 7. 2 Ch. 15:5.
20 send. Ps. 7:11. Mal. 2:2. vexation. 1 Sa. 14:20. Ps. 80:4–16. Is. 28:19; 30:17; 51:20; 66:15. Zec. 14:12, 13. Jno. 3:36. 1 Th. 2:16. for to do. Heb. which thou wouldest do. until thou be. See on ch. 4:26. Le. 26:31–33, 38. Jos. 23:16.
21 Ex. 5:3. Le. 26:25. Nu. 14:12; 16:46–49; 25:9. 2 Sa. 24:15. Je. 15:2; 16:4; 21:6, 7; 24:10. Mat. 26:7.
22 a consumption. See on Le. 26:16. 2 Ch. 6:28. Je. 14:12. sword. or, drought. blasting. 1. Ki. 8:37. Am. 4:9. Hag. 2:17.
23 The language here is remarkable: ‘Thy heaven;’ that part of the atmosphere which was over Judea, instead of being replenished with aqueous vapours, should become, with respect to moisture, like brass: and consequently their land would become as hard as iron, and wholly incapable of cultivation; while the clouds might give showers in abundance, and the earth be moist and fruitful in other regions. Le. 26:19. 1 Ki. 17:1; 18:2. Je. 14:1–6. Am. 4:7.
24 make the rain. This was a natural consequence of their heaven’s being brass, or yielding no rain; for the surface of the earth being reduced to powder, and frequently taken up by strong winds, would fall down in showers instead of rain. These showers of sand frequently, in the East, bury whole caravans. ver. 12. Ge. 19:24. Job 18:15–21. Is. 5:24. Am. 4:11.
25 cause thee. See on ver. 7; ch. 32:30. Le. 26:17, 36, 37. Is. 30:17. removed. Heb. for a removing. Je. 15:2–9; 24:9; 29:18; 34:17. Eze. 23:46. Lu. 21:24.
26 1 Sa. 17:44–46. Ps. 79:1–3. Is. 34:3. Je. 7:33; 8:1; 16:4; 19:7; 34:20. Eze. 39:17–20.
27 the botch. ver. 35. Ex. 9:9, 11; 15:26. emerods. 1 Sa. 5:6, 9, 12. Ps. 78:66. scab. Le. 13:2–8; 21:20. Is. 3:17.
28 1 Sa. 16:14. Ps. 60:3. Is. 6:9, 10; 19:11–17; 43:19. Je. 4:9. Eze. 4:17. Lu. 21:25, 26. Ac. 13:41. 2 Th. 2:9–11.
29 grope. Job 5:14; 12:25. Ps. 69:23, 24. Is. 59:10. La. 5:17. Zep. 1:17. Ro. 11:7–10, 25. 2 Co. 4:3, 4. thou shalt be. Ju. 3:14; 4:2, 3; 6:1–6; 10:8; 13:1. 1 Sa. 13:5–7, 19–22. Ne. 9:26–29, 37. Ps. 106:40–42. La. 5:8. Lu. 21:24.
30 betroth. ch. 20:6, 7. Job 31:10. Je. 8:10. Ho. 4:2. build. Job 31:8. Is. 5:9, 10; 65:21, 22. Je. 12:13. La. 5:2. Am. 5:11. Mi. 6:15. Zep. 1:13. gather. Heb. profane, or, use it as common meat. ch. 20:6, marg.
31 ox. Ju. 6:1. Job 1:14, 15. be restored to thee. Heb. return to thee.
32 sons. In several countries, particularly in Spain and Portugal, the children of the Jews have been taken from them, by order of the government, to be educated in the Popish faith. ver. 18, 41. Nu. 21:29. 2 Ch. 29:9. Ne. 5:2–5. Je. 15:7–9; 16:2–4. Eze. 24:25. Joel 3:6. Am. 5:27. Mi. 4:10. fail. ver. 65. Job 11:20; 17:5. Ps. 69:3; 119:82, 123. Is. 38:14. La. 2:11; 4:17; 5:17.
33 The fruit. See on ver. 30, 51. Le. 26:16. Ne. 9:36, 37. Is. 1:7. Je. 5:17; 8:16. thou shalt be. See on ver. 29. Je. 4:17.
34 See on ver. 28, 68. Is. 33:14. Je. 25:15, 16. Re. 16:10, 11.
35 botch. ver. 27. Job 2:6, 7. Is. 1:6; 3:17, 24.
36 bring thee. 2 Ki. 17:4–6; 24:12–15; 25:6, 7, 11. 2 Ch. 33:11; 36:6, 17, 20. Is. 39:7. Je. 22:11, 12, 24–27; 24:8–10; 39:5–7; 52:8–11. La. 4:20. Eze. 12:12, 13. there shalt thou. The Israelites, who were carried captive by the Assyrians, and many of the Jews in Chaldea, were finally incorporated with the nations among whom they lived, and were given up to their idolatry. It is probable, however, that this refers to Jews being compelled, in Popish countries, to conceal their religion, and profess that of the Romish church. ver. 64. See on ch. 4:28. Je. 16:13. Eze. 20:32, 33, 39.
37 become. See on ver. 28; ch. 29:22–28. 1 Ki. 9:7, 8. 2 Ch. 7:20. Ps. 44:13, 14. Je. 24:9; 25:9. Joel 2:17. marg. Zec. 8:13. a proverb. The name of Jew has long been a proverbial mark of detestation and contempt among all the nations whither they have been dispersed, and is so to this day, whether among Christians, Mohammedans, or Pagans.
38 shalt carry. Is. 5:10. Mi. 6:15. Hag. 1:6. for the locust. Ex. 10:14, 15. Joel 1:4; 2:3, 25. Am. 4:9; 7:1, 2.
39 for the worms. Joel 1:4–7; 2:2–4. Jon. 4:7.
40 anoint thyself. Ps. 23:5; 104:15. Mi. 6:15.
41 thou shalt not enjoy them. Heb. they shall not be thine. for. See on ver. 32. 2 Ki. 24:14. La. 1:5.
42 thy trees. See on ver. 38, 39. Am. 7:1, 2. consume. or, possess.
43 Ju. 2:3, 11–15; 4:2, 3; 10:7–10; 14:4; 15:11, 12. 1 Sa. 13:3–7, 19–23. 2 Ki. 17:20, 23; 24:14–16. Jno. 18:31; 19:15.
44 See on ver. 12, 13. La. 1:5.
45 Moreover. See on ver. 5, 15; ch. 29:20, 21. Le. 26:28. 2 Ki. 17:20. Pr. 13:21. Is. 1:20; 65:14, 15. Je. 24:9, 10. La. 2:15–17. Eze. 7:15; 14:21. because. See on ch. 11:27, 28. Ps. 119:21. Je. 7:22–25.
46 a sign. ver. 37, 59; ch. 29:20, 28. Is. 8:18. Je. 19:8; 25:18. Eze. 14:8; 23:32, 33; 36:20. 1 Co. 10:11.
47 See on ch. 12:7–12; 16:11; 32:13–15. Ne. 9:35. 1 Ti. 6:17–19.
48 serve. 2 Ch. 12:8. Ne. 9:35–37. Je. 5:19; 17:4. Eze. 17:3, 7, 12. in hunger. Je. 44:17, 18, 22, 27. La. 5:2–6. Eze. 4:16, 17. a yoke. Is. 47:6. Je. 27:12, 13; 28:13, 14. Mat. 11:29.
49 bring a nation. Though the Chaldeans are frequently described under the figure of an eagle, yet these verses especially predict the desolations brought on the Jews by the Romans; who came from a country far more distant than Chaldea; whose conquests were as rapid as the eagle’s flight, and whose standard bore this very figure; who spake a language to which the Jews were then entire strangers, being wholly unlike the Hebrew, of which the Chaldee was merely a dialect; whose appearance and victories were terrible; and whose yoke was a yoke of iron, and the havoc which they made tremendous. Nu. 24:24. Is. 5:26–30. Je. 5:15–17. Da. 6:22, 23; 9:26. Hab. 1:6, 7. Lu. 19:43, 44. as the eagle. Je. 4:13; 48:40; 49:22. La. 4:19. Eze. 17:3, 12. Ho. 8:1. Mat. 24:28. a nation whose. Je. 5:15. Eze. 3:6. 1 Co. 14:21. understand. Heb. hear.
50 of fierce countenance. Heb. strong of face. Pr. 7:13. Ec. 8:1, margins. Da. 7:7; 8:23. shall not. 2 Ch. 36:17. Is. 47:6. Ho. 13:13. Lu. 19:44; 21:23, 24.
51 the fruit. See on ver. 33. Is. 1:7; 62:8; 62:8. which also. Le. 26:26. Je. 15:13; 17:3. Eze. 12:19. Hab. 3:16, 17.
52 Le. 26:25. 2 Ki. 17:1–6; 18:13; 24:10, 11; 25:1–4. Is. 1:7; 62:8. Je. 21:4–7; 37:8; 39:1–3; 52:4–7. Eze. 4:1–8. Da. 9:26. Zec. 12:2; 14:2. Mat. 22:7; 24:15, 16. Lu. 19:43, 44; 21:20–24.
53 the fruit. ver. 18, 55, 57. Le. 26:29. 2 Ki. 6:28, 29. Je. 19:9. La. 2:20; 4:10. Eze. 5:10. Mat. 24:19. body. Heb. belly.
54 his eye. ch. 15:9. Pr. 23:6; 28:22. Mat. 20:15. and toward. The Roman armies at length beseiged, sacked, and utterly desolated Jerusalem: and during this seige, the famine was so extreme, that even rich and delicate persons, both men and women, ate their own children, and concealed the horrible repast, lest others should tear it from them! ‘Women snatched the food out of the very mouths of their husbands, and sons of their fathers, and (what is most miserable) mothers of their infants.’ ‘In every house, if there appeared any semblance of food, a battle ensued, and the dearest friends and relations fought with one another; snatching away the miserable provisions of life.’ ‘A woman distinguished by birth and wealth, after she had been plundered by the tyrants (or soldiers) of all her possessions, boiling her own sucking child, ate half of him, and concealing the other half, reserved it for another time!’ ch. 13:6. 2 Sa. 12:3. Mi. 7:5. his children. Ps. 103:13. Is. 49:15. Mat. 7:9–11. Lu. 11:11–13.
55 in the siege. Je. 5:10; 34:2; 52:6.
56 and delicate. Is. 3:16. La. 4:3–6. her eye shall be evil. See on ver. 54.
57 young one. Heb. after-birth. Cometh out. Ge. 49:10. Is. 49:15. for she shall. ver. 53.
58 If thou wilt. See on ver. 15. Le. 26:14, 15. Je. 7:9, 10, 26–28. fear this glorious. ch. 6:13. Ex. 3:14, 15; 6:2, 3; 20:2; 34:5–7. Ne. 9:5. Ps. 50:7; 72:19; 83:18. Is. 41:10; 42:8. Je. 5:12. Mat. 10:28. He. 10:30, 31; 12:28, 29.
59 ver. 46; ch. 29:20–28; 31:17, 18; 32:22, 26. 1 Ki. 9:7–9; 16:3, 4. La. 1:9, 12; 4:12. Da. 9:12. Ho. 3:4. Mar. 13:19.
60 See on ch. 7:15. Ex. 15:26.
61 bring upon thee. Heb. cause to ascend.
62 few in number. In the siege of Jerusalem there died 1,100,000 persons, and more than 90,000 were carried captive; and, having afterwards provoked the Romans by their crimes and rebellions, they persecuted them nearly to extirpation; to which, if the tens of thousands which were slaughtered year after year in every country be added, it appears wonderful that there were any remains left. ch. 4:27. Le. 26:22. 2 Ki. 13:7; 24:14. Ne. 7:4. Is. 1:9; 24:6. Je. 42:2; 52:28–30. Mar. 13:20. Ro. 9:27–29. as the stars. See on ch. 10:22. Ne. 9:23. Ro. 9:27.
63 rejoiced over. ch. 30:9. Is. 62:5. Je. 32:41. Mi. 7:18. Zep. 3:17. Lu. 15:6–10, 23, 24, 32. rejoice over. Pr. 1:26. Is. 1:24. Eze. 5:13; 33:11. plucked from. ch. 7:22, marg. Je. 12:14, 15; 18:7; 24:6; 31:28, 40; 42:10. Da. 7:8.
64 scatter. See on ch. 4:27, 28. Le. 26:33. Ne. 1:8. Je. 16:13; 50:17. Eze. 11:16, 17. Lu. 21:24. there thou shalt. ver. 36. Je. 16:13.
65 among. After the conquest of their country by the Romans, Hadrian, by a public decree, ratified by the senate, forbad any Jew to come even within sight of Judea; and hence they were dispersed over every quarter of the globe, where they found no alleviation for respite from misery. In no country are they treated as denizens; all suspect them as enemies, and behave to them as aliens; if they do not, as has been too frequently the case, harass, oppress, and persecute them, even unto death. shalt thou. Ge. 8:9. Is. 57:21. Eze. 5:12–17; 20:32–35. Am. 9:4, 9, 10. the Lord. Le. 26:36. Is. 51:17. Eze. 12:18, 19. Ho. 11:10, 11. Hab. 3:16. Lu. 21:26. failing of eyes. Le. 26:16. Is. 65:14. La. 3:65. Mat. 24:8. Ro. 11:10.
66 ver. 67. La. 1:13. He. 10:27. Re. 6:15–17.
67 See on ver. 34. Job 7:3, 4. Re. 9:6.
68 bring thee into Egypt. This verse seems especially to point out an event, which took place subsequently to the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus, and the desolation made by Hadrian. Numbers of the captives were sent by sea into Egypt (as well as into other countries), and sold for slaves at a vile price, and for the meanest offices; and many thousands were left to perish from want; for the multitude was so great, that purchasers could not be found for them all at any price! ch. 17:16. Je. 43:7; 44:12. Ho. 8:13; 9:3. there ye shall. Ex. 20:2. Ne. 5:8. Es. 7:4. Joel. 3:3–7. Lu. 21:24.


  CHAP. 29

  Moses exhorts them to obedience, by the memory of the works they had seen, 1–9. All are presented before the Lord to enter into his covenant, 10–17. The great wrath on him that flatters himself in his wickedness, 18–28. Secret things belong unto God, 29.

1 the words. ver. 12, 21, 25. Le. 26:44, 45. 2 Ki. 23:3. Je. 11:2, 6; 34:18. Ac. 3:25. beside the. ch. 4:10, 13, 23; 5:2, 3. Ex. 19:3–5; 24:2–8. Je. 31:32. He. 8:9.
2 Ye have seen all. See on Ex. 8:12; 19:4. Jos. 24:5, 6. Ps. 78:43–51; 105:27–36.
3 See on ch. 4:32–35; 7:18, 19. Ne. 9:9–11.
4 See on ch. 2:30. Pr. 20:12. Is. 6:9, 10; 63:17. Eze. 36:26. Mat. 13:11–15. Jno. 8:43; 12:38–40. Ac. 28:26, 27. Ro. 11:7–10. 2 Co. 3:15. Ep. 4:18. 2 Th. 2:10–12. 2 Ti. 2:25. Ja. 1:13–17.
5 I have led. ch. 1:3; 8:2. your clothes. See on ch. 8:4. Ne. 9:21. Mat. 6:31, 32. and thy shoe. Jos. 9:5, 13. Mat. 10:10.
6 eaten bread. See on ch. 8:3. Ex. 16, 12, 35. Ne. 9:15. Ps. 78:24, 25. neither have. Nu. 16:14; 20:8. 1 Co. 9:25; 10:4. Ep. 5:18.
7 ch. 2:24–37; 3:1–17. Nu. 21:21–35; 32:33–42. Ps. 135:10–12; 136:17–22.
8 ch. 3:12, 13. Nu. 32:33.
9 See on ver. 1; ch. 4:6. Jos. 1:7. 1 Ki. 2:3. Ps. 25:10; 103:17, 18. Is. 56:1, 2, 4–7. Je. 50:5. Lu. 11:28. He. 13:20, 21.
10 ch. 4:10; 31:12, 13. 2 Ch. 23:16; 34:29–32. Ne. 8:2; 9:1, 2, 38; 10:28. Joel 2:16, 17. Re. 6:15; 20:12.
11 stranger. ch. 5:14. Ex. 12:38, 48, 49. Nu. 11:4. the hewer. Jos. 9:21–27. Ga. 3:28. Col. 3:11.
12 thou shouldest. ch. 5:2, 3. Ex. 19:5, 6. Jos. 24:25. 2 Ki. 11:17. 2 Ch. 15:12–15. enter. Heb. pass. This is an allusion to the solemn ceremony used by several ancient nations, when they entered into a covenant with each other. The victims, slain as a sacrifice on this occasion, were divided, and the parts laid asunder: the contracting parties then passed between them, imprecating, as a curse on those who violated the sacred compact, that they might in like manner be cut asunder. (Ge. 15:10.) ST. CYRIL, in his work against Julian, shows that passing between the divided parts of a victim was used also among the Chaldeans and other people. into his oath. ver. 14. 2 Ch. 15:12–15. Ne. 10:28, 29.
13 establish. See on ch. 7:6; 26:18, 19; 28:9. he may be. See on Ge. 17:7; 26:3, 4; 28:13–15. Ex. 6:7. Je. 31:31–33; 32:38. He. 11:16.
14 Je. 31:31–34. He. 8:7–12.
15 also with him. See on ch. 5:3. Je. 32:39; 50:5. Ac. 2:39. 1 Co. 7:14.
16 through the nations. ch. 2:4, 9, 19, 24; 3:1, 2.
17 idols. Heb. dungy gods.
18 among you man. ch. 11:16, 17; 13:1–15; 17:2–7. He. 3:12. among you a root. Je. 9:15. Ho. 10:4. Am. 6:12. Ac. 8:23. He. 12:15. gall and wormwood. or, a poisonful herb. Heb. rosh.
19 this curse. ver. 12. Ge. 2:17. that he bless. ch. 17:2. Nu. 15:30, 39. Ps. 10:4–6, 11; 49:18; 94:6, 7. Pr. 29:1. Je. 5:12, 13; 7:3–11; 28:15–17; 44:16, 17, 27. Eze. 13:16, 22. Ep. 5:6. though I walk. Nu. 15:30. Ec. 11:9. Ro. 1:21. 2 Co. 10:5. Ep. 4:17. imagination. or, stubbornness. Je. 3:17; 7:24, margins. to add. A very forcible metaphor, denoting the natural progress and increasing avidity of sinful passions and depraved inclinations; which lead men to drink down iniquity as the drunkard does his liquor, without regard to consequences. Some render, ‘to add thirst to drunkenness;’ and then it implies the insatiableness of men’s sinful passions, which hanker for more and more indulgence after the greatest excesses. drunkenness to thirst. Heb. the drunken to the thirsty.
20 will not spare. Ps. 78:50. Pr. 6:34. Is. 27:11. Je. 13:14. Eze. 5:11; 7:4, 9; 8:18; 9:10; 14:7, 8; 24:14. Ro. 8:32; 11:21. 2 Pe. 2:4, 5. the anger. Ps. 74:1. his jealousy. Ex. 20:5; 34:14. Ps. 78:58; 79:5. Ca. 8:6. Eze. 8:3, 5; 23:25; 36:5. Na. 1:2. Zep. 1:18. 1 Co. 10:22. smoke. Ps. 18:8; 74:1. He. 12:29. all the curses. ch. 27:15–26; 28:15–68. blot out. See on ch. 9:14; 25:19. Ex. 32:32, 33. Ps. 69:28. Eze. 14:7, 8. Re. 3:5.
21 separate. Jos. ch. 7. Eze. 13:9. Mal. 3:18. Mat. 24:51; 25:32, 41, 46. are written. Heb. is written.
22 which the Lord hath laid upon it. Heb. wherewith the Lord hath made it sick.
23 brimstone. Job 18:15. Is. 34:9. Lu. 17:29. Re. 19:20. salt. Ju. 9:45. Ps. 107:34. Je. 17:6. Eze. 47:11. Zep. 2:9. Lu. 14:34, 35. like the. Ge. 14:2; 19:24, 25. Je. 20:16. Ho. 11:8, 9. Am. 4:11.
24 1 Ki. 9:8, 9. 2 Ch. 7:21, 22. Je. 22:8, 9. La. 2:15–17; 4:12. Eze. 14:23. Ro. 2:5.
25 Because. Is. 47:6. Je. 40:2, 3; 50:7. they have forsaken. 1 Ki. 19:10–14. Is. 24:1–6. Je. 22:9; 31:32. He. 8:9.
26 they went. Ju. 2:12, 13; 5:8. 2 Ki. 17:7–18. 2 Ch. 36:12–17. Je. 19:3–13; 44:2–6. gods whom. ch. 28:64. whom he had, etc. or, who had not given to them any portion. given. Heb. divided.
27 all the curses. ver. 20, 21; ch. 27:15, etc.; 28:15, etc. Le. 26:14, etc. Da. 9:11–14.
28 rooted them. ch. 28:25, 36, 64. 1 Ki. 14:15. 2 Ki. 17:18, 23. 2 Ch. 7:20. Ps. 52:5. Pr. 2:22. Je. 42:10. Lu. 21:23, 24. as it is this day. ch. 6:24; 8:18. Ezr. 9:7. Da. 9:7.
29 secret. Job 11:6, 7; 28:28. Ps. 25:14. Pr. 3:32. Je. 23:18. Da. 2:18, 19, 22, 27–30; 4:9. Am. 3:7. Mat. 13:35. Jno. 15:15; 21:22. Ac. 1:7. Ro. 11:33, 34; 16:25, 26. 1 Co. 2:16. revealed. Ps. 78:2–7. Is. 8:20. Mat. 11:27–30; 13:11. Jno. 20:31. Ro. 16:26. 2 Ti. 1:5; 3:16. and to our. See on ch. 6:7; 30:2.


  CHAP. 30

  Great mercies promised unto the penitent, 1–10. The commandment is manifest, 11–14. Death and life are set before them, 15–20.

1 it shall come. See on ch. 4:30. Le. 26:40–46. the blessing. ver. 15, 19; ch. 11:26–28; ch. 27; 28; 29:18–23. Le. ch. 26. thou shalt call. ch. 4:29. 1 Ki. 8:47, 48. Is. 46:8. Eze. 18:28. Lu. 15:17. whither. Ge. 4:14. Je. 8:3.
2 return unto. ch. 4:28–31. Ne. 1:9. Is. 55:6, 7. La. 3:32, 40. Ho. 3:5; 6:1, 2; 14:1–3. Joel 2:12, 13. Zec. 12:10. 2 Co. 3:16. 1 Jno. 1:9. with all thine heart. ch. 6:5; 13:3. 1 Ch. 29:9, 17. Ps. 41:12; 119:80. Je. 3:10; 4:14; 29:13. Ep. 6:24.
3 then the. Ps. 106:45–47; 126:1–4. Is. 56:8. Je. 29:14; 31:10. La. 3:22, 32. Ro. 11:23, 26, 31. gather thee. This seems to refer to a more extensive captivity than that which the Jews suffered in Babylon. Ezr. 1:1–4. Ps. 147:2. Je. 32:37, etc. Eze. 34:12, 13; 36:24. Zec. 8:7, 8.
4 unto. ch. 28:64. Ne. 1:9. Is. 11:11–16. Eze. 39:25–29. Zep. 3:19, 20. thence will the. As this promise refers to a return from a captivity among all nations, consequently it cannot be exclusively the Babylonish captivity which is intended; and the repossession of their land must be different from that which was consequent on their return from Babylon. Nor at that period could it be said that they were multiplied more than their fathers, or, as the Hebrew imports, made greater than their fathers, when after their return they were tributary to the Persians, and afterwards fell under the power of the Greeks, under whom they suffered much; nor have their hearts, as a nation, yet been circumcised.
6 will circumcise. ch. 10:16. Je. 4:4; 9:26; 32:39. Eze. 11:19, 20; 36:26, 27. Jno. 3:3–7. Ro. 2:28, 29; 11:26. 2 Co. 5:17. Col. 2:11. to love the Lord. ch. 6:5. Ex. 20:6. Mat. 22:37. Ro. 8:28. 1 Co. 8:3. Ja. 1:12; 2:5. 1 Jno. 4:7, 16–19; 5:3, 4.
7 Nu. 24:14. Ps. 137:7–9. Is. 10:12; 14:1–27. Je. 25:12–16, 29; 50:33, 34; 51:24–26, 34–37. La. 3:54–66; 4:21, 22. Eze. 25:3, 6, 8, 12, 15. Am. 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13. Ob. 10. Zec. 12:3.
8 See on ver. 2. Pr. 16:1. Is. 1:25, 26. Je. 31:33; 32:39, 40. Eze. 11:19, 20; 36:27; 37:24. Ro. 11:26, 27. Ep. 2:16. Phi. 2:13.
9 make thee. ch. 28:4, 11–14. Le. 26:4–6, 9, 10. rejoice over thee. ch. 28:63. Is. 62:5; 65:19. Je. 32:41; 33:9. Zep. 3:17. Lu. 15:6–10, 32. Jno. 15:11.
10 hearken unto. See on ver. 2, 8. Is. 55:2, 3. 1 Co. 7:19. turn unto. Ne. 1:9. La. 3:40, 41. Eze. 18:21; 33:11, 14, 19. Ac. 3:19; 26:20.
11 it is not hidden. Or, as the word niphlaith implies, not too wonderful for thee to comprehend or perform; but easily to be acquainted with, and understood, because clearly revealed: neither is it afar off; it was proclaimed in your ears from mount Sinai, and is now proclaimed in the sanctuary: it is not in heaven; for it has been already revealed: neither is it beyond the sea; that you need travel for instruction, as the ancient philosophers did, or seek instruction from men, at immense labour and expense; but the word is very nigh to thee; brought to thy very doors; in thy mouth, and in thy heart; made so familiar as to afford a topic of common discourse, that it might be laid up in the memory and reduced to practice. Ps. 147:19, 20. Is. 45:19. Ro. 16:25, 26. Col. 1:26, 27.
12 Pr. 30:4. Jno. 3:13. Ro. 10:6, 7.
13 Who shall. Ac. 10:22, 33; 16:9. Ro. 10:14, 15. go over the sea. Pr. 2:1–5; 3:13–18; 8:11; 16:6. Mat. 12:42. Jno. 6:27. Ac. 8:27, etc.
14 very. Eze. 2:5; 33:33. Lu. 10:11, 12. Jno. 5:46. Ac. 13:26, 38–41; 28:23–28. He. 2:1–3. mouth. Je. 12:2. Eze. 33:31. Mat. 7:21. Ro. 10:8–10.
15 ver. 1, 19; ch. 11:26; 28:1, etc.; 32:47. Mar. 16:16. Jno. 3:16. Ga. 3:13, 14; 5:6. 1 Jno. 3:23; 5:11, 12.
16 to love. See on ver. 6. Mat. 22:37, 38. 1 Co. 7:19. 1 Jno. 5:2, 3. to keep. Jno. 14:21.
17 if thine. See on ch. 29:18–28. 1 Sa. 12:25. Jno. 3:19–21. heart. ch. 17:17. 1 Ki. 11:2. Pr. 1:32; 14:14. 2 Ti. 4:4. He. 3:12; 12:25.
18 ch. 8:19, 20; 31:29. Jos. 23:15, 16. Is. 63:17, 18.
19 I call heaven. See on ch. 4:26; 31:28; 32:1. Is. 1:2. Je. 2:12, 13; 22:29, 30. Mi. 6:1, 2. 1 Ti. 5:21. that I have. See on ver. 15; ch. 11:26. choose life. Jos. 24:15–22. Ps. 119:30, 111, 173. Pr. 1:29; 8:36. Is. 56:4. Lu. 10:42. that both thou. Je. 32:39. Ac. 2:39.
20 love. See on ver. 6, 16; ch. 10:12; 11:22. cleave. ch. 4:4; 10:20. Jos. 23:8. Ac. 11:23. Ro. 12:9. thy life. Ps. 27:1; 30:5; 36:9; 66:9. Jno. 11:25, 26; 14:6; 17:3. Ac. 17:25, 28. Ga. 2:20. Col. 3:3, 4. Re. 21:6; 22:1, 17. thou mayest. See on ch. 4:40; 5:16; 11:9; 12:10.


  CHAP. 31

  Moses encourages the people, 1–6. He encourages Joshua, 7, 8. He delivers the law unto the priests to be read in the seventh year to the people, 9–13. God gives a charge to Joshua, 14–18; and a song to testify against the people, 19–23. Moses delivers the book of the law to the Levites to keep, 24–27. He makes a protestation, 28–30.

2 I am an. The life of Moses, the great prophet of Jehovah and lawgiver of the Jews, was exactly the same in length as the time Noah employed in preaching righteousness to the antediluvian world. These one hundred and twenty years were divided into three remarkable periods. Forty years he lived in Egypt, in the court of Pharaoh, acquiring all the learning and wisdom of the Egyptians (Ac. 7:20, 23); forty years he sojourned in Midian, in a state of preparation for his great and important mission (Ac. 7:29, 30); and forty years he guided, led, and governed the Israelites under the express direction and authority of God: in all 120 years. ch. 34:7. Ex. 7:7. Jos. 14:10, 11. Ps. 90:10. Ac. 7:23. I can no more. See on ch. 34:7. Nu. 27:17. 2 Sa. 21:17. 1 Ki. 3:7. Thou shalt not. ch. 3:26, 27; 4:21, 22; 32:48–52. Nu. 20:12; 27:13, 14. Ac. 20:25. 2 Pe. 1:13, 14.
3 thy God. See on ch. 9:3. Ge. 48:21. Ps. 44:2, 3; 146:3–6. and Joshua. ver. 7, 8, 14, 23; ch. 3:28; 34:9. Nu. 27:18–21. Jos. 1:2; 3:7; 4:14. Ac. 7:45. He. 4:8, Jesus.
4 ch. 2:33; 3:3–11, 21; 7:2, 16. Ex. 23:28–31. See on Nu. 21:24–35.
5 And the Lord. ch. 7:2, 18. according. ch. 7:23–25; 20:16, 17. Ex. 23:32, 33; 34:12–16. Nu. 33:52–56.
6 Be strong. ver. 7, 23; ch. 20:4. Jos. 1:6, 7, 9; 10:25. 1 Ch. 22:13; 28:10, 20. 2 Ch. 32:7. Ps. 27:14. Is. 43:1–5. Hag. 2:4. Zec. 8:13. 1 Co. 16:13. Ep. 6:10. 2 Ti. 2:1. fear not. ch. 1:29; 7:18; 20:1, 3, 4. Nu. 14:9. Ps. 27:1. Is. 41:10; 51:12. Lu. 12:32. Re. 21:8. he will not fail. ch. 4:31. Jos. 1:5. 1 Ch. 28:20. Is. 41:13–17. He. 13:5.
7 Be strong. See on ver. 6, 23; ch. 1:38; 3:28. Jos. 1:6. Da. 10:19. Ep. 6:10. for thou must. See on ver. 3; ch. 1:38; 3:28. Jno. 1:17.
8 he it is that. ver. 3; ch. 9:3. Ex. 13:21, 22; 33:14. he will be. See on ver. 6. Jos. 1:5, 9. 1 Ch. 28:20. Is. 8:9, 10; 43:1, 2. Ro. 8:31.
9 Moses. ver. 22–24, 28. Nu. 33:2. Da. 9:13. Mal. 4:4. Mar. 10:4, 5:12, 19. Lu. 20:28. Jno. 1:17, 45; 5:46. delivered. ver. 24–26; ch. 17:18. the priests. Ho. 4:6. Mal. 2:7. which bare. Nu. 4:15. Jos. 3:3, 14–17; 6:12. 1 Ki. 8:3. 1 Ch. 15:2, 12–15.
10 ch. 15:1, 2. See on Le. 23:34–43.
11 to appear. ch. 16:16, 17. Ex. 23:16, 17; 34:24. Ps. 84:7. in the place. See on ch. 12:5. thou. shalt read. Jos. 8:34, 35. 2 Ki. 23:2. Ne. 8:1–8, 13, 18; 9:3. Lu. 4:16, 17. Ac. 13:15; 15:21.
12 Gather. See on ch. 4:10. men. ch. 6:6, 7. Ezr. 10:1. Ps. 19:7–11. Jno. 5:39. 2 Ti. 3:15–17. that they may. ch. 29:29. Ps. 34:11–14.
13 See on ch. 6:7; 11:2. Ps. 78:4–8. Pr. 22:6. Ep. 6:4.
14 that thou must die. See on ver. 2; ch. 34:5. Nu. 27:13. Jos. 23:14. 2 Ki. 1:4. Ec. 9:5. Is. 38:1. I may give. ver. 23. See on Nu. 27:19, 20. Ac. 20:28–31. 2 Ti. 4:1–4. presented. Ex. 34:2. Jos. 24:1. 1 Sa. 10:19. Job 1:6; 2:1. Ro. 12:1. Jude 24.
15 See on Ex. 33:9, 10; 40:38. Ps. 99:7.
16 thou shalt. Ge. 25:8. 2 Sa. 7:12. Is. 57:2. Ac. 13:36. sleep. Heb. lie down. Shochaiv, ‘lying down:’ it signifies to rest, take rest in sleep, and metaphorically, to die. Though much stress cannot be safely laid upon this expression to prove the immortality of the soul, or that the people, in the time of Moses, had a distinct notion of its separate existence; yet it was understood in this sense by JONATHAN, who paraphrases the words thus: ‘Thou shalt lie down in the dust with thy fathers; and thy soul (nishmatoch) shall be laid up in the treasury of the life to come, with thy fathers.’ Job 20:11. and go a. Ex. 32:6; 34:15. Le. 20:3–6. Ju. 2:17–20. Ps. 73:27; 106:39. Is. 57:3–8. Je. 3:1–3. Eze. 16:15, 25–36; 23:5–8, etc. Ho. 2:2–5. Re. 17:2–5; 19:2. forsake me. ch. 32:15. Ju. 2:12; 10:6, 13. Je. 2:11–13. break my. Le. 26:15. Ju. 2:20. Je. 31:32.
17 my anger. See on ch. 29:20; 32:21, 22. Ju. 2:14, 15. Ps. 2:12; 90:11. I will forsake. 1 Ch. 28:9. 2 Ch. 15:2. Je. 23:33, 39. Ho. 9:12. hide my face. Though this may allude to the withdrawing of the Shechinah, or visible appearance of Jehovah, yet the general meaning of the expression in Scripture is, the withdrawing of his approbation and protection, of which his visible appearance was formerly the sign and pledge. ch. 32:20. Job 13:24. Ps. 27:9; 30:7; 89:46; 104:29. Is. 8:17; 64:7. Eze. 39:23, 24, 29. befal them. Heb. find them. Ne. 9:32, marg. Job 34:11. Are not these. See on ch. 29:24–27. Nu. 14:42. Ju. 6:13. Is. 63:17.
18 See on ver. 16, 17.
19 this song. ver. 22, 30; ch. 32:1, etc., 44, 45. and teach it. See on ch. 4:9, 10; 6:7; 11:19. put it in their. Ex. 4:15. 2 Sa. 14:3. Is. 51:16; 59:21. Je. 1:9. a witness. ver. 21, 26. Eze. 2:6. Mat. 10:18. Jno. 12:48.
20 when. See on ch. 6:10–12; 7:1; 8:7. floweth. See on Ex. 3:8, 17. eaten. ch. 8:10–14. Ne. 9:25, 26. waxen fat. ch. 32:15. Ne. 9:25, 26, 35. Ps. 17:10; 73:7; 119:70. Je. 5:28; 50:11. Eze. 34:16, 20. Ho. 13:6. then. See on ver. 16, 17.
21 this song. A sacred song, appointed to be composed by Moses, doubtless under divine inspiration; which the people were required to learn, and teach to their children from generation to generation. See on ver. 19. against. Heb. before. I know. Ge. 6:5; 8:21. Ps. 139:2. Is. 46:10. Eze. 38:10, 11. Ho. 5:3; 13:5, 6. Am. 5:25, 26. Jno. 2:24, 25. Ac. 2:23; 4:28. go about. Heb. do.
22 See on ver. 9, 19.
23 he gave Joshua. See on ver. 7, 8, 14. Jos. 1:5–9. shalt bring. See on ver. 3; ch. 3:28. Ac. 7:45.
24 writing the words. See on ver. 9; ch. 17:18.
25 bare the ark. See on ver. 9.
26 in the side. 1 Ki. 8:9. 2 Ki. 22:8–11. 2 Ch. 34:14, 15. a witness. See on ver. 19. 2 Ki. 22:8, 13–19. Ro. 3:19, 20. Ga. 2:19.
27 I know. ch. 32:20. stiff neck. See on ch. 9:6; 32:20. Ex. 32:8. 2 Ch. 30:8. Ps. 78:8. Is. 48:4. Ac. 7:51. ye have been. See on ch. 9:24.
28 Gather unto me. See on ver. 12; ch. 29:10. Ge. 49:1, 2. Ex. 18:25. Nu. 11:16, 17. call heaven. ch. 4:26. See on ch. 30:19; 32:1. Is. 1:2. Lu. 19:40.
29 corrupt yourselves. ch. 32:5. Ju. 2:19. Is. 1:4. Ho. 9:9. Ac. 20:30. 2 Ti. 3:1–6. 2 Pe. 1:14, 15; 2:1, 2. and evil. ch. 28:15, etc.; 29:18–28. Le. 26:14, etc. 2 Ch. 34:24. Lu. 19:42–44; 21:24. the latter days. ch. 4:30. Ge. 49:1. Job 19:25. Eze. 38:8. 1 Ti. 4:1. 2 Ti. 3:1. He. 1:2. 2 Pe. 3:3.
30 See on ch. 4:5. Jno. 12:49. Ac. 20:27. He. 3:2, 5.


  CHAP. 32

  Moses’ song, which sets forth God’s mercy and vengeance, 1–45. He exhorts them to set their hearts upon it, 46, 47. God sends him up to mount Nebo, to see the land, and to die, 48–52.

1 ch. 4:26; 30:19; 31:28. Ps. 49:1. Is. 1:2. Je. 2:12; 6:19; 22:29.
2 drop. 2 Sa. 23:4. Job 29:22, 23. Ps. 72:6. Is. 55:10, 11. Ho. 6:4; 14:5. 1 Co. 3:6–8. He. 6:7. as the showers. Mi. 5:7. Zec. 10:1.
3 Because. Ex. 3:13–16; 6:3; 20:24; 34:5–7. Ps. 29:1, 2; 89:16–18; 105:1–5; 145:1–10. Je. 10:6; 23:6. Mat. 1:23. Jno. 17:6, 26. ascribe. ch. 5:24. 1 Ch. 17:19; 29:11. Ps. 145:3; 150:2. Je. 10:6. Ep. 1:19.
4 the Rock. ver. 18, 30, 31. 1 Sa. 2:2. 2 Sa. 22:2, 3, 32, 47; 23:3. Ps. 18:2, 31, 46; 61:2–4; 92:15. Is. 26:4; 28:16; 32:2. Mat. 16:16–18. 1 Co. 10:4. 1 Pe. 2:6. his work. Ge. 1:31. 2 Sa. 22:31. Ps. 18:30; 19:7; 138:8. Ec. 3:14. Mat. 5:48. Ja. 1:17. all his. ch. 10:18. Ge. 18:25. Job 35:14. Ps. 9:16; 97:2; 99:4. Is. 30:18. Je. 9:24. Da. 4:37. Jno. 5:22. Ro. 1:32; 2:2, 5. Ja. 4:12. Re. 15:3, 4. a God. Ex. 34:6. Ps. 31:5; 98:3; 100:5; 146:6. Is. 25:1. Je. 10:10. Jno. 1:14, 17; 14:6. without. Job 34:10. Ps. 92:15. Hab. 1:13. Ro. 3:5.
5 They have corrupted themselves. Heb. He hath corrupted to himself. ch. 4:16; 31:29. Ge. 6:12. Ex. 32:7. Ju. 2:19. Is. 1:4. Ho. 9:9. Zep. 3:7. 2 Co. 11:3. their spot, etc. or, that they are not his children, that is their blot. Jno. 8:41. a perverse. ch. 9:24. Ps. 78:8. Is. 1:4. Mat. 3:7; 16:4; 17:17. Lu. 9:41. Ac. 7:51. Phi. 2:15.
6 requite. ver. 18. Is. 1:2. 2 Co. 5:14, 15. Tit. 2:11–14. O foolish. Ps. 74:18. Je. 4:22; 5:21. Ga. 3:1–3. thy father. Ex. 4:22. Is. 63:16. Lu. 15:18–20. Jno. 8:41. Ro. 8:15. Ga. 3:26; 4:6. 1 Jno. 3:1. hath bought. Ex. 15:16. Ps. 74:2. Is. 43:3, 4. Ac. 20:28. 1 Co. 6:20. 2 Pe. 2:1. made thee. Job 10:8. Ps. 95:6; 100:3; 149:2. Is. 27:11; 43:7; 44:2.
7 Remember. Ps. 44:1; 77:5; 119:52. Is. 63:11. many generations. Heb. generation and generation. Ps. 10:6; 77:8, marg. ask. ch. 4:32. Ex. 13:14. Ju. 6:13. Job 8:8–10. Ps. 44:1; 77:5, 6, 11, 12; 78:3, 4. Is. 46:9.
8 Most. Nu. 24:16. Ps. 7:17; 50:14; 82:6; 91:1; 92:8. Is. 14:14. Da. 4:17; 5:18. Ac. 7:48, divided. Ge. 10:25; 11:9. Ps. 115:16. Ac. 17:26. he set. Ge. 10:15; 15:18–21.
9 the Lord’s. ch. 26:18, 19. Ex. 15:16; 19:5, 6. 1 Sa. 10:1. Ps. 78:71; 135:4. Is. 43:21. Je. 10:16; 51:19. Ep. 1:18. 1 Pe. 2:9, 10. lot. Heb. cord. Mi. 2:5.
10 found. ch. 8:15, 16. Ne. 9:19–21. Ps. 107:4, 5. Ca. 8:5. Je. 2:6. Ho. 13:5. led him. or, compassed him. he instructed. ch. 4:36. Ne. 9:20. Ps. 32:7–10; 147:19, 20. Ro. 2:18; 3:2. he kept. Ps. 17:8. Pr. 7:2. Zec. 2:8.
11 Ex. 19:4. Is. 31:5; 40:31; 46:4; 63:9. Ho. 11:3. Re. 12:4.
12 the Lord. ch. 1:31. Ne. 9:12. Ps. 27:11; 78:14, 52, 53; 80:1; 136:16. Is. 46:4; 63:9–13. no strange. Is. 43:11, 12; 44:7, 8.
13 ride. ch. 33:26, 29. Is. 58:14. Eze. 36:2. honey. Job 29:6. Ps. 81:16. Is. 48:21. Eze. 27:17.
14 Butter. Ge. 18:8. Ju. 5:25. 2 Sa. 17:29. Job 20:17. Is. 7:15, 22. of Bashan. Ps. 22:12. Eze. 39:18. Am. 4:1. Mi. 7:14. the fat. Ps. 81:16; 147:14. blood. Ge. 49:11. Mat. 26:28, 29. Jno. 6:55, 56.
15 Jeshurun. ch. 33:5, 26. Is. 44:2. kicked. 1 Sa. 2:29. Ac. 9:5. waxen fat. ch. 31:20. Job 15:27. Ps. 17:10; 73:7; 119:70. Is. 6:10. Ac. 28:27. Ro. 2:4, 5. then he. ch. 6:10–12; 8:10–14; 31:16, 20. Ne. 9:25. Is. 1:4. Je. 2:5; 5:7, 28. Ho. 13:6. the Rock. See on ver. 4. 2 Sa. 22:47. Ps. 18:46; 89:26; 95:1.
16 provoked. ch. 5:9. 1 Ki. 14:22. Na. 1:1, 2. 1 Co. 10:22. abominations. ch. 7:25. Le. 18:27. 2 Ki. 23:13.
17 sacrificed. Le. 17:7. Ps. 106:37, 38. 1 Co. 10:20. 1 Ti. 4:1. Re. 9:20. not to God. or, which were not God. ver. 21. Je. 10:15. 1 Co. 8:4; 10:19. to gods. ch. 28:64. Is. 44:8. to new gods. Ju. 5:8.
18 the Rock. ver. 4, 15. Is. 17:10. forgotten. ch. 6:12; 8:11, 14, 19. Ps. 9:17; 44:20–22; 106:21. Is. 17:10; 22:10, 11. Je. 2:32; 3:21. Ho. 8:14.
19 And when. Le. 26:11. Ju. 2:14. Ps. 5:4; 10:3; 78:59; 106:40. Am. 3:2, 3. Zec. 11:8. Re. 3:16. abhorred them. or, despised. La. 2:6. of his sons. Ps. 82:6, 7. Is. 1:2. Je. 11:15.
20 I will hide. ch. 31:17, 18. Job 13:24; 34:29. Is. 64:7. Je. 18:17. Ho. 9:12. a very. See on ver. 5. Is. 65:2–5. Mat. 11:16, 17. Lu. 7:31, 32. children 2 Ch. 20:20. Is. 7:9; 30:9. Mat. 17:17. Mar. 9:19. Lu. 18:8. 2 Th. 3:2. He. 11:6.
21 moved me. ver. 16. Ps. 78:58. with their vanities. 1 Sa. 12:21. 1 Ki. 16:13, 26. Ps. 31:6. Je. 8:19; 10:8; 14:22; Jon. 2:8. Ac. 11:15. I will. Ho. 1:10. Ro. 9:25; 10:19; 11:11–14. 1 Pe. 2:9, 10.
22 For a fire. ch. 29:20. Nu. 16:35. Ps. 21:9; 83:14; 97:3. Is. 66:15, 16. Je. 4:4; 15:14; 17:4. La. 2:3; 4:11. Eze. 36:5. Na. 1:6. Mal. 4:1, 2. Mar. 9:43–48. 2 Th. 1:8. He. 12:29. shall burn. or, hath burned. lowest. Ps. 86:13. Is. 30:33. Zep. 3:8. Mat. 10:28; 18:9; 23:33. shall consume. or, hath consumed. Is. 24:6, 19, 20. foundations. Job 9:5, 6. Ps. 46:2; 144:5. Is. 54:10. Mi. 1:4. Na. 1:5. Hab. 3:10.
23 heap mischiefs. ch. 28:15. Le. 26:18, 24. Is. 24:17, 18; 26:15. Je. 15:2, 3. Eze. 14:21. Mat. 24:7, 8. spend. Ps. 7:12, 13. La. 3:13. Eze. 5:16.
24 burnt. ch. 28:53. Je. 14:18. La. 4:4–9; 5:10. burning heat. Heb. burning coals. Ps. 18:12–14; 120:4. Hab. 3:5. the teeth. Le. 26:22. Je. 15:3; 16:4. Eze. 5:17; 14:15, 21. serpents. Ge. 3:14; 49:15. Is. 65:25. Am. 9:3.
25 sword. Le. 26:36, 37. Is. 30:16. Je. 9:21. La. 1:20. Eze. 7:15. 2 Co. 7:5. within. Heb. from the chambers. destroy. Heb. bereave. the young. La. 2:19–22; 4:4.
26 ch. 28:25, 37, 64. Le. 26:33, 38. Is. 63:16. Lu. 21:24.
27 lest their. 1 Sa. 12:22. Is. 37:28, 29, 35; 47:7. Je. 19:4. La. 1:9. Eze. 20:13, 14, 20–22. Zec. 1:14, 15. they should. Ex. 32:12. Nu. 14:15, 16. Jos. 7:9. Ps. 115:1, 2; 140:8. Is. 10:8–15; 37:10, 12–23. Da. 4:30–37. Our hand, etc. or, Our high hand and not the Lord hath done all this.
28 ver. 6. Job 28:28. Ps. 81:12. Pr. 1:7. Is. 27:11; 29:14. Je. 4:22; 8:9. Ho. 4:6. Mat. 13:14, 15. Ro. 11:25. 1 Co. 3:19.
29 O that. ch. 5:29. Ps. 81:13; 107:15, 43. Is. 48:18, 19. Ho. 14:9. Lu. 19:41, 42. they would. Is. 10:3; 47:7. Je. 5:31; 17:11. La. 1:9. Lu. 12:20; 16:19–25.
30 one chase. Le. 26:8. Jos. 23:10. Ju. 7:22, 23. 1 Sa. 14:15–17. 2 Ch. 24:24. Is. 30:17. sold them. Ju. 2:14; 3:8. Ps. 44:12. Is. 50:1; 52:3. Mat. 18:25. shut them. Job 11:10; 16:11. Ps. 31:8.
31 Ex. 14:25. Nu. 23:8, 23. 1 Sa. 2:2; 4:8. Ezr. 1:3; 6:9–12; 7:20, 21. Je. 40:3. Da. 2:47; 3:29; 6:26, 27.
32 of the vine of Sodom. or, worse than the vine of Sodom, etc. Is. 1:10. Je. 2:21. La. 4:6. Eze. 16:45–51. Mat. 11:24. their grapes. ch. 29:18. Is. 5:4. He. 12:15.
33 the poison. Job 20:14–16. Ps. 58:4; 140:3. Je. 8:14, marg. Ro. 3:13.
34 Job 14:17. Je. 2:22. Ho. 13:12. Ro. 2:5. 1 Co. 4:5. Re. 20:12, 13.
35 To me. ver. 43. Ps. 94:1. Na. 1:2, 6. Ro. 12:19; 13:4. He. 10:30. their foot. Ps. 73:17–19. Pr. 4:19. Is. 8:15. Je. 6:21; 13:16. 1 Pe. 2:8. for the day. 2 Pe. 2:3. the things. Is. 5:19; 30:12, 13; 60:22. Hab. 2:3. Lu. 18:7, 8. 2 Pe. 2:3; 3:8–10.
36 For the. Ps. 7:8; 50:4; 96:13; 135:14. repent. Ju. 2:18; 10:15, 16. Ps. 90:13; 106:45. Je. 31:20. Joel 2:14. Am. 7:3, 6. power. Heb. hand. none. 1 Ki. 14:10; 21:21. 2 Ki. 9:8; 14:26.
37 Ju. 10:14. 2 Ki. 3:13. Je. 2:28.
38 eat the fat. Le. 21:21. Ps. 50:13. Eze. 16:18, 19. Ho. 2:8. Zep. 2:11. let them. Ju. 10:14. your protection. Heb. an hiding for you.
39 I, even I. Ps. 102:27. Is. 41:4; 45:5, 18, 22; 46:4; 48:12. He. 1:12. Re. 1:11; 2:8. no god. ch. 4:35. Is. 45:5, 18, 22. I kill. 1 Sa. 2:6. 2 Ki. 5:7. Job 5:18. Ps. 68:20. Is. 43:13. Ho. 6:1. Jno. 8:24. Re. 1:17, 18. neither. Job 10:7. Ps. 50:22. Is. 43:13. Mi. 5:8.
40 Ge. 14:22. Ex. 6:8. Nu. 14:28–30. Je. 4:2. He. 6:17, 18. Re. 10:5, 6.
41 whet. Ps. 7:12. Is. 27:1; 34:5, 6; 66:16. Eze. 21:9–15, 20. Zep. 2:12. I will. See on ver. 35. Is. 1:24; 59:18; 66:6. Na. 1:2. them that hate. ch. 5:9. See on Ex. 20:5. Ro. 1:30; 8:7. 2 Ti. 3:4.
42 make mine. See on ver. 23. Ps. 45:5; 68:23. Is. 34:6–8. Je. 16:10. Eze. 35:6–8; 38:21, 22. revenges. The word parôth, rendered revenges, a sense in which it never seems to be used, has rendered this passage very obscure. As the word paira signifies the hair of the head, both in Hebrew and Arabic, Mr. PARKHURST and others render mairosh parôth, ‘from the hairy head;’ but to have this sense, the words should rather have been mipparôth rosh, according to the Hebrew idiom. The word farôu, in Arabic, however, also denotes a prince or chief; and the words may be literally rendered, with the LXX., απο κεφαλης αρχοντων εχθρων, ‘from the head of the chiefs of the enemies.’ The hyperbaton, or transposition of words from their grammatical order, is very observable in this verse; the third member forming a continuation of the first, and the fourth of the second. Job 13:24. Je. 30:14. La. 2:5.
43 Rejoice. or, Praise his people, ye nations; or, Sing ye. O ye nations. Ge. 12:3. 1 Ki. 8:43. Ps. 22:27. Is. 11:10; 19:23, 25. Lu. 2:10, 11, 32. Ac. 13:47, 48. Ro. 15:9–13. Re. 5:9, 10. avenge. See on ver. 35. Job 13:24. Je. 13:14. La. 2:5. Lu. 19:27, 43, 44; 21:22–24. Ro. 12:19. Re. 6:10; 15:2, 4; 18:2, 20; 19:2. Re. 19:2. render. ver. 41. will be. Ps. 85:1.
44 spake. See on ch. 31:22, 30. Hoshea. or Joshua. See on Nu. 13:8, 16.
46 See on ch. 6:6, 7; 11:18. 1 Ch. 22:19. Pr. 3:1–4. Eze. 40:4. Lu. 9:44. He. 2:1.
47 ch. 30:19. Le. 18:5. Pr. 3:1, 2, 18, 22; 4:22. Is. 45:19. Mat. 6:33. Ro. 10:5, 6. 1 Ti. 4:8; 6:6–8. 1 Pe. 3:10–12. 2 Pe. 1:3, 16. Re. 22:14.
48 A.M. 2553. B.C. 1451. An. Ex. Is. 40. Adar. Nu. 27:12, 13.
49 mountain. ch. 34:1; See on Nu. 33:47, 48. and behold. ch. 34:2–5. Is. 33:17. 2 Co. 5:1.
50 be gathered. Ge. 15:15. See on ch. 25:8, 17; 49:33. Da. 12:13. as Aaron. Nu. 20:24–29; 33:38.
51 ye trespassed. ch. 3:23–27. Nu. 20:11, 12, 24; 27:14. Meribah-Kadesh. or, strife at Kadesh. Nu. 20:13, 14. because ye. See on Le. 10:3. 1 Ki. 13:21–26. Is. 8:13. 1 Pe. 4:17.
52 ver. 49; ch. 34:1–4. Nu. 27:12. He. 11:13, 39.


  CHAP. 33

  The majesty of God, 1–5. The blessings of the twelve tribes, 6–25. The excellency of Israel, 26–29.

1 the blessing. Ge. 27:4, 27–29; 49:1, 28. Lu. 24:50, 51. Jno. 14:27; 16:33. the man. Jos. 14:6. Ju. 13:6. 1 Sa. 2:27; 9:6, 7. 1 Ki. 13:1, 6. Ps. 90, title. 1 Ti. 6:11. 2 Ti. 3:17. 2 Pe. 1:21.
2 came from Sinai. Ex. 19:18–20. Ju. 5:4, 5. Hab. 3:3. ten thousands. Ps. 68:7, 17. Da. 7:9. Ac. 7:53. Ga. 3:19. 2 Th. 1:7. He. 2:2. Jude 14. Re. 5:11. a fiery law. Heb. a fire of law. ch. 5:22. 2 Co. 3:7, 9. Ga. 3:10. He. 12:20.
3 he loved. ch. 7:7, 8. Ex. 19:5, 6. Ps. 47:4; 147:19, 20. Je. 31:3. Ho. 11:1. Mal. 1:2. Ro. 9:11–13. Ep. 2:4, 5. 1 Jno. 4:19. all his saints. ch. 7:6. 1 Sa. 2:9. Ps. 31:15; 50:5. Je. 32:40. Jno. 10:28, 29; 17:11–15. Ro. 8:35–39. Col. 3:3, 4. 1 Pe. 1:5. they sat. Lu. 2:46; 8:35; 10:39. Ac. 22:3. shall receive. Pr. 2:1. 1 Th. 1:6.
4 Moses. Jno. 1:17; 7:19. the inheritance. ch. 9:26–29. Ps. 119:72, 111.
5 king. Ge. 36:31. Ex. 18:16, 19. Nu. 16:13–15. Ju. 8:22; 9:2; 17:6. Jeshurun. See on ch. 32:15.
6 Ge. 49:3, 4, 8. Nu. 32:31, 32. Jos. 22:1–9.
7 and bring. Ge. 49:8–12. Ju. 1:1, etc. Ps. 78:68, 70. Mi. 5:2. Mal. 3:1. He. 7:14. let his hands. 2 Sa. 3:1; 5:1, 19, 24. 1 Ch. 12:22. 2 Ch. 17:12–19. Is. 9:7. Re. 19:13–16. and be thou. 2 Sa. 7:9–12. Ps. 11; 20:2; 21:1, 8; 110:1, 2; 146:5. Lu. 19:27. 1 Co. 15:25. Re. 20:10–15.
8 Let thy. Ex. 28:30, 36. Le. 8:8. Nu. 27:21. 1 Sa. 28:6. Ezr. 2:63. Ne. 7:65. with thy. Le. 21:7. Nu. 16:5. 2 Ch. 23:6. Ezr. 8:28. Ps. 16:10; 106:16. He. 7:26. Re. 3:7. prove at. ch. 8:2, 3, 16. Ex. 17:7. Nu. 20:13. Ps. 81:7.
9 Who said. Ex. 32:25–29. Le. 10:6; 21:11. Mat. 10:37; 12:48; 22:16. Lu. 14:26. 2 Co. 5:16. Ga. 1:10. 1 Th. 2:4. 1 Ti. 5:21. I have not. Ge. 29:32. 1 Ch. 17:17. Job 37:24. for they. Je. 18:18. Mal. 2:5–7.
10 They shall teach. or, Let them teach, etc. ch. 17:9–11; 24:8. Le. 10:11. 2 Ch. 17:8–10; 30:22. Ne. 8:1–9, 13–15, 18. Eze. 44:23, 24. Ho. 4:6. Mal. 2:6–8. Mat. 23:2, 3. Jno. 21:15, 16. they shall put incense. or, let them put incense. Ex. 30:7, 8. Nu. 16:40, 46. 1 Sa. 2:28. 2 Ch. 26:18. Lu. 1:9, 10. He. 7:25; 9:24. Re. 8:3–5. before thee. Heb. at thy nose. whole. Le. 1:9, 13, 17; 9:12, 13. Ps. 51:19. Eze. 43:27.
11 his substance. ch. 18:1–5. Nu. 18:8–20; 35:2–8. accept. 2 Sa. 24:23. Ps. 20:3. Eze. 20:40, 41; 43:27. Mal. 1:8–10. smite. Is. 29:21. Je. 15:10. Am. 5:10. Mat. 10:14, 15. Lu. 10:10–12, 16. 1 Th. 4:8.
12 The beloved. See on ver. 27–29. Jos. 18:11–28. Ju. 1:21. 1 Ki. 12:21. 2 Ch. 11:1; 15:2; 17:17–19. Ps. 132:14. Is. 37:22, 35. cover him. Ps. 91:4. Is. 51:16. Mat. 23:37.
13 Joseph. See on Ge. 48:5, 9, 15–20; 49:22–26. the dew. ch. 32:2. Ge. 27:28, 29. Job 29:19. Ps. 110:3. Pr. 3:20; 19:12. Is. 18:4. Ho. 14:5. Mi. 5:7. Zec. 8:12.
14 the precious. ch. 28:8. Le. 26:4. 2 Sa. 23:4. Ps. 65:9–13; 74:16; 84:11. Mal. 4:2. Mat. 5:45. Ac. 14:17. 1 Ti. 6:17. put forth. Heb. thrust forth. moon. Heb. moons. Ps. 8:3; 104:19. Re. 22:2.
15 Ge. 49:26. Hab. 3:6. Ja. 5:7.
16 the earth. Ps. 24:1; 50:12; 89:11. Je. 8:16, marg. 1 Co. 10:26, 28. the good. Ex. 3:2–4. Mar. 12:26. Lu. 2:14. Ac. 7:30–33, 35. 2 Co. 12:7–10. and upon the top. Ge. 37:28, 36; 39:2, 3; 43:32; 45:9–11. See on Ge. 49:26. He. 7:26.
17 the firstling. 1 Ch. 5:1. his horns. Nu. 23:22; 24:8. Job 39:9, 10. Ps. 22:21; 29:6; 92:10. Is. 34:7. unicorns. Heb. an unicorn, he shall push. 1 Ki. 22:11. 2 Ch. 18:10. Ps. 44:5. the ten thousands. Ge. 48:19. Nu. 26:34, 37. Ho. 5:3; 6:4; 7:1.
18. Ge. 49:13–15. Jos. 19:11. Ju. 5:14.
19 call the people. Is. 2:3. Je. 50:4, 5. Mi. 4:2. they shall. Ps. 4:5; 50:13–15; 51:16, 17; 107:22. He. 13:15, 16. 1 Pe. 2:5. suck of. ch. 32:13. Is. 60:5, 16; 66:11, 12.
20 Blessed. Ge. 9:26, 27. Jos. 13:8, 10, 24–28. 1 Ch. 4:10; 12:8, 37, 38. Ps. 18:19, 36. he dwelleth. 1 Ch. 5:18–21; 12:8–14. teareth. Mi. 5:8.
21 the first part. Nu. 32:1–6, 16, 17, etc. a portion. Nu. 32:33. Jos. 1:14; 22:4. seated. Heb. cieled. he came. Nu. 32:16, 21. Jos. 4:12, 13. Ju. 5:2, 11.
22 Ge. 49:16, 17. Jos. 19:47. Ju. 13:2, 24, 25; 14:6, 19; 15:8, 15; 16:30; 18:27. 1 Ch. 12:35.
23 O. Ge. 49:21. Ps. 36:8; 90:14. Is. 9:1, 2. Je. 31:14. Mat. 4:13, 16; 11:28. possess. Jos. 19:32–39.
24 Asher be blessed. Ge. 49:20. Ps. 115:15; 128:3, 6. let him be. Pr. 3:3, 4. Ec. 12:10. Ac. 7:10. Ro. 14:18; 15:31. let him dip. Job 29:6.
25 Thy shoes, etc. or, Under thy shoes shall be iron. ch. 8:9. Lu. 15:22. Ep. 6:15. and as thy. 2 Ch. 16:9. Ps. 138:3. Is. 40:29; 41:10. 1 Co. 10:13. 2 Co. 12:9, 10. Ep. 6:10. Phi. 4:13. Col. 1:11.
26 none. Ex. 15:11. Ps. 86:8. Is. 40:18, 25; 43:11–13; 86:8. Je. 10:6. Jeshurun. See on ch. 32:15. rideth. Ps. 18:10; 68:4, 33, 34; 104:3. Is. 19:1. Hab. 3:8.
27 eternal. 1 Sa. 15:29. Ps. 90:1, 2; 102:24. Is. 9:6; 25:4; 57:15. Je. 10:10. Mi. 5:2. 1 Ti. 1:17. He. 9:14. refuge. Ps. 18:2; 27:5; 36:7; 46:1, 7, 11; 48:3; 91:1, 2, 9, 15. Pr. 18:10. Is. 32:2. Lu. 13:34. Phi. 3:9. underneath. Ge. 49:24. Pr. 10:25. Ca. 2:6. Is. 26:4. 1 Pe. 1:5. Jude 24. thrust. See on ch. 9:3–5. Jno. 10:28, 29. Ro. 8:2; 16:20. Re. 20:2, 3, 10.
28 Israel. Ex. 33:16. Nu. 23:9. Je. 23:6; 33:16. Eze. 34:25. Re. 21:27; 22:14, 15. the fountain. ch. 8:7, 8. Ps. 68:26. Pr. 5:15–18. Is. 48:1. his. See on ver. 13; ch. 11:11; 32:2. Ge. 27:28.
29 Happy. ch. 4:7, 8. Nu. 23:20–24; 24:5. 2 Sa. 7:23. Ps. 33:12; 144:15. saved. Is. 12:2; 45:17. 1 Ti. 4:10. the shield. Ge. 15:1. Ps. 84:11; 115:9–11. the sword. Ju. 7:20. Ps. 7:12; 45:3. Is. 27:1; 34:5, 6. Je. 12:12; 47:6. Re. 1:16; 19:21. found. liars. or, subdued. 2 Sa. 22:45. Ps. 18:44; 66:3; 81:15, margins. thou shalt. ch. 32:13. Jos. 10:24–25. Hab. 3:19.


  CHAP. 34

  Moses from mount Nebo views the land, 1–4. He dies there, 5. His burial, 6. His age, 7. Thirty days’ mourning for him, 8. Joshua succeeds him, 9. The praise of Moses, 10–12.

1 the mountain. See on ch. 32:49. Nu. 27:12; 33:47. Pisgah. or, the hill. See on Nu. 21:20, marg. shewed him. ver. 4; ch. 3:27. Nu. 32:33–40. Eze. 40:2. Re. 21:10. Dan. Ge. 14:14. Jos. 19:47. Ju. 18:29.
2 unto. ch. 11:24. Ex. 23:31. Nu. 34:6. Jos. 15:12.
3 the city of palm. Ju. 1:16; 3:13. 2 Ch. 28:15. Zoar. Ge. 14:2, 8; 19:22. Nu. 34:3.
4 This is the land. Ge. 12:7; 13:15; 15:18–21; 26:3; 28:13. Ps. 105:9–11. I have caused. ch. 3:26, 27; 32:52. Nu. 20:12. Jno. 1:17.
5 So Moses. Jos. 1:1. Mal. 4:4. Jno. 8:35, 36. 2 Ti. 2:25. He. 3:3–6. 2 Pe. 1:1. Re. 15:8. died there. ch. 31:14; 32:50. Jos. 1:1, 2.
6 he buried him. Jude 9.
7 an hundred. ch. 31:2. Ac. 7:23, 30, 36. his eye. Ge. 27:1; 48:10. Jos. 14:10, 11. natural force abated. Heb. moisture fled.
8 wept for Moses. Ge. 50:3, 10. Nu. 20:29. 1 Sa. 25:1. Is. 57:1. Ac. 8:2.
9 full of the spirit. Ex. 31:3. Nu. 11:17. 1 Ki. 3:9, 12. 2 Ki. 2:9, 15. Is. 11:2. Da. 6:3. Jno. 3:34. Col. 2:3. Moses. Nu. 27:18–23. Ac. 6:6; 8:17–19. 1 Ti. 4:14; 5:22. the children. Jos. 1:16–18.
10 there arose. ch. 18:15–18. Ac. 3:22, 23; 7:37. He. 3:5, 6. the Lord. ch. 5:4, 5. Ex. 33:11, Nu. 12:6–8.
11 In all the signs. Rather, ‘with respect to all the signs and the wonders,’ etc. ch. 4:34; 7:19. Ps. 78:43–58; 105:26–38.


CONCLUDING REMARKS ON DEUTERONOMY AND THE PENTATEUCH

Thus ends the book of Deuteronomy, and with it the Pentateuch, commonly called the Law of Moses; a work every way worthy of God its author, and only less than the New Testament, the Law and Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Its antiquity places it at the head of all the writings in the world; and the various subjects it embraces render it of the utmost importance to every part of the civilized world. Its philosophy, history, geography, and chronology entitle it to the respect of the whole human race; while its system of theology and religion demonstrably proves it to be a revelation from God. The Law of Moses is more properly the Law of Jehovah, תורת יהוה, torath yehowah, the grand title of the Pentateuch. Could we conceive Moses to have been the author of this system, we must consider him more than mortal:—no wisdom of man has ever yet invented such a Code of Laws. His merit, however, has been disputed, and his laws severely criticised, by persons whose interest it was to prove religion a cheat, because they had none themselves. To some, whose mental taste and feeling are strangely perverted, everything in heathenism wears not only the most fascinating aspect, but appears to lay claim to and possess every excellence; and hence they have called up Confucius, Menu, Zoroaster, and Mohammed himself, to dispute the palm with Moses!
On this subject in general, it may be just necessary to add, that the utmost that can be said of all laws, merely human, is, that they restrain vices, through the terror of punishment. God’s law not only restrains vice, but it infuses virtue. It alone brings man to the footstool of his Maker; and keeps him dependent on the strong for strength, on the wise for wisdom, and on the merciful for grace. It abounds with promises of support, and salvation for the present life, which no false system dared ever to propose: every where, Moses, in the most confident manner, pledges his God for the fulfilment of all the exceeding great and precious promises, with which his laws are so plentifully interspersed; and while they were obedient they could say, “Not one word hath failed us, of all the good things which the Lord our God spake concerning us.” Who that dispassionately reads the Pentateuch, that considers it in itself and in its reference to that glorious Gospel which it was intended to introduce, can for a moment deny it the palm of infinite superiority over all the systems ever framed or imagined by man? Well might the Israelitish people triumphantly exclaim, “There is none like the God of Jeshurun!” and with what striking propriety does the glorious legislator add, “Happy art thou, O Israel! who is like unto thee? O people, saved of the Lord!”
Finally, the treasures of wisdom and knowledge, which are amassed in these five books, have enriched the whole civilized earth, and, indeed, greatly promoted that very civilization. They have been a kind of text-book to almost every writer on geology, geography, chronology, astronomy, natural history, ethics, jurisprudence, political economy, theology, poetry, and criticism, from the time of Moses to the present day-books to which the choicest writers and philosophers in Pagan antiquity, have been deeply indebted; and which were the text-books to all the prophets—books from which the flimsy writers against Divine Revelation have derived their natural religion, and all their moral excellence—books written in all the energy, and purity, of the incomparable language in which they are composed; and lastly, books, which for importance of matter, variety of information, dignity of sentiment, accuracy of facts, impartiality, simplicity, and sublimity of narration, tending to improve and ennoble the intellect and ameliorate the physical and moral condition of man, have never been equalled, and can only be paralleled by the Gospel of the Son of God! Fountain of endless mercy, justice, truth, and beneficence! How much are thy gifts and bounties neglected by those who do not read this law; and by those who having read it, are not morally improved by it, and made wise unto salvation!


B. Blayney, Thomas Scott, and R.A. Torrey with John Canne, Browne, The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, vol. 1 (London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, n.d.), 123–149.