The Second Book of MOSES, called EXODUS


THE title of this Book is derived from the Septuagint; in which it is called ΕΞΟΔΟΣ, ‘EXODUS;’ or, as it is in the Codex Alexandrinus, ΕΞΟΔΟΣ Αιγυπτου, ‘the EXODUS or departure from Egypt;’ but it is called in the Hebrew Bibles ואלה שמות, Weělleh Shemoth, these are the names, or merely שמות, Shemoth, names, from the words with which it commences.


  CHAP. 1

  The children of Israel, after Joseph’s death, increase, 1–7. The more they are oppressed by a new king, the more they multiply, 8–14. The godliness of the midwives, in saving the men children alive, 15–21. Pharaoh commands the male children to be cast into the river, 22.

1 ch. 6:14–16. Ge. 29:31–35; 30:1–21; 35:18, 23–26; 46:8–26; 49:3–27. 1 Ch. 2:1, 2; 12:23–40; 27:16–22. Re. 7:4–8.
2 Reuben. Ge. 35:22.
3 Issachar. Ge. 35:23. Benjamin. ch. 28:20.
5 loins. Heb. thigh. Ge. 46:26. Ju. 8:30, marg. seventy. ver. 20. Ge. 46:26, 27. De. 10:22.
6 A.M. 2369. B.C. 1635. Ge. 50:24, 26. Ac. 7:14–16.
7 fruitful. ch. 12:37. Ge. 1:20, 28; 9:1; 12:2; 13:16; 15:5; 17:4–6, 16; 22:17; 26:4; 28:3, 4, 14; 35:11; 46:3; 47:27; 48:4, 16. De. 10:22; 26:5. Ne. 9:23. Ps. 105:24. Ac. 7:17, 18.
8 a new king. Probably RAMESES MIAMUM, or his son AMENOPHIS, who succeeded him about this period; and by his not knowing Joseph is meant his not acknowledging his obligation to him. Ec. 2:18, 19; 9:15. Ac. 7:18.
9 the people. Nu. 22:4, 5. Job 5:2. Ps. 105:24, 25. Pr. 14:28; 27:4. Ec. 4:4. Tit. 3:3. Ja. 3:14–16; 4:5.
10 Come on. Ps. 10:2; 83:3, 4. Pr. 1:11. wisely. Nu. 22:6. Job 5:13. Ps. 105:25. Pr. 16:25; 21:30. Ac. 7:19; 23:12. 1 Co. 3:18–20. Ja. 3:15–18.
11 to afflict. ch. 3:7; 5:15. Ge. 15:13. Nu. 20:15. De. 26:6. burdens. ch. 2:11; 5:4, 5. Ps. 68:13; 81:6; 105:13. Raamses. Ge. 47:11. Pr. 27:4.
12 But the more, etc. Heb. and as they afflicted them, so they multiplied, etc. multiplied. Ps. 105:24. Pr. 21:30. Ro. 8:28. He. 12:6–11. grieved. ver. 9. Job 5:2. Pr. 27:4. Jno. 12:19. Ac. 4:2–4; 5:28–33.
14 their lives. ch. 2:23; 6:9. Ge. 15:13. Nu. 20:15. De. 4:20; 26:6. Ru. 1:20. Ac. 7:19, 34. in mortar. Ps. 68:13; 81:6. Na. 3:14. was with rigour. ver. 13; ch. 5:7–21; 20:2. Le. 25:43, 46, 53. Is. 14:6; 51:23; 52:5; 58:6. Je. 50:33, 34. Mi. 3:3.
16 and see them. Or, rather, ‘and ye see them by the stone-troughs;’ for so ovnayim, from aven, a stone, seems to signify (compare ch. 7:19), in which they washed the new-born infants. See this subject fully illustrated in Fragments to CALMET, Nos. 312, 313. then ye shall. ver. 22. Mat. 21:38. Re. 12:4.
17 feared God. Ge. 20:11; 42:18. Ne. 5:15. Ps. 31:19. Pr. 8:13; 16:6; 24:11, 12. Ec. 8:12; 12:13. Da. 3:16–18; 6:13. Ho. 5:11. Mi. 6:16. Mat. 10:28. Lu. 12:5. Ac. 4:19; 5:29.
18 Why have. 2 Sa. 13:28. Ec. 8:4.
19 Jos. 2:4, etc. 1 Sa. 21:2. 2 Sa. 17:19, 20.
20 God. Ps. 41:1, 2; 61:5; 85:9; 103:11; 111:5; 145:19. Pr. 11:18; 19:17. Ec. 8:12. Is. 3:10. Mat. 10:42; 25:40. Lu. 1:50. He. 6:10. the people. See ver. 7, 12.
21 made them. 1 Sa. 2:35; 25:28. 2 Sa. 7:11–13, 27–29. 1 Ki. 2:24; 11:38. Ps. 37:3; 127:1, 3. Pr. 24:3. Ec. 8:12. Je. 35:2.
22 A.M. 2431. B.C. 1573. Every son. ver. 16; ch. 7:19–21. Ps. 105:25. Pr. 1:16; 4:16; 27:4. Ac. 7:19. Re. 16:4–6.


  CHAP. 2

  Moses is born, and in an ark east into the flags, 1–4. He is found, and brought up by Pharaoh’s daughter, 5, 6; who employs his mother to nurse him, 7–10. He slays an Egyptian, 11, 12. He reproves an Hebrew, 13, 14. He flees into Midian, and marries Zipporah, 15–21. Gershom is born, 22. God respects the Israelites’ cry, 23–25.

1 A.M. 2432. B.C. 1572. of the house. ch. 6:16–20. Nu. 26:59. 1 Ch. 6:1–3; 23:12–14.
2 A.M. 2433. B.C. 1571. she saw. Ps. 112:5. Ac. 7:20. He. 11:23.
3 could not. ch. 1:22. Mat. 2:13, 16. Ac. 7:19. an ark. Is. 18:2. bulrushes. Gomé, is the papyrus, so famous in all antiquity. It grows on the banks of the Nile, and in marshy grounds; the stalk rises to the height of six or seven cubits above the water, is triangular, and terminates in a crown of small filaments, resembling hair. This reed was of the greatest use to the Egyptians; the pith serving them for food, and the woody part to build vessels with; which vessels frequently appear on various monuments of Egyptian antiquity. That boats were made of this reed is also attested by PLINY and others. with slime. Ge. 6:14; 11:3; 14:10.
4 ch. 15:20. Nu. 12:1–15; 20:1; 26:59. Mi. 6:4.
5 daughter. Ac. 7:21. herself. As the word herself is not in the original, Dr. A. CLARKE is of opinion that it was for the purpose of washing, not her person, but her clothes, that Pharaoh’s daughter came to the river; which was an employment not beneath even king’s daughters in those primitive times. when she. 1 Ki. 17:6. Ps. 9:9; 12:5; 46:1; 76:10. Pr. 21:1. Jon. 1:17; 2:10.
6 she had compassion. 1 Ki. 8:50. Ne. 1:11. Ps. 106:46. Pr. 21:1. Ac. 7:21. 1 Pe. 3:8.
7 ver. 4; ch. 15:20. Nu. 12:1; 26:59.
8 Go. Ps. 27:10. Is. 46:3, 4. Eze. 16:8. mother. ch. 6:20.
10 and he. Ge. 48:5. Ac. 7:21, 22. Ga. 4:5. He. 11:24. 1 Jno. 3:1. Moses. i.e. Drawn out Because. Ge. 4:25; 16:11. 1 Sa. 1:20. Mat. 1:21.
11 A.M. 2473. B.C. 1531. Moses. Ac. 7:22–24. He. 11:24–26. burdens. ch. 1:11; 3:7; 5:9, 14. Is. 58:6. Mat. 11:28. Lu. 4:18.
12 he looked. Ac. 7:24–26. slew. If the Egyptian killed the Hebrew, Moses only acted agreeably to the divine law (Ge. 9:6) in thus slaying the Egyptian: nor did he violate the law of Egypt; for, according to DIODORUS SICULUS (1:1. § 17), ‘he who saw a man killed, or violently assaulted on the highway, and did not rescue him, if he could, was punished with death.’ Moses, therefore, in this transaction, acted as a brave and good man; especially as at this time there was little probability of obtaining justice on an Egyptian murderer.
13 and he said. Ac. 7:26. 1 Co. 6:7, 8.
14 Who. Ge. 19:9; 37:8–11, 19, 20. Nu. 16:3, 13. Ps. 2:2–6. Mat. 21:23. Lu. 12:14; 19:14, 27. Ac. 7:26–28, 35. a prince. Heb. a man, a prince. Ge. 13:8. Moses. Pr. 19:12; 29:25.
15 fled. ch. 4:19. Ge. 28:6, 7. 1 Ki. 19:1–3, 13, 14. Pr. 22:3. Je. 26:21–23. Mat. 10:23. Ac. 7:29. He. 11:27. Midian. Ge. 25:2, 4. sat down. Ge. 24:11; 29:2. Jno. 4:6.
16 the priest. or, prince. ch. 3:1. Ge. 14:18; 41:45, marg. they came. Ge. 24:11, 14–20; 29:6–10. 1 Sa. 9:11.
17 shepherds. Ge. 21:25; 26:15–22. watered. ver. 12. Ge. 29:10.
18 ch. 3:1; 4:18; 18:1–12. Jethro, or Jether. Nu. 10:29. Raguel.
19 An Egyptian. Ge. 50:11. and also. Ge. 29:10.
20 call him. Ge. 24:31–33; 18:5; 19:2, 3; 29:13; 31:54; 43:25. Job 31:32; 42:11. 1 Ti. 5:10. He. 13:2.
21 content. ver. 10. Ge. 31:38–40. Phi. 4:11, 12. 1 Ti. 6:6. He. 11:25; 13:5. Ja. 1:10. Zipporah. ch. 4:20–25; 18:2–6. Nu. 12:1.
22 Gershom. i.e. a stranger here. 1 Ch. 23:14–17. for he said. ver. 10; ch. 18:3; 22:21. 1 Ch. 16:20; 29:15. Ps. 39:12; 119:19. Ac. 7:29. He. 11:13, 14.
23 A.M. cir. 2504. B.C. cir. 1500. in process. ch. 7:7. Ac. 7:30. the king. ch. 4:19. Mat. 2:19, 20. Ac. 12:23, 24. sighed. Ge. 16:11. Nu. 20:16. De. 26:6, 7. Ps. 12:5. cry. ch. 3:7–9; 22:22–27. Ge. 4:10; 18:20, 21. De. 24:15; 26:7. Ju. 10:11, 12. Ne. 9:9. Ps. 18:6; 81:6, 7; 107:19, 20. Is. 5:7; 19:20. Ja. 5:4.
24 God heard. ch. 6:5. Ju. 2:18. Ne. 9:27, 28. Ps. 22:5, 24; 79:11; 102:20; 138:3. remembered. Ge. 15:14–18; 17:7; 18:18; 26:3, 24; 28:12–14; 32:28; 46:2–4. Ne. 9:8, 9. Ps. 105:6–13, 42; 106:45. Lu. 1:72, 73.
25 looked. ch. 4:31. 1 Sa. 1:11. 2 Sa. 16:12. Job 33:27. Lu. 1:25. God. For elohim, GOD, HOUBIGANT reads aleyhem, UNTO THEM; which is countenanced by the LXX., Vulgate, Chaldee, Coptic, and Arabic, and appears to have been the original reading. had respect. Heb. knew. ch. 1:8; 3:7, 8. Ps. 1:6; 55:22. Mat. 7:23.


  CHAP. 3

  Moses keeps Jethro’s flock, 1. God appears to him in a burning bush, 2–8. He sends him to deliver Israel, 9–12. The name of God, 13, 14. His message to Israel, and Pharaoh, whose opposition is foretold, 15–19. He is assured of Israel’s deliverance, 20–22.

1 A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. kept. Ps. 78:70–72. Am. 1:1; 7:14, 15. Mat. 4:18, 19. Lu. 2:8. his father. ch. 2:16, 21; 18:1–6. Nu. 10:29. Ju. 4:11. the mountain. ver. 5; ch. 18:5; 19:3, 11; 24:15–17. 1 Ki. 19:8. Horeb. ch. 17:6. De. 1:6; 4:10. Ps. 106:19. Mal. 4:4.
2 angel. ver. 4, 6. Ge. 16:7–13; 22:15, 16; 48:16. De. 33:16. Is. 63:9. Ho. 12:4, 5. Mal. 3:1. Lu. 20:37. Ac. 7:30–35. bush burned. Ge. 15:13–17. De. 4:20. Ps. 66:12. Is. 43:2; 53:10, 11. Da. 3:27. Zec. 13:7. Jno. 1:14. Ro. 8:3. 2 Co. 1:8–10.
3 Job 37:14. Ps. 107:8; 111:2–4. Ac. 7:31.
4 unto him. De. 33:16. Moses. Ge. 22:1, 11; 46:2. 1 Sa. 3:4, 6, 8, 10. Ps. 62:11. Ac. 9:4; 10:3, 13.
5 Draw not. ch. 19:12, 21. Le. 10:3. He. 12:20. put off. Ge. 28:16, 17. Jos. 5:15. Ec. 5:1. Ac. 7:33.
6 I am. ver. 14, 15; ch. 4:5; 29:45. Ge. 12:1, 7; 17:7, 8; 26:24; 28:13; 31:42; 32:9. 1 Ki. 18:36. Ps. 132:2. Je. 24:7; 31:33; 32:38. Zec. 8:8. Eze. 11:20. Is. 14:14. Mat. 22:32. Mar. 12:26. Lu. 20:37. Ac. 7:31, 32. thy father. Though the word avicha, ‘thy father,’ is here used in the singular, yet St. Stephen, quoting this passage (Ac. 7:32), uses the plural, ο Θεος των πατρων σου, ‘the God of thy FATHERS;’ and that this is the meaning, the following words prove. This reading is confirmed by the Samaritan and Coptic. hid. Ge. 17:3. Ju. 13:22. 1 Ki. 19:13. Ne. 9:9. Job 42:5, 6. Ps. 106:44, 45. Is. 6:1–5. Da. 10:7, 8. Mat. 17:6. Lu. 5:8. Ac. 7:34. He. 12:21. Re. 1:17.
7 I have. ch. 2:23–25; 22:23. Ge. 29:32. 1 Sa. 9:16. Ps. 22:24; 34:4, 6; 106:44; 145:19. Is. 63:9. He. 4:15. by reason. ch. 1:11. I know. Ge. 18:21. Ps. 142:3.
8 I am. Ge. 11:5, 7; 18:21; 50:24. Ps. 18:9–19; 12:5; 22:4, 5; 34:8; 91:15. Is. 64:1. Jno. 3:13; 6:38. deliver. ch. 6:6–8; 12:51. Ge. 15:14; 50:24. unto a good. ver. 17; ch. 13:5; 33:2, 3. Ge. 13:14, 15; 15:18. Nu. 13:19, 27; 14:7, 8. De. 1:7, 25; 8:7–9; 11:9–24; 26:9–15; 27:3; 28:11. Ne. 9:22–25. Je. 2:7; 11:5; 32:22. Eze. 20:6. Canaanites. ch. 22:23–31; 34:11. Ge. 15:18–21. De. 7:1. Jos. 9:1. Ne. 9:8.
9 the cry. ver. 7; ch. 2:23. and I have. ver. 7; ch. 1:11, 13, 14, 22. Ps. 12:5. Pr. 22:22, 23. Ec. 4:1; 5:8. Je. 50:33, 34. Am. 4:1. Mi. 2:1–3.
10 1 Sa. 12:6. Ps. 77:20; 103:6, 7; 105:26. Is. 63:11, 12. Ho. 12:13. Mi. 6:4. Ac. 7:34, 36.
11 ch. 4:10–13; 6:12. 1 Sa. 18:18. 2 Sa. 7:18. 1 Ki. 3:7, 9. Is. 6:5–8. Je. 1:6. Ac. 7:23–25. 2 Co. 2:16; 3:5.
12 Certainly. ch. 4:12, 15; Ge. 15:1; 31:3. De. 31:23. Jos. 1:5. Is. 41:10; 43:2. Mat. 28:20. Mar. 16:20. Ac. 11:21. Ro. 8:31. He. 13:5. token. ch. 4:1–9. Ge. 15:8. Ju. 6:17, 21, 36–40; 7:11, 13, 14. Ps. 86:17. Is. 7:14; 37:30. Je. 43:9, 10; 51:63, 64. ye shall. ch. 19–40. Le. ch. 1–27. Nu. ch. 1–10.
13 What is his name. ver. 14; ch. 15:3. Ge. 32:29. Ju. 13:6, 17. Pr. 30:4. Is. 7:14; 9:6. Je. 23:6. Mat. 1:21, 23.
14 I AM hath. ch. 6:3. Job 11:7. Ps. 68:4; 90:2. Is. 44:6. Mat. 18:20; 28:20. Jno. 8:58. 2 Co. 1:20. He. 13:8. Re. 1:4, 8, 17; 4:8.
15 The Lord. ver. 6; ch. 4:5. Ge. 17:7, 8. De. 1:11, 35; 4:1. 2 Ch. 28:9. Mat. 22:32. Ac. 7:32. this is my name for ever. The name here referred to is that which immediately precedes, יהוה, YEHOWAH, which we translate Lord, the name by which God had been known from the creation of the world, (Ge. 2:2,) and by which he is known to the present day. יהוה, Yehowah, from הוה, hawah, to be, subsist, signifies He who is, or SUBSISTS, i.e. eminently and in a manner superior to all other beings; and is essentially the same with אהיה, eheyeh, I AM, in the preceding verse. Ps. 72:17, 19; 135:13; 145:1, 2. Is. 9:6; 63:12. my memorial. Ps. 102:12. Ho. 12:5. Mi. 4:5. Mal. 3:6. He. 13:8.
16 elders. ch. 4:29; 18:12; 24:11. Ge. 1:7. Mat. 26:3. Ac. 11:30; 20:17. 1 Pe. 5:1. visited. ch. 2:25; 4:31; 13:19; 15:14. Ge. 21:1; 50:24. Ru. 1:6. Ps. 8:4. Lu. 1:68; 19:44. Ac. 15:14. He. 2:6, 7. 1 Pe. 2:12.
17 I will bring. ver. 9; ch. 2:23–25. Ge. 15:13–21; 46:4; 50:24. unto the land. See on ver. 8. Ge. 15:14, 18–21.
18 and they. ver. 16; ch. 4:31. Jos. 1:17. 2 Ch. 30:12. Ps. 110:3. Je. 26:5. and thou. ch. 5:1–3. The Lord. ch. 7:16; 9:1, 13; 10:3. met. ch. 4:24; 5:3; 25:22; 29:42, 43; 30:6, 36. Ge. 12:1; 15:1; 17:1; 48:3. Nu. 17:4; 23:3, 4, 15, 16. Is. 64:5. three days’. ch. 8:27; 13:17, 18. that we may. ver. 12; ch. 7:16; 8:25–28; 9:1; 10:24–26; 19:1. Je. 2:2, 6.
19 will not. ch. 5:2; 7:4. no, not by a mighty hand. or, but by a strong hand. ch. 6:1; ch. 7–14. Ps. 136:11, 12. Is. 63:12, 13.
20 stretch. ch. 6:6; 7:5; 9:15. Eze. 20:33. smite. ch. 7:3; 11:9. De. 4:34; 6:22. Ne. 9:10. Ps. 105:27; 106:22; 135:8, 9. Is. 19:22. Je. 32:20, 21. Ac. 7:36. See ch. 7–13. after that. ch. 11:8; 12:31, 39. Ge. 15:14. Ju. 6:8; 8:16. Is. 26:11. Ps. 105:38.
21 ch. 11:3; 12:36. Ge. 39:21. Ne. 1:11. Ps. 106:46. Pr. 16:7. Ac. 7:10.
22 But. ch. 11:2; 12:35, 36. Ge. 15:14. Ps. 105:37. borrow. Or, rather ask or demand, as the word שאל properly signifies; and is so rendered by the LXX., Vulgate, and Geneva and Barker’s Bible: the other ancient versions are the same as the Hebrew. spoil. Job 27:16, 17. Pr. 13:22. Is. 33:1. Eze. 39:10. the Egyptians. or, Egypt.


  CHAP. 4

  Moses’s rod is turned into a serpent, 1–5. His hand is leprous, 6–9. He is loth to he sent, 10–12. Aaron is appointed to assist him, 13–17. Moses departs from Jethro, 18–20. God’s message to Pharaoh, 21–23. Zipporah circumcises her son, 24–26. Aaron is sent to meet Moses, 27, 28. The people believe them, 29–31.

1 ver. 31; ch. 2:14; 3:18. Je. 1:6. Eze. 3:14. Ac. 7:25.
2 A rod. ver. 17, 20. Ge. 30:37. Le. 27:32. Ps. 110:2. Is. 11:4. Mi. 7:14.
3 it became. ver. 17; ch. 7:10–15. Am. 5:19.
4 Put forth. Ge. 22:1, 2. Ps. 91:13. Mar. 16:18. Lu. 10:19. Ac. 28:3–6. And he put. Jno. 2:5.
5 That they. ver. 1; ch. 3:18; 4:31; 19:9. 2 Ch. 20:20. Is. 7:9. Jno. 5:36; 11:15, 42; 20:27, 31. the Lord. ch. 3:15. Ge. 12:7; 17:1; 18:1; 26:2; 48:3. Je. 31:3. Ac. 7:2.
6 leprous as snow. Nu. 12:10. 2 Ki. 5:27.
7 it was turned. Nu. 12:13, 14. De. 32:39. 2 Ki. 5:14. Mat. 8:3.
8 if they. ver. 30, 31. Is. 28:10. Jno. 12:37. that they. De. 32:39. 2 Ki. 5:7. Job 5:18.
9 the water. ch. 7:19. shall become. Heb. shall be, and shall be. blood. ch. 1:22; 7:19–25. Mat. 7:2.
10 eloquent. Heb. a man of words. ver. 1. Job 12:2. 1 Co. 2:1–4. 2 Co. 10:10; 11:6. heretofore. Heb. since yesterday, nor since the third day. slow of speech. ch. 6:12. Je. 1:6. Ac. 7:22.
11 Ge. 18:14. Ps. 51:15; 94:9; 146:8. Is. 6:7; 35:5, 6; 42:7. Je. 1:6, 9. Eze. 3:26, 27; 33:22. Am. 3:6.
12 Ps. 25:4, 5; 32:9; 143:10. Is. 49:2; 50:4. Je. 1:9. Mat. 10:19, 20. Mar. 13:11. Lu. 11:1; 12:11, 12; 21:14, 15. Jno. 14:26. Ep. 6:19.
13 send. ver. 1; ch. 23:20. Ge. 24:7; 48:16. Ju. 2:1. 1 Ki. 19:4. Je. 1:6; 20:9. Eze. 3:14, 15. Jon. 1:3, 6. Mat. 13:41. Jno. 6:29. wilt send. or, shouldest.
14 anger. 2 Sa. 6:7. 1 Ki. 11:9. 1 Ch. 21:7. Lu. 9:59, 60. Ac. 15:28. Phi. 2:21. cometh. ver. 17. 1 Sa. 10:1–7. Mar. 14:13–15. 2 Co. 2:13; 7:6, 7. 1 Th. 3:6, 7.
15 and put. ch. 7:1, 2. 2 Sa. 14:3. Is. 51:16; 59:21. and I. Nu. 22:38; 23:5, 12, 16. De. 18:18. Is. 51:16. Je. 1:9. Mat. 28:20. Lu. 21:15. 1 Co. 11:23; 15:1. will teach. De. 5:31.
16 ch. 7:1, 2; 18:19. Ps. 82:6. Jno. 10:34, 35.
17 ver. 2; ch. 7:9, 19. 1 Co. 1:27.
18 Jethro. Heb. Jether. See on ch. 3:1. Let me go. 1 Ti. 6:1. and see. Ge. 45:3. Ac. 15:36. Go in peace. 1 Sa. 1:17. Lu. 7:50. Ac. 16:36. In the LXX. and Coptic, the following addition is made to this verse: Μετα δε τας ημερας τας πολλας εκεινας ετελευτησεν ο βασιλευς Αιγυπτου, ‘After these many days, the king of Egypt died.’ This was probably an ancient side-note, which crept into the text, as it appeared to throw light on the next verse.
19 Midian. A country in Arabia Petræa, on the eastern coast of the Red Sea, near mount Sinai. This place is still called by the Arabs the Land of Midian, or of Jethro. ABULFEDA, speaking of Midian, says, ‘Madyan is a city, in ruins, on the shore of the Red Sea, on the opposite side to Tabuc, from which it is distant about six days’ journey. At Midian may be seen the famous well at which Moses watered the flocks of Shoâib, (Jethro.) This city was the capital of the tribe of Midian in the days of the Israelites.’ for all. ch. 2:15, 23. Mat. 2:20.
20 the rod of God. ver. 2, 17; ch. 17:9. Nu. 20:8, 9.
21 wonders. ch. 3:20. I will harden. ch. 7:3, 13; 9:12, 35; 10:1, 20; 14:8. Ge. 6:3. De. 2:30–33, 36. Jos. 11:20. 1 Ki. 22:22. Ps. 105:25. Is. 6:10; 63:17. Jno. 12:40. Ro. 1:28; 9:18; 11:8–10. 2 Co. 2:16. 2 Th. 2:10–12. 1 Pe. 2:8.
22 Israel. ch. 19:5, 6. De. 14:1. Je. 31:9. Ho. 11:1. Ro. 9:4. 2 Co. 6:18. He. 12:23. Ja. 1:18.
23 ch. 11:5; 12:29. Ps. 78:51; 105:36; 135:8.
24 the inn. See on Ge. 42:27. The account in this and the two following verses, although rather obscure, seems to imply, that on their way to the land of Egypt, an angel appeared to Moses, and sought to kill his son, on account of his father’s non-observance of the Lord’s positive command to Abraham, that every man child of the Jewish nation, or born in his house in servitude, should be circumcised on the eighth day; and that Zipporah, at the command of Moses, immediately fulfilled the injunction, and thus averted the wrath of God, denounced against the disobedient: ‘The uncircumcised man child, whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that soul shall be cut off from his people.’ Ge. 17:14. the Lord. ch. 3:18. Nu. 22:22, 23. 1 Ch. 21:16. Ho. 13:8. sought. Ge. 17:14. Le. 10:3. 1 Ki. 13:24.
25 a sharp stone. or, knife. Jos. 5:2, 3. cast it. Heb. made it touch. a bloody. 2 Sa. 16:7.
27 Go into. ver. 14–16. Ec. 4:9. Ac. 10:5, 6, 20. the mount. ch. 3:1; 19:3; 20:18; 24:15–17. 1 Ki. 19:8. kissed him. Ge. 29:11.
28 told Aaron. ver. 8, 9, 15, 16. Jon. 3:2. Mat. 21:29. and all. ver. 11–13.
29 ch. 3:16; 24:1, 11.
30 And Aaron. ver. 16. did the. ver. 2–9.
31 believed. ver. 8, 9; ch. 3:18. Ps. 106:12, 13. Lu. 8:13. visited. See on ch. 3:16. Lu. 1:68. looked. ch. 2:25; 3:7. bowed. ch. 12:27. Ge. 17:3; 24:26. 1 Ch. 29:20. 2 Ch. 20:18.


  CHAP. 5

  Pharaoh chides Moses and Aaron for their message, 1–5. He increases the Israelites’ task, 6–14. He checks their complaints, 15–18. They cry out upon Moses and Aaron, 19–21. Moses complains to God, 22, 23.

1 and told. 1 Ki. 21:20. Ps. 119:46. Eze. 2:6. Jon. 3:3, 4. Mat. 10:18, 28. Ac. 4:29. a feast. ch. 10:9. Is. 25:6. 1 Co. 5:8.
2 Who. ch. 3:19. 2 Ki. 18:35. 2 Ch. 32:15, 19. Job 21:15. Ps. 10:4; 12:4; 14:1. I know not. 1 Sa. 2:12. Jno. 16:3. Ro. 1:28. 2 Th. 1:8. neither. ch. 3:19. Je. 44:16, 17.
3 The God. ch. 3:18. lest he. De. 28:21. 2 Ki. 17:25. 2 Ch. 30:8. Ezr. 7:23. Eze. 6:11. Zec. 14:16–19.
4 Wherefore. Je. 38:4. Am. 7:10. Lu. 23:2. Ac. 16:20, 21; 24:5. let. Taphreeoo, from pa â, to loose, disengage; and which we render let, from the Anglo-Saxon lettan, to hinder. Ye hinder the people from their work: ‘Get you unto your burdens.’ ‘Let religion alone and mind your work.’ The language not only of tyranny, but of thoughtless irreligion. burdens. ch. 1:11.
5 ch. 1:7–11. Pr. 14:28.
6 taskmasters. Nogesim, literally, exactors, oppressors. These taskmasters were Egyptians, (ch. 1:11,) but the officers were Hebrews. See ver. 14. ver. 10, 13, 15, 19; ch. 1:11. Pr. 12:10. officers. Shoterim, from the Arabic saytara, to overlook, superintend, seems to denote, as musaytar in Arabic also does, overseers, superintendents. They may have been somewhat like the chiefs of trades, who are found in every city in the East; where every trade has a head, who is entrusted with authority over them, and is in some measure answerable for them to Government. Compare ch. 2:14.
7 straw. The straw was mixed with clay, in order to make the bricks. This is expressly affirmed by PHILO, (vit. Mos.) who was himself a native of Alexandria, in Egypt. He says, describing the oppression of the Israelites, that some were obliged to work in clay, and others to gather straw for the formation of bricks, πλινθου γαρ αχυρα δεσμος, because straw is the binding of the brick. PHILO’S account is confirmed by Dr. SHAW, who says that ‘some of the Egyptian pyramids are made of brick, the composition whereof is only a mixture of clay, mud, and straw, slightly blended and kneaded together, and afterwards baked in the sun. The straw, which keeps the bricks together, and still preserves its original colour, seems to be a proof that these bricks were never burnt or made in kilns.’ The same materials are now used for building in Egypt. Mr. BAUMGARTEN says, ‘The houses are for the most part of bricks that are only hardened by the heat of the sun, and mixed with straw to make them firm.’
8 tale. Tale denotes number, from the Anglo-Saxon tællan, to number, count, etc. ye shall lay. Ps. 106:41.
9 Let there more work be laid upon the men. Heb. Let the work be heavy upon the men. vain words. 2 Ki. 18:20. Job 16:3. Je. 43:2. Zec. 1:6. Mal. 3:14. Ep. 5:6.
10 taskmasters. ch. 1:11. Pr. 29:12.
11 not ought. ver. 13, 14.
13 daily tasks. Heb. a matter of a day in his day.
17 Mat. 26:8. Jno. 6:27. 2 Th. 3:10, 11.
18 yet shall ye deliver. Eze. 18:18. Da. 2:9–13.
19 evil case. De. 32:36. Ec. 4:1; 5:8.
21 The Lord. ch. 4:31; 6:9. Ge. 16:5. our savour. Ec. 10:1. Joel 2:20. 2 Co. 2:15, 16. to be abhorred. Heb. to stink. Ge. 34:30. 1 Sa. 13:4; 27:12. 2 Sa. 10:6. 1 Ch. 19:6.
22 returned. ch. 17:4. 1 Sa. 30:6. Ps. 73:25. Je. 12:1. why is it. Nu. 11:14, 15. 1 Ki. 19:4, 10. Je. 20:7. Hab. 2:3.
23 in thy name. Ps. 118:26. Je. 11:21. Jno. 5:43. neither hast thou delivered. Heb. delivering, thou hast not delivered. Is. 26:17, 18; 28:16. He. 10:36, 37.


  CHAP. 6

  God renews his promise by his name JEHOVAH, 1–8. Moses vainly attempts to encourage the Israelites, 9. He and Aaron are again sent to Pharaoh, 10–13. The genealogy of Reuben, of Simeon, and of Levi, of whom came Moses and Aaron, 14–25. The history resumed, 26–30.

1 Now Shalt. ch. 14:13. Nu. 23:23. De. 32:39. 2 Ki. 7:2, 19. 2 Ch. 20:17. Ps. 12:5. with a strong. ch. 3:19, 20. De. 4:34. Ps. 89:13; 136:12. Is. 63:12. Eze. 20:33, 34. drive them. ch. 11:1; 12:31, 33, 39.
2 I am the Lord. or, Jehovah. ver. 6, 8; ch. 14:18; 17:1; 20:2. Ge. 15:7. Is. 42:8; 43:11, 15; 44:6. Je. 9:24. Mal. 3:6. Ac. 17:24, 25.
3 God Almighty. El shadday, God Almighty; for shadday is evidently of affinity with the Arabic shadid, strong, mighty, and shiddat, strength, might; so the LXX. in Job render it παντοκρατωρ, Vulgate, in Pentateuch, Omnipotens, and Syriac, in Job, chasino. Ge. 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; 48:3. but by my name. If Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, did not know the name Jehovah, then Moses must have used it in Genesis by prolepsis, or anticipation. Mr. LOCKE and others read it interrogatively, for the negative particle, lo, not, has frequently this power in Hebrew: ‘I appeared unto Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, and by my name Jehovah was I not also made known unto them?’ JEHOVAH. ch. 3:14. Ge. 12:7, 8; 13:18; 22:14. Ps. 68:4. JAH; 83:18. Is. 42:8; 44:6; 52:5, 6. Jno. 8:58. Re. 1:4.
4 established. Ge. 6:18; 15:18; 17:7, 8, 13; 28:4. 2 Sa. 23:5. Is. 55:3. the land of their. Ge. 15:13; 17:8; 23:4; 26:3. Ps. 105:12. Ac. 7:5.
5 the groaning. ch. 2:24; 3:7. Ps. 106:44. Is. 63:9. I have remembered. ch. 2:24. Ge. 8:1; 9:15. Ps. 105:8; 106:45. Lu. 1:54, 72.
6 I am the Lord. See on ver. 2, 8, 29. Eze. 20:7–9. I will bring. ch. 3:17; 7:4. De. 26:8. Ps. 81:6; 136:11, 12. redeem. ch. 15:13. De. 4:34; 7:8; 15:15. 2 Ki. 17:36. 1 Ch. 17:21. Ne. 1:10. Is. 9:12, 17, 21.
7 will take. ch. 19:5, 6. Ge. 17:7, 8. De. 4:20; 7:6; 14:2; 26:18. 2 Sa. 7:23, 24. Je. 31:33. Ho. 1:10. 1 Pe. 2:10. I will be. ch. 29:45, 46. De. 29:13. Zec. 13:9. Mat. 22:32. Ro. 8:31. He. 11:16. Re. 21:3, 7. from under. ch. 5:4, 5. Ps. 81:6.
8 swear. Heb. lift up my hand. The ancient mode of appealing to God was by lifting up the right hand, and was considered as a form of swearing. Hence yamin, in Hebrew the right hand, is in Arabic an oath, and as a verb, to take an oath. A similar custom prevailed among the heathens. See Virg. Æn. 1. xii. 196. Ge. 14:22. De. 32:40. Eze. 20:5, 6, 15, 23, 28, 42; 36:7; 47:14. to give. ch. 32:13. Ge. 15:18; 22:16, 17; 26:3; 28:13; 35:12. I am. See on ver. 2. Nu. 23:19. 1 Sa. 15:29.
9 hearkened. ch. 5:21; 14:12. Job 21:4. Pr. 14:19. anguish. Heb. shortness, or, straitness. Nu. 21:4.
11 ver. 29; ch. 3:10; 5:1, 23; 7:1.
12 children. ver. 9; ch. 3:13; 4:29–31; 5:19–21. am. The italics shew that this word has been supplied by our translators; hence it may be inferred by some that Moses was uncircumcised. The difficulty is in some measure cleared away, by using the word uncircumcised in the sense of unsuitable or incapacitated, see ver. 30, which argees with ch. 4:10, where Moses complains of want of eloquence: but by substituting is for am in this place, the connexion with the former part of the verse is preserved: ‘For if the chosen seed, the circumcised sons of Jacob, refuse to hear me,’ as though Moses had said, ‘how can I expect to make uncircumcised Pharaoh pay attention to me?’ uncircumcised. ver. 30; ch. 4:10. Le. 26:41. De. 30:6. Is. 6:5. Je. 1:6; 6:10; 9:26. Ac. 7:51.
13 Nu. 27:19, 23. De. 31:14. Ps. 91:11. Mat. 4:6. 1 Ti. 1:18; 5:21; 6:13, 17. 2 Ti. 2:4; 4:1.
14 the heads. ver. 25. Jos. 14:1; 19:51. 1 Ch. 5:24; 7:2, 7; 8:6. The sons. Ge. 46:9; 49:3, 4. Nu. 26:5, 6. 1 Ch. 5:3. these be. Nu. 26:7. Jos. 13:15, 23.
15 sons. Ge. 46:10. Nu. 26:12, 13. 1 Ch. 4:24. Nemuel. Jarib. Zerah.
16 sons. Ge. 46:11. Nu. 3:17. 1 Ch. 6:1, 16. Kohath. Nu. 26:57. 1 Ch. 23:6. an hundred. ver. 18, 20. Ge. 35:28; 47:28; 50:26.
17 Ge. 46:11. Nu. 3:18. Shimei. 1 Ch. 6:17; 23:7. Laadan. Shimei.
18 sons. Nu. 3:19. Izehar; 26:57. 1 Ch. 6:2, 18. and the years. See on ver. 16.
19 Nu. 3:20. 1 Ch. 6:19; 23:21.
20 Amram. ch. 2:1, 2. Nu. 26:59. and the years. The Samaritan, LXX., Syriac, and one Hebrew MS. add, ‘And Miriam their sister;’ which some of the best critics suppose to have been originally in the text. See on ver. 16, 18.
21 Korah. ver. 24. Nu. 16:1, 32; 26:10, 11. 1 Ch. 6:37, 38.
22 Le. 10:4. Ne. 3:20.
23 Elisheba. Lu. 1:5. Amminadab. Nu. 1:7; 2:3. Ru. 4:19, 20. 1 Ch. 2:10. Mat. 1:4. Nadab. ch. 24:1, 9. Le. 10:1, 2. Nu. 3:2–4; 20:25; 26:60, 61. 1 Ch. 6:3; 24:1, 2.
24 Korah. ver. 21. Nu. 16:1, 32; 26:9–11. 1 Ch. 6:22, 33, 37, 38. Ps. 84; 85, titles. Elkanah. 1 Sa. 1:1. 1 Ch. 6:23, 27, 28.
25 Phinehas. Nu. 25:7–13; 31:6. Jos. 22:13, 31, 32; 24:33. Ju. 20:28. Ps. 106:30, 31. the heads. ver. 14.
26 That Aaron. ver. 13, 20. Jos. 24:5. 1 Sa. 12:6, 8. 1 Ch. 6:3. Ps. 77:20; 99:6. Mi. 6:4. Bring. ver. 7; ch. 3:10, 11; 20:2; 32:1, 7, 11. Ac. 7:35, 36. armies. ch. 7:4; 12:17, 51; 13:18. Ge. 2:1. Nu. 33:1.
27 spake. ch. 5:1–3; 7:10. to bring. ver. 13; 26; ch. 32:7; 33:1. Ps. 77:20. Mi. 6:4.
29 I am the. See on ver. 2, 6, 8. speak. ver. 11; ch. 7:2. Je. 1:7, 8, 17–19; 23:28; 26:2. Eze. 2:6, 7; 3:11, 17. Mat. 28:20. Ac. 20:27.
30 uncircumcised. See on ver. 12; ch. 4:10. 1 Co. 9:16, 17.


  CHAP. 7

  Moses and Aaron are encouraged to go again to Pharaoh, 1–6. Their age, 7. Aaron’s rod is turned into a serpent, 8–10. The sorcerers do the like; but their rods are swallowed up by Aaron’s, 11, 12. Pharaoh’s heart is hardened, 13. God’s message to Pharaoh, 14–18. The river is turned into blood; and the consequent distress of the Egyptians, 19–25.

1 See. ch. 16:29. Ge. 19:21. 1 Ki. 17:23. 2 Ki. 6:32. Ec. 1:10. a god. ch. 4:15, 16. Ps. 82:6. Je. 1:10. Jno. 10:35, 36.
2 ch. 4:15; 6:29. De. 4:2. 1 Ki. 22:14. Je. 1:7, 17. Eze. 3:10, 17. Mat. 28:20. Ac. 20:27.
3 And I. See on ch. 4:21, 29. multiply. ch. 4:7; 9:16; 11:9. De. 4:34; 7:19. Ne. 9:10. Ps. 78:43–51; 105:27–36; 135:9. Is. 51:9. Je. 32:20, 21. Mi. 7:15. Jno. 4:48. Ac. 2:22; 7:36. Ro. 15:19.
4 that I. ch. 9:3; 10:1; 11:9. Ju. 2:15. La. 3:3. armies. ch. 6:26; 12:51. by great. ch. 6:6. Pr. 19:29. Is. 26:9. Eze. 14:21; 25:11; 30:14, 19. Re. 15:4; 16:7; 19:2.
5 Egyptians. ver. 17; ch. 8:10, 22; 14:4, 18. Ps. 9:16. Eze. 25:17; 28:22; 36:23; 39:7, 22. I stretch. See on ch. 3:20.
6 ver. 2, 10; ch. 12:28; 39:43; 40:16. Ge. 6:22; 22:18. Ps. 119:4. Jno. 15:10, 14.
7 ch. 2:23. Ge. 41:46. De. 29:5; 31:2; 34:7. Ps. 90:10. Ac. 7:23, 30.
9 Shew. Is. 7:11. Mat. 12:39. Jno. 2:18; 6:30; 10:38. Take. ver. 10–12; 4:2, 17, 20; 9:23; 10:13. a serpent. Ps. 74:12, 13. Eze. 29:3.
10 as the Lord. ver. 9. it became. ch. 4:3. Am. 9:3. Mar. 16:18. Lu. 10:19.
11 wise men. Ge. 41:8, 38, 39. Is. 19:11, 12; 47:12, 13. Da. 2:2, 27; 4:7–9; 5:7, 11. 2 Ti. 3:8. Re. 19:20. sorcerers. mechashshaphim, probably from the Arabic kashapha, to discover, reveal, signifies diviners, or those who pretended to reveal futurity, to discover things lost, or to find hidden treasures. they also. ver. 22; ch. 8:7, 18. De. 13:1–3. Mat. 24:24. Ga. 3:1. Ep. 4:14. 2 Th. 2:9. Re. 13:11–15. enchantments. By the word lahatim, from lahat, to burn, may be meant such incantations as required lustral fires, fumigations, etc.
12 but Aaron’s. ch. 8:18, 19; 9:11. Ac. 8:9–13; 13:8–11; 19:19, 20. 1 Jno. 4:4.
13 ver. 4; ch. 4:21; 8:15; 10:1, 20, 27; 14:17. De. 2:30. Zec. 7:11, 12. Ro. 1:28; 2:5. He. 3:7, 8, 13.
14 Pharaoh’s. ch. 8:15; 10:1, 20, 27. Zec. 7:12. he refuseth. ch. 4:23; 8:2; 9:2; 10:4. Is. 1:20. Je. 8:5; 9:6. He. 12:25.
15 he goeth. ch. 2:5; 8:20. Eze. 29:3. the rod. ver. 10; ch. 4:2–4.
16 The Lord. ch. 3:18; 5:3; 9:1, 13; 10:3. 1 Sa. 4:6–9. Let my. ch. 8:1, 20; 13:15; 14:5. Is. 45:13. Je. 50:33. Ac. 4:21–23. serve. ch. 3:12, 18; 5:1–3; 9:1.
17 thou shalt. ver. 5; ch. 5:2; 6:7. 1 Sa. 17:46, 47. 1 Ki. 20:28. 2 Ki. 19:19. Ps. 9:16; 83:18. Eze. 29:9; 30:8, 19; 32:15; 38:23; 39:28. Da. 4:17, 32, 37; 5:21, 23. and they. ch. 1:22; 4:9. Ps. 78:44; 105:29. Re. 8:8; 16:3–6.
18 the fish. ver. 21. Egyptians. ‘The water of Egypt,’ says the Abbé MASCRIER, ‘is so delicious, that one would not wish the heat to be less, or to be delivered from the sensation of thirst. The Turks find it so exquisite, that they excite themselves to drink of it by eating salt.’ ‘A person,’ adds Mr. HARMER, ‘who never before heard of the deliciousness of the Nile water, and of the large quantities which on that account are drunk of it, will, I am sure, find an energy in those words of Moses to Pharaoh, the Egyptians shall loathe to drink of the water of the river, which he never did before.’ shall loathe. ver. 24. Nu. 11:20; 21:5.
19 stretch. ch. 8:5, 6, 16; 9:22, 23, 33; 10:12, 21; 14:21, 26. their pools. Heb. gathering of their waters. Ge. 1:10.
20 he lifted. ch. 17:5, 6, 9–12. Nu. 20:8–12. all the waters. As the Nile was held sacred by the Egyptians, as well as the animals it contained, to which they annually sacrificed a girl, or as others say, both a boy and girl, God might have designed this plague as a punishment for such idolatry and cruelty; and to shew them the baseness of those elements which they reverenced, and the insufficiency of the gods in which they trusted. All the punishments brought upon them bore a strict analogy to their crimes. ver. 17, 18. Ps. 78:44; 105:29. Jno. 2:9–11. Re. 8:8.
21 ver. 18. Re. 8:9. The first miracle of Christ turned water into wine, the first plague upon Egypt turned all their water into blood.
22 magicians. ver. 11; ch. 8:7, 8. Je. 27:18. 2 Ti. 3:8. and Pharaoh’s. See on ver. 13. as the. ver. 3.
23 neither. ch. 9:21. De. 32:46. 1 Sa. 4:20. marg. Job 7:17. Ps. 62:10. Pr. 22:17; 24:32. marg. 29:1. Is. 26:11. Je. 5:3; 36:24. Eze. 40:4. Am. 4:7–12. Hab. 1:5. Ma. 2:2.
24 for they. ver. 18–21.
25 ch. 8:9, 10; 10:23. 2 Sa. 24:13.


  CHAP. 8

  Frogs are sent, 1–7. Pharaoh sues to Moses, who by prayer removes them away, 8–15. The dust is turned into lice, which the magicians could not do, 16–19. The plague of flies, 20–24. Pharaoh inclines to let the people go, but yet is hardened, 25–32.

1 Go. Je. 1:17–19; 15:19–21. Eze. 2:6, 7. Let my. See on ch. 3:12, 18; 5:1; 7:16.
2 refuse. See on ch. 7:14; 9:2. frogs. The Hebrew tzephardêim is evidently the same with the Arabic zafda, Chaldaic oordeânaya, and Syriac oordeai, all of which denote frogs, as almost all interpreters, both ancient and modern, agree to render it; BOCHART conceives, from tzifa, a bank, and radâ, mud, because of delighting in muddy and marshy places. Ps. 78:45; 105:30. Re. 16:13, 14.
3 kneading troughs. or, dough. ch. 12:34.
4 Ps. 107:40. Is. 19:11, 22; 23:9. Da. 4:37. Ac. 12:22, 23.
5 ch. 7:19.
6 and the frogs. Whether the frog among the Egyptians was an object of reverence or abhorrence is uncertain. It might have been both at the same time, as many objects are known to have been among particular nations; for proof of which see the very learned JACOB BRYANT, on the Plagues of Egypt, 31–34. Le. 11:12. Ps. 78:45; 105:30. Re. 16:13.
7 ch. 7:11, 22. De. 13:1–3. Mat. 24:24. 2 Th. 2:9–11. 2 Ti. 3:8. Re. 13:14.
8 Intreat. ch. 5:2; 9:28; 10:17. Nu. 21:7. 1 Sa. 12:19. 1 Ki. 13:6. Ac. 8:24. and I will. ver. 25–28; ch. 10:8–11, 24–27; 12:31, 32; 14:5. Ps. 66:3, marg.; 78:34–36. Je. 34:8–16.
9 Glory over me. or, Have this honour over me. Ju. 7:2. 1 Ki. 18:25. Is. 10:15. when. or, against when. to destroy. Heb. to cut off. ver. 13.
10 To-morrow. or, against to-morrow. Pr. 27:1. Ja. 4:14. there is none. ch. 9:14, 29; 15:11. De. 32:31; 33:26. 2 Sa. 7:22. 1 Ch. 17:20. Ps. 9:16; 83:18; 86:8; 89:6–8. Is. 40:25; 46:9. Je. 10:6, 7.
11 ver. 3, 9.
12 See on ver. 8, 30; ch. 9:33; 10:18; 32:11. 1 Sa. 12:23. Eze. 36:37. Ja. 5:16–18.
13 De. 34:10–12.
14 and the. ver. 24; ch. 7:21. Is. 34:2. Eze. 39:11. Joel 2:20.
15 saw. ch. 14:5. Ec. 8:11. Is. 26:10. Je. 34:7–11. Ho. 6:4. he hardened. See on ch. 4:21; 7:4, 13, 14. Pr. 29:1. Zec. 7:11, 12. He. 3:8, 15. Re. 16:9.
16 Stretch. ver. 5, 17. lice. The word kinnim is rendered by the LXX. σκιφες, σκιπες, or σκνηφες, and by the Vulgate sciniphes, GNATS; and Mr. HARMER supposes he has found out the true meaning in the word tarrentes, a species of worm. BOCHART, however, seems to have proved that LICE, and not gnats, are meant; because, 1. they sprang from the dust, and not from the waters; 2. they were on both man and beast, which cannot be said of gnats; 3. their name is derived from koon, to make firm, fix, establish, which cannot agree with gnats, flies, etc., which are ever changing place, and almost constantly on the wing; 4. the term kinnah is used by the Talmudists to express the louse. This insect must have been a very dreadful and afflicting plague to the Egyptians, and especially to the priests, who were obliged to shave all their hair off, and to wear a single linen tunic, to prevent vermin harbouring about them.
17 lice in man. Ps. 105:31. Is. 23:9. Ac. 12:23.
18 the magicians. ch. 7:11. they could. ch. 9:11. Ge. 41:8. Is. 19:12; 47:12, 13. Da. 2:10, 11; 4:7; 5:8. Lu. 10:18. 2 Ti. 3:8, 9.
19 This is. 1 Sa. 6:3, 9. Ps. 8:3. Da. 2:10, 11, 19. Mat. 12:28. Lu. 11:20. Jno. 11:47. Ac. 4:16. and Pharaoh’s. See on ver. 15.
20 lo. ch. 7:15. Let my. ver. 1.
21 swarms. or, a mixture of noisome beasts, etc. The word arov is rendered κυνομυια, the dog-fly, by the LXX. (who are followed by the learned BOCHART,) which must have been particularly hateful to the Egyptians, because they held dogs in the highest veneration, under which form they worshipped Anubis. Ps. 78:45; 105:31. Is. 7:18.
22 sever. ch. 9:4, 6, 26; 10:23; 11:6, 7; 12:13. Mal. 3:18. know. See on ver. 10; ch. 7:17. Eze. 30:19. midst. Ps. 74:12; 110:2.
23 a division. Heb. a redemption. to-morrow. or, by to-morrow.
24 there. ver. 21. Ps. 78:45; 105:31. the land. How intolerable a plague of flies can prove, is evident from the fact, that whole districts have been laid waste by them. The inhabitants have been forced to quit their cities, not being able to stand against the flies and gnats with which they were pestered. Hence different people had deities whose office it was to defend them against flies. Among these may be reckoned Baalzebub, the fly-god of Ekron; Hercules, muscarum abactor, Hercules, the expeller of flies; and hence Jupiter had the titles of απομυιος, μυιαγρος, μυιοχορος, because he was supposed to expel flies, and especially clear his temples of these insects. See BRYANT. See on ver. 14. corrupted. or, destroyed.
25 See on ver. 8; ch. 9:27; 10:16; 12:31. Re. 3:9.
26 It is not. ch. 3:18. 2 Co. 6:14–17. we shall. Ge. 43:32; 46:34. De. 7:25, 26; 12:30, 31. Ezr. 9:1. Is. 44:19. the abomination. i.e., The animals which they worshipped; for an account of which, see note on ch. 9:3. 1 Ki. 11:5–7. 2 Ki. 23:18.
27 three days’. ch. 3:18; 5:1. as he shall. ch. 3:12; 10:26; 34:11. Le. 10:1. Mat. 28:20.
28 I will. Ho. 10:2. intreat. See on ver. 8, 29; ch. 9:28; 10:17 1 Ki. 13:6. Ezr. 6:10. Ec. 6:10. Ac. 8:24.
29 to-morrow. ver. 10. deal. ver. 8, 15. Ps. 66:3, marg.; 78:34–37. Je. 42:20, 21. Ac. 5:3, 4. Gal. 6:7.
30 ver. 12.
32 See on ver. 15; ch. 4:21; 7:13, 14. Is. 63:17. Ac. 28:26, 27. Ro. 2:5. Ja. 1:13, 14.


  CHAP. 9

  The murrain of beasts, 1–7. The plague of boils and blains, 8–12. The message of Moses about the hail, 13–21. The plague of hail, 22–26. Pharaoh sues to Moses, but yet is hardened, 27–35.

1 ver. 13; ch. 3:18; 4:22, 23; 5:1; 8:1, 20; 10:3.
2 ch. 4:23; 8:2; 10:4. Le. 26:14–16, 23, 24, 27, 28. Ps. 7:11, 12; 68:21. Is. 1:20. Ro. 2:8. Re. 2:21, 22; 16:9.
3 the hand. ch. 7:4; 8:19. 1 Sa. 5:6–11; 6:9. Ac. 13:11. murrain. We may observe a particular scope and meaning in this calamity, if we consider it in regard to the Egyptians, which would not have existed in respect to any other people. They held in idolatrous reverence almost every animal, but some they held in particular veneration; as the ox, cow, and ram. Among these, Apis and Mnevis are well known; the former being a sacred bull, worshipped at Memphis, as the latter was at Heliopolis. A cow or heifer had the like honours at Momemphis; and the same practice seems to have been adopted in most of the Egyptian nomes. By the infliction of this judgment, the Egyptian deities sank before the God of the Hebrews. See BRYANT, 87–93; ch. 5:3.
4 ch. 8:22; 10:23; 12:13. Is. 65:13, 14. Mal. 3:18.
5 a set time. ver. 18; ch. 8:23; 10:4. Nu. 16:5. Job 24:1. Ec. 3:1–11. Je. 28:16, 17. Mat. 27:63, 64.
6 ver. 19, 25. Ps. 78:48, 50.
7 the heart. ver. 12; ch. 7:14; 8:32. Job 9:4. Pr. 29:1. Is. 48:4. Da. 5:20. Ro. 9:18.
8 Take to. This was a significant command; not only referring to the fiery furnace, which was a type of the slavery of the Israelites, but to a cruel rite common among the Egyptians. They had several cities styled Typhonian, in which at particular seasons they sacrificed men, who were burnt alive; and the ashes of the victim were scattered upwards in the air, with the view, probably, that where any atom of dust was carried, a blessing was entailed. The like, therefore, was done by Moses, though with a different intention, and more certain effect. See BRYANT, 93–106; ch. 8:16.
9 a boil. Le. 13:18–20. De. 28:27, 35. Job 2:7. Re. 16:2.
10 a boil. De. 28:27.
11 ch. 7:11, 12; 8:18, 19. Is. 47:12–14. 2 Ti. 3:8, 9. Re. 16:2.
12 See on ch. 4:21; 7:13, 14. Ps. 81:11, 12. Re. 16:10, 11. Hardness of heart is a figurative expression, denoting that insensibility of mind upon which neither judgments nor mercies make any abiding impressions; but the conscience being stupified, the obdurate rebel persists in determined disobedience.
13 ver. 1; ch. 7:15; 8:20.
14 send all. Le. 26:18, 21, 28. De. 28:15–17, 59–61; 29:20–22; 32:39–42. 1 Sa. 4:8. 1 Ki. 8:38. Je. 19:8. Mi. 6:13. Re. 18:8; 22:18. that thou. See on ch. 8:10.
15 stretch, ver. 3, 6, 16; ch. 3:20. that. ch. 11:4–6; 12:29, 30. cut off. ch. 14:28. 1 Ki. 13:34. Pr. 2:22.
16 deed. ch. 14:17. Ps. 83:17, 18. Pr. 16:4. Ro. 9:17, 22. 1 Pe. 2:8, 19. Jude 4. raised thee up. Heb. made thee stand. for to. ch. 14:4; 15:11–16; 18:11. Jos. 2:10, 11. 1 Sa. 4:8. Ps. 136:10–15. that my. 1 Ch. 16:24. Ps. 64:9; 83:17, 18. Is. 63:12–14. Mal. 1:11, 14. Ro. 9:17.
17 Job 9:4; 15:25, 26; 40:9. Is. 10:15; 26:11; 37:23, 24, 29; 45:9. Ac. 12:23. 1 Co. 10:22.
18 to-morrow. 1 Ki. 19:2; 20:6. 7:1, 18. I will cause. This must have been a circumstance of all others the most incredible to an Egyptian; for in Egypt there fell no rain, the want of which was supplied by dews, and the overflowing of the Nile. The Egyptians must, therefore, have perceived themselves particularly aimed at in these fearful events, especially as they were very superstitious. There seems likewise a propriety in their being punished by fire and water, as they were guilty of the grossest idolatry towards these elements. Scarcely any thing could have distressed the Egyptians more than the destruction of the flax, as the whole nation wore linen garments. The ruin of their barley was equally fatal, both to their trade and to their private advantage. See BRYANT, 108–117. ver. 22–25. Ps. 83:15.
19 and gather. Hab. 3:2. the hail. ver. 25.
20 Pr. 16:16; 22:3, 23. Jon. 3:5, 6. Mar. 13:14–16. He. 11:7.
21 regarded not. Heb. set not his heart unto. ch. 7:23. 1 Sa. 4:20, marg. 1 Ch. 22:19. Job 7:17; 34:14. Pr. 24:32, marg. Eze. 40:4. Da. 10:12.
22 ch. 7:19; 8:5; 16. Re. 16:21.
23 the Lord sent. ch. 19:16; 20:18. 1 Sa. 12:17, 18. Job 37:1–5. Ps. 29:3; 77:18. Re. 16:18, 21. and hail. Jos. 10:11. Job 38:22, 23. Ps. 18:13; 78:47, 48; 105:32, 33; 148:8. Is. 30:30. Eze. 38:22. Re. 8:7.
24 none like. ver. 23; ch. 10:6. Mat. 24:21.
25 smote every. Ps. 105:33.
26 ch. 8:22, etc.; 9:4, 6; 10:23; 11:7; 12:13. Is. 32:18, 19.
27 I have. ch. 10:16. Nu. 22:34. 1 Sa. 15:24, 30; 26:21. Mat. 27:4. the Lord. 2 Ch. 12:6. Ps. 9:16; 129:4; 145:17. La. 1:18. Da. 9:14. Ro. 2:5; 3:19.
28 Intreat. ch. 8:8, 28; 10:17. Ac. 8:24. mighty thunderings. Heb. voices of God. Ps. 29:3, 4. ye shall. ch. 11:1.
29 spread. ver. 33. 1 Ki. 8:22, 38. 2 Ch. 6:12, 13. Ezr. 9:5. Job 11:13. Ps. 143:6. Is. 1:15. that the earth. De. 10:14. Ps. 24:1, 2; 50:12; 95:4, 5; 135:6. 1 Co. 10:26, 28.
30 Pr. 16:6. Is. 26:10; 63:17.
31 flax. The word pishteh, flax, Mr. PARKHURST thinks may be derived from pashat, to strip, because the substance which we call flax is properly the filaments of the bark or rind of the vegetable, stripped off the stalks. From time immemorial, Egypt was celebrated for the production and manufacture of flax; and hence the linen and fine linen of Egypt, so often spoken of in scripture and ancient authors, the barley. The Hebrew seórah, barley, in Arabic shair, and shairat, is so called from its rough, bristly beard, with which the ears are covered and defended; from saâr, to stand on end as the hair of the head: hence seâr, the hair of the head. So its Latin name hordeum is from horreo, to stand on end as the hair. Dr. POCOCKE has observed that there is a double seed time and harvest in Egypt; rice, India wheat, and a grain called the corn of Damascus, are sown and reaped at a very different time from wheat, barley, and flax. The first are sown in March, before the overflowing of the Nile, and reaped about October; whereas the wheat and barley are sown in November and December, as soon as the Nile has gone off, and reaped before May. Ru. 1:22; 2:23. Am. 4:9. Hab. 3:17.
32 not grown up. Heb. hidden, or dark.
33 spread. ver. 29; ch. 8:12. and the thunders. ch. 10:18, 19. Ja. 5:17, 18.
34 saw. ch. 8:15. Ec. 8:11. and hardened. ch. 4:21; 7:14. 2 Ch. 28:22; 33:23; 36:13. Ro. 2:4, 5. as the Lord. ch. 4:21; 7:3, 4; 11:9, 10. by Moses. Heb. by the hand of Moses. ch. 4:13.


  CHAP. 10

  God threatens to send locusts, 1–6. Pharaoh moved by his servants, inclines to let the Israelites go, 7–11. The plague of the locusts, 12–15. Pharaoh intreats Moses, 16–20. The plague of darkness, 21–23. Pharaoh again intreats Moses, but yet is hardened, 24–29.

1 I have hardened. See on ch. 4:21; 7:13, 14; 9:27, 34, 35. Ps. 7:11. that I. ch. 3:20; 7:4; 9:16; 14:17, 18; 15:14, 15. Jos. 2:9, 10; 4:23, 24. 1 Sa. 4:8. Ro. 9:17.
2 And that. ch. 13:8, 9, 14. De. 4:9; 6:20–22. Ps. 44:1; 71:18; 78:5, 6. Joel 1:3. Ep. 6:4. that ye. See on ch. 7:17. Ps. 58:11. Eze. 20:26, 28.
3 How long. ch. 9:17; 16:28. Nu. 14:27. 1 Ki. 18:21. Pr. 1:22, 24. Je. 13:10. Eze. 5:6. He. 12:25. humble. 1 Ki. 21:29. 2 Ch. 7:14; 33:12, 19; 34:27. Job 42:6. Pr. 18:12. Is. 1:5; 2:11. Je. 13:18. Ro. 2:4. Ja. 4:10. 1 Pe. 5:6.
4 to morrow. ch. 8:10, 23; 9:5, 18; 11:4, 5. locusts. The word arbeh, LOCUST, is derived from ravah, to multiply, be numerous, etc., because they are more prolific than any other insect, and because of the immense swarms of them by which different countries, especially the East, are infested. The locust, in entomology, belongs to a genus of insects known among naturalists by the name of GRYLLI; which includes three species, crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. The common great brown locust is about three inches in length; has two antennæ about an inch long, and two pair of wings. The head and horns are brown; the month and inside of the larger legs bluish; the upper side of the body and upper wings brown, the former spotted with black, and the latter with dusky spots. The back is defended by a shield of a greenish hue: the under wings are of a light brown, tinctured with green, and nearly transparent. It has a large open mouth, in the two jaws of which it has four teeth, which traverse each other like scissors, being calculated, from their mechanism, to gripe or cut. The general appearance of the insect is that of the grasshopper. The Egyptians had gods in whom they trusted to deliver them from these terrible invaders; but by this judgment they were taught that it was impossible to stand before Moses, the servant of Jehovah. Pr. 30:27. Joel 1:4–7; 2:2–11, 25. Re. 9:3.
5 face. Heb. eye. ver. 15. the residue. ch. 9:32. Joel 1:4; 2:25.
6 fill. ch. 8:3, 21. which. ver. 14, 15; ch. 9:24; 11:6. Joel. 2:2. And he. ver. 11; ch. 11:8. He. 11:27.
7 How long. ver. 3. snare. ch. 23:33. Jos. 23:13. 1 Sa. 18:21. Pr. 29:6. Ec. 7:26. 1 Co. 7:35. that Egypt. Ps. 107:34. Is. 14:20; 51:9. Je. 48:4; 51:8. Zep. 1:18.
8 brought. ver. 16, 24; ch. 12:31. who. Heb. who, and who, etc.
9 We will go. Ge. 50:8. De. 31:12, 13 Jos. 24:15. Ps. 148:12, 13. Ec. 12:1. Ep. 6:4. our flocks. Pr. 3:9. a feast. ch. 3:18; 5:1, 3; 8:25–28; 13:6. Nu. 29:12. 1 Co. 5:7, 8.
10 be so. Ex. 12:30, 31; 13:21. look to it. 2 Ch. 32:15. La. 3:37.
11 for that. Ps. 52:3, 4; 119:69. And they. ver. 28; ch. 5:4.
12 Stretch. ch. 7:19. eat every. ver. 4, 5.
13 east wind. ch. 14:21. Ge. 41:6. Ps. 78:26; 107:25–28; 148:8. Jon. 1:4; 4:8. Mat. 8:27.
14 the locusts. De. 28:42. 1 Ki. 8:37. Ps. 78:46; 105:34, 35. Re. 9:3–7. very grievous. ver. 5. Joel 1:2–4. before. ver. 6; ch. 11:6. Joel 2:2.
15 For they. ver. 5. Joel 1:6, 7; 2:1–11, 25. did eat. Ps. 78:46; 105:35.
16 called for. Heb. hastened to call. I have. ch. 9:27. Nu. 21:7; 22:34. 1 Sa. 15:24, 30; 26:21. 2 Sa. 19:20. Job 34:31, 32. Pr. 28:13. Mat. 27:4.
17 forgive. 1 Sa. 15:25. and intreat. See on ch. 8:8; 9:28. 1 Ki. 13:6. Is. 26:16. Ro. 15:30. Ac. 8:24. this death. 2 Ki. 4:40. 2 Co. 1:10.
18 went. ch. 8:30. and intreated. See on ch. 8:9, 28, 29. Mat. 5:44. Lu. 6:28.
19 a mighty. ver. 13. cast. Heb. fastened. the Red sea. ch. 13:18; 15:4. Joel 2:20. He. 11:29.
20 See on ch. 4:21; 7:13, 14; 9:12; 11:10. De. 2:30. Is. 6:9, 10. Jno. 12:39, 40. Ro. 9:18. 2 Th. 2:11, 12.
21 Stretch, ch. 9:22. darkness. As the Egyptians not only worshipped the light and sun, but also paid the same veneration to night and darkness, nothing could be more terrible than this punishment of palpable and coercive darkness, such as their luminary Osiris could not dispel. See BRYANT, 141–160. Ps. 35:6; 78:49; 105:28. Pr. 4:19. Ec. 2:14; 6:4. Is. 8:21, 22. Mat. 27:45. Mar. 15:33. Lu. 23:44. 2 Pe. 2:4, 17. Jude 6, 13. Re. 16:10, 11. even darkness which may be felt. Heb. that one may feel darkness.
22 thick darkness. ch. 20:21. De. 4:11; 5:22. Ps. 105:28. Joel 2:2, 31. Am. 4:13 Re. 16:10.
23 but all. ch. 8:22; 9:4, 26; 14:20. Jos. 24:7. Is. 42:16; 60:1–3; 65:13, 14. Mal. 3:18. Col. 1:13. 1 Pe. 2:9.
24 Go ye. ver. 8, 9; ch. 8:28; 9:28. flocks. Ge. 34:23. little ones. ver. 10.
25 us. Heb. into our hands. sacrifices. ch. 29:36–41. Le. 9:22; 16:9.
26 cattle. ch. 12:32. Is. 23:18; 60:5–10. Ho. 5:6. Zec. 14:20. Ac. 2:44, 45. 2 Co. 8:5. and we. Pr. 3:9. He. 11:8.
27 See on ver. 1, 20; ch. 4:21; 14:4, 8. Re. 9:20; 16:10, 11.
28 Get thee. ver. 11. for in that. 2 Ch. 16:10; 25:16. Am. 7:13.
29 I will see. ch. 11:4–8; 12:30, 31. He. 11:27.


  CHAP. 11

  God’s message to the Israelites to borrow jewels of their neighbours, 1–3. Moses threatens Pharaoh with the death of the firstborn, 4–10.

1 Yet will. ch. 9:14. Le. 26:21. De. 4:34. 1 Sa. 6:4. Job 10:17. Re. 16:9. afterwards. ch. 3:20. Ge. 15:14. thrust you. ch. 12:31–39.
2 borrow. ch. 3:22; 12:1, 2, 35, 36. Ge. 31:9. Job 27:16, 17. Ps. 24:1; 105:37. Pr. 13:22. Ha. 2:8. Mat. 20:15. jewels. ch. 32:2–4, 24; 35:22. Eze. 16:10–13.
3 the Lord. ch. 3:21; 12:36. Ge. 39:21. Ps. 106:46. Moses. Ge. 12:2. 2 Sa. 7:9. Es. 9:4. Is. 60:14. Ac. 7:22. Re. 3:9.
4 About. ch. 12:12, 23, 29. Job 34:20. Am. 4:10; 5:17. Mat. 25:6. will I go. 2 Sa. 5:24. Ps. 60:10. Is. 42:13. Mi. 2:13.
5 the firstborn. ch. 4:23; 12:12, 29; 13:15. Ps. 78:51; 105:36; 135:8; 136:10. He. 11:28. behind. Ju. 16:21. Is. 47:2. La. 5:13. Mat. 24:41.
6 ch. 3:7; 12:30. Pr. 21:13. Is. 15:4, 5, 8. Je. 31:15. La. 3:8. Am. 5:17. Zep. 1:10. Lu. 13:28. Re. 6:16, 17; 18:18, 19.
7 dog. Jos. 10:21. Job 5:16. a difference. See on ch. 7:22; 10:23. Mal. 3:18. 1 Co. 4:7.
8 And all. ch. 12:31–33. Is. 49:23, 26. Re. 3:9. follow thee. Heb. is at thy feet. Ju. 4:10; 8:5. 1 Ki. 20:10. 2 Ki. 3:9, marg. a great anger. Heb. heat of anger. Nu. 12:3. De. 29:24; 32:24. Ps. 6:1. Eze. 3:14. Da. 3:19. Mar. 3:5.
9 Pharaoh. ch. 3:19; 7:4; 10:1. Ro. 9:16–18. wonders. See on ch. 7:3.
10 the Lord. See on ch. 4:21; 7:13, 14; 10:20, 27. De. 2:30. 1 Sa. 6:6. Job 9:4. Ro. 2:4, 5; 9:22.


  CHAP. 12

  The beginning of the year is changed, 1, 2. The passover is instituted, 3–10. The import of the rite of the passover, 11–14. Unleavened bread, etc., 15–28. The firstborn are slain, 29, 30. The Israelites are driven out of the land, 31–36. They come to Succoth, 37–40. The time of their sojourning, 41, 42. The ordinance of the passover, 43–51.

2 A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Exod. Isr. 1. Abib or Nisan. ch. 13:4; 23:15; 34:18. Le. 23:5. Nu. 28:16. De. 16:1. Es. 3:7.
3 Speak ye. ch. 4:30; 6:6; 14:15; 20:19. Le. 1:2. In the tenth. ver. 6. Jno. 12:1, 12. take to. Ge. 4:4; 22:8. 1 Sa. 7:9. Jno. 1:29, 36. 1 Co. 5:7. Re. 5:6–13; 7:9–14; 13:8. lamb. or, kid. The word seh means the young of both sheep and goats, and may be indifferently rendered either lamb or kid. It is evident from ver. 5 that the Hebrews might take either; but they generally preferred a lamb, from being of a more gentle nature. Le. 5:6. Nu. 15:11. 2 Ch. 35:7. an house. The Israelites were divided into twelve tribes, these tribes into families, the families into houses, and the houses into particular persons. Nu. ch. 1. Jos. 7:14.
5 be without. Le. 1:3, 10; 22:19–24. De. 17:1. Mal. 1:7, 8, 14. He. 7:26; 9:13, 14. 1 Pe. 1:18, 19. a male of the first year. Heb. son of a year. Le. 23:12. 1 Sa. 13:1, marg.
6 fourteenth. Le. 23:5. Nu. 9:3; 28:16, 18. De. 16:1–6. 2 Ch. 30:15. Eze. 45:21. the whole. 2 Ch. 30:15–18. Is. 53:6. Mat. 27:20, 25. Mar. 15:1, 8, 11, 25, 33, 34. Lu. 23:1, 18. Ac. 2:23; 3:14; 4:27. in the evening. Heb. between the two evenings. The Jews divided the day into morning and evening: till the sun passed the meridian, all was morning or forenoon; after that, all was evening or afternoon. Their first evening began just after twelve o’clock, and continued till sunset; their second evening began at sunset, and continued till night, i.e. during the whole time of twilight; between twelve o’clock, therefore, and the termination of twilight, the passover was to be offered. See Parallel Passages. ch. 16:12. Mat. 27:46–50.
7 ver. 22, 23. Ep. 1:7. He. 9:13, 14, 22; 10:14, 29; 11:28. 1 Pe. 1:2.
8 eat the. Mat. 26:26. Jno. 6:52–57. roast. De. 16:7. Ps. 22:14. Is. 53:10. unleavened. ch. 13:3, 7; 34:25. Nu. 9:11. De. 16:3. Am. 4:5. Mat. 16:12. 1 Co. 5:6–8. Ga. 5:9. with bitter. Ex. 1:14. Nu. 9:11. Zec. 12:10. 1 Th. 1:6.
9 but roast with fire. ver. 8. De. 16:7. La. 1:13.
10 ch. 23:18; 29:34; 34:25. Le. 7:15–17; 22:30. De. 16:4, 5.
11 loins. Mat. 26:19, 20. Lu. 12:35. Ep. 6:14. 1 Pe. 1:13. shoes. Lu. 7:38; 15:22. Ep. 6:15. it is the. ver. 27. Le. 23:5. Nu. 28:16. De. 16:2–6. 1 Co. 5:7.
12 pass. ver. 23; ch. 11:4, 5. Am. 5:17. will smite. See on ver. 29, 30; ch. 11:4–6. against. Nu. 33:4. 1 Sa. 5:3; 6:5. 1 Ch. 14:12. Is. 19:1. Je. 43:13. Zep. 2:11. gods. or, princes. ch. 21:6; 22:28. Ps. 82:1, 6. Jno. 10:34, 35. I am the Lord. ch. 6:2. Is. 43:11–15. Eze. 12:16.
13 the blood. ver. 23. Ge. 17:11. Jos. 2:12. He. 11:28. and when. 1 Th. 1:10. 1 Jno. 1:7. to destroy you. Heb. for a destruction.
14 memorial. ch. 13:9. Nu. 16:40. Jos. 4:7. Ps. 111:4; 135:13. Zec. 6:14. Mat. 26:13. Lu. 22:19. 1 Co. 11:23–26. a feast. Ex. 5:1. De. 16:11. Ne. 8:9–12. by an ordinance. ver. 17, 24, 43; ch. 13:10. Le. 23:4, 5. Nu. 10:8; 18:8. De. 16:1. 1 Sa. 30:25. 2 Ki. 23:21. Eze. 46:14. 1 Co. 5:7, 8.
15 Seven. See on ver. 8; ch. 13:6, 7, etc.; 23:15; 34:18, 25. Le. 23:5–8. Nu. 28:17. De. 16:3, 5, 8. Mat. 16:12. Lu. 12:1. Ac. 12:3. that soul. ver. 19, 20; ch. 31:14. Ge. 17:14. Le. 17:10, 14. Nu. 9:13. Mal. 2:12. Ga. 5:12.
16 first day. Le. 23:2, 3, 7, 8, 21, 24, 25, 27, 35. Nu. 28:18, 25; 29:1, 12. no manner. ch. 16:5, 23, 29; 20:10; 35:2, 3. Je. 17:21, 22. man. Heb. soul.
17 in this selfsame. ch. 7:5; 13:8. Nu. 20:16. an ordinance. See on ver. 14.
18 See on ver. 1, 15. Le. 23:5, 6. Nu. 28:16.
19 Seven. ch. 23:15; 34:18. De. 16:3. 1 Co. 5:7, 8. even that. See on ver. 15. Nu. 9:13. whether. ver. 43, 48.
21 elders. ch. 3:16; 17:5; 19:7. Nu. 11:16. and take. ver. 3. Nu. 9:2–5. Jos. 5:10. 2 Ki. 23:21. 2 Ch. 30:15–17; 35:5, 6. Ezr. 6:20. Mat. 26:17–19. Mar. 14:12–16. Lu. 22:7, etc. 1 Co. 10:4. lamb. or, kid. ver. 3, marg. the passover. That is, the lamb which was called the paschal, or passover lamb; the animal sacrificed obtaining the name of the institution. St. Paul copies the expression in 1 Co. 5:7.
22 a bunch. Le. 14:6, 7. Nu. 19:18. Ps. 51:7. He. 9:1, 14, 19; 11:28; 12:24. 1 Pe. 1:2. hyssop. The word aizov, which has been variously rendered, most probably denotes HYSSOP; whence are derived the Chaldee aizova, Syriac zupha, Arabic zupha, Ethiopic azab, and hushopa, Greek υσσωπος, Latin hyssopus, German usop, and our hyssop, a name retained, with little variation, in all the western languages. It is a plant of the gymnospermia (naked seeded) order, belonging to the didynamia class. It has bushy stalks, growing a foot and a half high; small spear-shaped, close-sitting, and opposite leaves, with several smaller ones rising from the same joint; and all the stalks and branches terminated by erect whorled spikes of flowers, of different colours in the varieties of the plant. The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. Its detersive, cleansing, and medicinal qualities were probably the reason why it was so particularly recommended in Scripture. strike. ver. 7. and none. Mat. 26:30.
23 will pass through. See on ver. 12, 13. and will not. 2 Sa. 24:16. Is. 37:36. Eze. 9:4, 6. 1 Co. 10:10. He. 11:28; 12:24. Re. 7:3; 9:4.
24 See on ver. 14. Ge. 17:8–10.
25 when. De. 4:5; 12:8, 9; 16:5–9. Jos. 5:10–12. Ps. 105:44, 45. according. ch. 3:8, 17.
26 your children. ch. 13:8, 9, 14, 15, 18. De. 6:7; 11:19; 32:7. Jos. 4:6, 7, 21–24. Ps. 78:3–6; 145:4. Is. 38:19. Ep. 6:4.
27 It is the sacrifice. See on ver. 11, 23; ch. 34:25. De. 16:2, 5. 1 Cor. 5:7. bowed. ch. 4:31; 34:8. 1 Ch. 29:20. 2 Ch. 20:18; 29:30. Ne. 8:6.
28 He. 11:28.
29 at midnight. See on ver. 12; ch. 11:4; 13:15. Job. 34:20. 1 Th. 5:2, 3. the Lord smote. The infliction of this judgment on the Egyptians was most equitable; because, after their nation had been preserved by one of the Israelitish family, they had, contrary to all right, and in defiance of original stipulation, enslaved the people to whom they had been so much indebted, had murdered their offspring, and made their bondage intolerable. See BRYANT, 160. Nu. 3:13; 8:17; 33:4. Ps. 78:51; 105:36; 135:8; 136:10. Heb. 11:28; 12:23. the first-born of Pharaoh. ch. 4:23; 11:5. dungeon. Heb. house of the pit. Is. 24:22; 51:14. Je. 38:6, 13. Zec. 9:11.
30 and there was a great cry. No people were more remarkable and frantic in their mournings than the Egyptians. When a relative died, every one left the house, and the women, with their hair loose, and their bosoms bare, ran wild about the street. The men also, with their apparel equally disordered, kept them company; all shrieking, howling, and beating themselves. What a scene of horror and distress must now have presented itself, when there was not a family in Egypt where there was not one dead! See on ch. 11:6. Pr. 21:13. Am. 5:17. Mat. 25:6. Ja. 2:13.
31 called. ch. 10:29. Rise up. ch. 3:19, 20; 6:1; 11:1, 8. Ps. 105:38. the children. See on ch. 10:9.
32 your flocks. See on ch. 10:26. bless me. ch. 8:28; 9:28. Ge. 27:34, 38.
33 urgent. ch. 11:1. Ps. 105:38. We be all. Ge. 20:3. Nu. 17:12, 13.
34 kneading troughs. or, dough. ch. 8:3. Probably like the kneading-troughs of the Arabs: comparatively small wooden bowls, which also serve them for dishes. Their being bound up in their clothes may mean no more than their being wrapped up in their hykes, or long, loose, garments. See SHAW’S Travels, 224, 4 to. edit.
35 ch. 3:21, 22; 11:2, 3. Ge. 15:14. Ps. 105:37.
36 the Lord. ch. 3:21; 11:3. Ge. 39:21. Pr. 16:7. Da. 1:9. Ac. 2:47; 7:10. they spoiled. ch. 3:22. Ge. 15:14. Ps. 105:37.
37 the children. Nu. 33:3, 5. Rameses. ch. 1:11. Ge. 47:11. six hundred. ch. 38:26. Ge. 12:2; 15:5; 46:3. Nu. 1:46; 11:21.
38 And a mixed multitude. Heb. a great mixture. Nu. 11:4. Zec. 8:23.
39 thrust. ver. 33; ch. 6:1; 11:1.
40 The Samaritan Pentateuch reads, ‘Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, and of their fathers in the land of Canaan and in the land of Egypt, was 430 years.’ The Alexandrine copy of the LXX. has the same reading; and the same statement is made by the apostle PAUL, in Ga. 3:17, who reckons from the promise made to Abraham to the giving of the law. That these three witnesses have the truth, the chronology itself proves; for it is evident that the descendants of Israel did not dwell 430 years in Egypt; while it is equally evident, that the period from Abraham’s entry into Canaan to the Exodus, is exactly that number. Thus, from Abraham’s entrance into the promised land to the birth of Isaac, was 25 years; Isaac was 60 at the birth of Jacob; Jacob was 130 at his going into Egypt; where he and his children continued 215 years more; making in the whole 430 years. See KENNICOTT’S Dissertation on the Hebrew Text. sojourning. Ac. 13:17. He. 11:9. four hundred. Ge. 12:1–3; 15:13. Ac. 7:6. Ga. 3:16, 17.
41 selfsame. Ps. 102:13. Da. 9:24. Hab. 2:3. Jno. 7:8. Ac. 1:7. hosts. ver. 51; ch. 7:4. Jos. 5:14.
42 a night to be much observed. Heb. a night of observations. observed. ver. 14. De. 16:1–6.
43 There shall. ver. 48. Le. 22:10. Nu. 9:14. Ep. 2:12.
44 circumcised. Ge. 17:12, 13, 23.
45 Le. 22:10. Ep. 2:12.
46 one house. 1 Co. 12:12. Ep. 2:19–22. neither. Nu. 9:12. Jno. 19:33, 36.
47 All the. ver. 3, 6. Nu. 9:13. keep it. Heb. do it.
48 a stranger. ver. 43. Nu. 9:14; 15:15, 16. let all. Ge. 17:12. Eze. 44:9; 47:22. shall be. Ga. 3:28. Col. 3:11.
49 Le. 24:22. Nu. 9:14; 15:15, 16, 29. Ga. 3:28. Col. 3:11.
50 as the Lord. De. 4:1, 2; 12:32. Mat. 7:24, 25; 28:20. Jno. 2:5; 13:17; 15:14. Re. 22:15. by their armies. ver. 41; ch. 6:26; 7:4.


  CHAP. 13

  The firstborn are sanctified to God, 1, 2. The memorial of the passover is commanded, 3–10. The firstlings of man and beast are set apart, 11–16. The Israelites go out of Egypt, and carry Joseph’s bones with them, 17–19. They come to Etham, 20. God guides them by a pillar of a cloud, and a pillar of fire, 21, 22.

2 Sanctify. The word kadash is to consecrate, separate, and set apart a person or thing from all common or secular purposes to some religious use; and exactly answers to the Greek αγιαζω, from α, privative, and γη, the earth; because every thing offered or consecrated to God was separated from all earthly uses. ver. 12–15; ch. 4:22; 22:29, 30; 23:19; 34:19, 20. Le. 27:26. Nu. 3:13; 8:16, 17; 18:15. De. 15:19. Lu. 2:23. He. 12:23.
3 Remember. ch. 12:42; 20:8; 23:15. De. 5:15; 15:15; 16:3, 12; 24:18, 22. 1 Ch. 16:12. Ps. 105:5. Lu. 22:19. 1 Co. 11:24. out of the. ver. 14; ch. 20:2. De. 5:6; 6:12; 8:14; 13:5, 10. Jos. 24:17. bondage. Heb. servants. strength. ch. 6:1. De. 4:34; 11:2, 3. Ne. 9:10. Ep. 1:19. there. See on ch. 12:8, 15. Mat. 10:12. 1 Co. 5:8.
4 Abib. ch. 23:15; 34:18. De. 16:1–3.
5 shall bring. ch. 3:8; 34:11. Ge. 15:18–21. De. 7:1; 12:29; 19:1; 26:1. Jos. 24:11. sware. ch. 6:8 33:1. Ge. 17:7, 8; 22:16–18; 26:3; 50:24. Nu. 14:16, 30; 32:11. a land. See on ch. 3:17. thou shalt keep. See on ch. 12:25, 26.
6 See on ch. 12:15–20; 34:18. Le. 23:8.
7 ch. 12:19. Mat. 16:6.
8 See on ver. 14; ch. 12:26, 27. De. 4:9, 10. Ps. 44:1; 78:3–8. Is. 38:19. Ep. 6:4.
9 a sign. This expression, says MICHAELIS, alludes to the custom of the Orientals, of burning in their right hand all kinds of marks with the ashes of henna, which gives an indelible colour; and this is done even to this day. They were likewise accustomed to write all kinds of sayings, and frequently superstitious words, on slips or pieces of linen, which they wore as ornaments on their foreheads. ver. 16; ch. 12:14. Nu. 15:39. De. 6:6, 8; 11:18, 19. Pr. 1:9; 3:21; 6:20–23; 7:23. Ca. 8:6. Is. 49:16. Je. 22:24. Mat. 23:5. may be. De. 30:14. Jos. 1:8. Is. 59:21. Ro. 10:8. strong hand. ver. 3; ch. 6. Jos. 1:9. Ne. 1:10. Ps. 89:13. Is. 27:1; 40:10; 51:9. Joel 2:11. Re. 18:8.
10 ch. 12:14, 24; 23:15. Le. 23:6. De. 16:3, 4.
11 as he sware. See on ver. 5.
12 thou shalt. ver. 2; ch. 22:29; 34:19. Le. 27:26. Nu. 8:17; 18:15. De. 15:19. Eze. 44:30. set apart. Heb. cause to pass over. openeth. ch. 34:19. Nu. 3:12; 18:15.
13 of an ass. ch. 34:20. Nu. 18:15–17. lamb. or, kid. ch. 12:3, 21. shalt thou. Nu. 3:46–51; 18:15, 16. Re. 14:4.
14 thy son. ch. 12:26. De. 6:20–24. Jos. 4:6, 21–24. Ps. 145:4. in time to come. Heb. to-morrow. ch. 12:26. Ge. 30:33. De. 6:20. Jos. 4:6; 22:24. By strength. ver. 3.
15 the Lord slew. See on ch. 12:29. therefore I. See on ver. 12.
16 a token. ver. 9; ch. 12:13. frontlets. De. 6:7–9; 11:18. Mat. 23:5. for by. ver. 9, 14. De. 26:8.
17 the people repent. ch. 14:11, 12. Nu. 14:1–4. De. 20:8. Ju. 7:3. 1 Ki. 8:47. Lu. 14:27–32. Ac. 15:38. return. ch. 16:2, 3. De. 17:16. Ne. 9:17. Ac. 7:39.
18 led the. ch. 14:2. Nu. 33:6–8. De. 32:10. Ps. 107:7. harnessed. or, by five in a rank. ch. 12:51.
19 for he had. Ge. 50:24, 25. Jos. 24:32. Ac. 7:16. God. ch. 4:31. Ge. 48:21. Lu. 1:58; 7:16.
20 Nu. 33:5, 6.
21 ch. 14:19–24; 40:34–38. Nu. 9:15–23; 10:34; 14:14. De. 1:33. Ne. 9:12, 19. Ps. 78:14; 99:7; 105:39. Is. 4:5, 6. 1 Co. 10:1, 2.
22 He took. Ps. 121:5–8. pillar of fire. Re. 10:1.


  CHAP. 14

  God instructs the Israelites in their journey, 1–4. Pharaoh pursues after them, 5–9. The Israelites murmur, 10–12. Moses comforts them, 13, 14. God instructs Moses, 15–18. The cloud removes behind the camp, 19, 20. The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians, 21–31.

2 that they. ver. 9; ch. 13:17, 18. Nu. 33:7, 8. Pi-hahiroth. Pi-hachiroth, ‘the mouth of Chiroth,’ as it is rendered by the LXX. Dr. SHAW is of opinion, that Chiroth denotes the valley which extends from the wilderness of Etham to the Red Sea. ‘This valley,’ he observes, ‘ends at the sea in a small bay made by the eastern extremities of the mountains (of Gewoubee and Attackah, between which the valley lies) which I have been describing, and is called Tiah-Beni-Israel, i.e., the road of the Israelites, by a tradition that is still kept up by the Arabs, of their having passed through it; so it is also called Baideah, from the new and unheard of miracle that was wrought near it, by dividing the Red sea, and destroying therein Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.’ Migdol. The word Migdol signifies a tower, and hence some have supposed that it was a fortress which served to defend the bay. But the LXX. render it Μαγδωλος, Magdolus, which is mentioned by HERODOTUS, HECATÆUS, and others, and is expressly said by STEPHANUS (de Urb.) to be πολις Αιγυπτου, ‘a city of Egypt.’ This BOCHART conjectures to have been the same as Migdol. See the Parallel Passages. Je. 44:1; 46:14. Eze. 29:10. Heb. Baal-zephon. This may have been the name of a town or city in which Baal was worshipped; and probably called zephon, from being situated on the north point of the Red sea, near the present Suez.
3 Pharaoh. ch. 7:3, 4. De. 31:21. Ps. 139:2, 4. Eze. 38:10, 11, 17. Ac. 4:28. They are entangled. Ju. 16:2. 1 Sa. 23:7, 23. Ps. 3:2; 71:11. Je. 20:10, 11.
4 harden. ver. 8, 17; ch. 4:21, etc.; 7:3, 13, 14. Ro. 11:8. I will be. ver. 18; ch. 9:16; 15:10, 11, 14–16; 18:11. Ne. 9:10. Is. 2:11, 12. Eze. 20:9; 28:22; 39:13. Da. 4:30–37. Ro. 9:17, 22, 23. Re. 19:1–6. that the Egyptians. See on ch. 7:5, 17.
5 and the heart. ch. 12:33. Ps. 105:25. Why have we. Je. 34:10–17. Lu. 11:24–26. 2 Pe. 2:20–22.
7 ver. 23; ch. 15:4. Jos. 17:16–18. Ju. 4:3, 15. Ps. 20:7; 68:17. Is. 37:24.
8 the Lord. See on ver. 4. with an high hand. ch. 6:1; 13:9, 16, 18. Nu. 33:3. De. 26:8; 32:27. Ps. 86:13. Ac. 13:17.
9 the Egyptians. ch. 15:9. Jos. 24:6. encamping. See on ver. 2.
10 sore afraid. Ps. 53:5. Is. 7:2; 8:12, 13; 51:12, 13. Mat. 8:26; 14:30, 31. 1 Jno. 4:18. cried out. Jos. 24:7. 2 Ch. 18:31. Ne. 9:9. Ps. 34:17; 106:44; 107:6, 13, 19, 28. Is. 26:16. Je. 22:23. Mat. 8:25.
11 Because. ch. 15:23, 24; 16:2, 3; 17:2, 3. Nu. 11:1; 14:1–4; 16:41. Ps. 106:7, 8. wherefore. ch. 5:22. Ge. 43:6. Nu. 11:15.
12 Is not this. ch. 5:21; 3:9. Let us alone. Ho. 4:17. Mar. 1:24; 5:7, 17, 18. For it had. Jon. 4:3, 8.
13 Fear ye not. Nu. 14:9. De. 20:3. 2 Ki. 6:16. 2 Ch. 20:15, 17. Ps. 27:1, 2; 40:1–3. Is. 26:3; 30:15; 35:4; 41:10–14. Mat. 28:5. see the. ver. 30; ch. 15. Ge. 49:18. 1 Ch. 11:14. Ps. 3:8. Is. 43:11. Je. 3:23. La. 3:26. Ho. 13:4, 9. Ha. 3:8, 13. for the Egyptians whom ye have seen to-day. or, for whereas ye have seen the Egyptians to-day, etc. ye shall see. ver. 30; ch. 15:4, 5, 10, 19, 21. Ne. 9:9.
14 the Lord. ver. 25; ch. 15:3. De. 1:30; 3:22; 20:4. Jos. 10:10, 14, 42; 23:3, 10. Ju. 5:20. 2 Ch. 20:17, 29. Ne. 4:20. Is. 31:4, 5. hold. Ps. 50:3; 83:1. Is. 30:15.
15 ch. 17:4. Jos. 7:10. Ezr. 10:4, 5. Ne. 9:9.
16 lift. ver. 21, 26; ch. 4:2, 17, 20; 7:9, 19. the sea. This sea was what is called in Scripture yam suph, ‘the sea of weeds;’ so called, according to Mr. BRUCE, from the vast quantity of coral which grows in it. In the LXX. it is called θαλασσα ερυθρα, and by the Latins, Rubrum mare, and we from them, the Red Sea; so called, it is supposed, from Edom (red) or Esau, whose territories extend to its coasts. It separates Arabia from Egypt and Ethiopia, and is computed to be 150 leagues in length from Suez to the straits of Babelmandel. The upper part is divided into two gulfs, that to the East called the Elanitic, from the city Elana at the northern extremity, and that to the west, the Heroopolitic, from the city of Heroopolis. The former is called by the Arabians Bahr el Akaba, the sea of Akaba; and the latter Bahr el Kolzum, the sea of destruction, or Clysmæ; which was that which the Israelites passed. and the. See on ver. 21, 22.
17 I, behold. Ge. 6:17; 9:9. Le. 26:28. De. 32:39. Is. 48:15; 51:12. Je. 23:39. Eze. 5:8; 6:3; 34:11, 20. Ho. 5:14. I will. See on ver. 8; ch. 4:23; 7:3, 13, 14. and I will. ver. 18. See on ver. 4.
18 ver. 4; ch. 7:5, 17.
19 the angel. ver. 24; ch. 13:21; 23:20, 21; 32:34. Nu. 20:16. Is. 63:9. and the pillar. See on ch. 13:21, 22.
20 Ps. 18:11. Pr. 4:18, 19. Is. 8:14. 2 Co. 2:15, 16.
21 stretched. ver. 16. the Lord. ch. 15:8. Jos. 3:13–16; 4:23. Ne. 9:11. Job 26:12. Ps. 66:6; 74:13; 78:13; 106:7–10; 114:3–5; 136:13. Is. 51:10, 15; 63:12.
22 the children. ver. 29; ch. 15:19. Nu. 33:8. Ps. 66:6; 78:13. Is. 63:13. 1 Co. 10:1. He. 11:29. and the waters. This verse demonstrates that this event was wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left, a wall. ch. 15:8. Hab. 3:8–10. Zec. 2:5.
23 ver. 17; ch. 15:9, 19. 1 Ki. 22:20. Ec. 9:3. Is. 14:24–27.
24 that in the. 1 Sa. 11:11. looked unto. Job 40:12. Ps. 18:13, 14; 77:16–19; 104:32. through. ver. 19, 20. and troubled. ver. 25. Job 22:13; 23:15, 16; 34:20, 29. Ps. 48:5.
25 took off. Ju. 4:15. Ps. 46:9; 76:6. Je. 51:21. that they drave them heavily. or, and made them to go heavily. Let us flee. Job 11:20; 20:24; 27:22. Ps. 68:12. Am. 1:14; 5:19; 9:1. for the Lord. See on ver. 14. De. 3:22. 1 Sa. 4:7, 8.
26 Stretch out. ver. 16; ch. 7:19; 8:5. Mat. 8:27. the waters. ch. 1:22. Jn. 1:6, 7. Mat. 7:2. Ja. 2:13. Re. 16:6.
27 and the sea. ver. 21, 22; ch. 15:1–21. Jos. 4:18. Lord. Ju. 5:20, 21. overthrew. Heb. shook off.
28 the waters. ch. 15:10. De. 11:4. Ne. 9:11. Ps. 78:53. Hab. 3:8–10, 13. He. 11:29. remained. ver. 13. 2 Ch. 20:24. Ps. 106:9–11; 136:15.
29 walked. ver. 22. Job 38:8–11. Ps. 66:6, 7; 77:19, 20; 78:52, 53. Is. 43:2; 51:10, 13; 63:12, 13. a wall. Jos. 3:16.
30 the Lord. ver. 13. 1 Sa. 14:23. 2 Ch. 32:22. Ps. 106:8, 10. Is. 63:9. Jude 5. saw. Ps. 58:10; 59:10; 91:8; 92:9–11.
31 work. Heb. hand. feared. 1 Sa. 12:18. Ps. 119:120. believed. ch. 4:31; 19:9. 2 Ch. 20:20. Ps. 106:12, 13. Lu. 8:13. Jno. 2:11, 23–25; 8:30–32; 11:45. Ac. 8:13.


  CHAP. 15

  The song of Moses, Miriam, and Israel on their deliverance, 1–21. The people want water in the wilderness, 22. The waters at Marah are bitter, they murmur, Moses prays, and sweetens the waters by God’s direction, 23–26. They encamp at Elim, where are twelve wells, and seventy palm trees, 27.

1 Then. Ju. 5:1, etc. 2 Sa. 22:1, etc. Ps. 106:12; 107:8, 15, 21, 22. Is. 12:1, etc.; 51:10, 11. Re. 15:3. for. ver. 21; ch. 14:17, 18, 27; 18:11. Col. 2:15.
2 strength. Ps. 18:1, 2; 27:1; 28:8; 59:17; 62:6, 7; 118:14. Hab. 3:17–19. Phi. 4:13. song. De. 10:21. Ps. 22:3; 109:1; 140:7. Re. 15:3. my salvation. ch. 14:13. 2 Sa. 22:51. Ps. 68:20. Is. 12:2; 45:17; 49:6. Je. 3:23. Lu. 1:77; 2:30. Jno. 4:22. Ac. 4:12. Re. 19:1. my God. ch. 4:22. Ge. 17:7. Ps. 22:10. Je. 31:33; 32:38. Zec. 13:9. an habitation. ch. 40:34. Ge. 28:21, 22. 2 Sa. 7:5. 1 Ki. 8:13, 27. Ps. 132:5. Is. 66:1. 2 Co. 5:19. Ep. 2:22. Col. 2:9. my father’s God. See on ch. 3:15, 16. exalt him. 2 Sa. 22:47. Ps. 18:46; 30:1; 34:3; 99:5, 9; 118:28; 145:1. Is. 25:1. Jno. 5:23. Phi. 2:11. Re. 5:9–14.
3 a man. Ps. 24:8; 45:3. Re. 19:11–21. name. See on ch. 3:13, 15; 6:3, 6. Ps. 83:18. Is. 42:8.
4 ch. 14:13–28. chosen. ch. 14:7.
5 depths. ch. 14:28. Eze. 27:34. Jon. 2:2. Mi. 7:19. Mat. 18:6. they. Ne. 9:11. Je. 51:63, 64. Re. 18:21.
6 right hand. ver. 11. 1 Ch. 29:11, 12. Ps. 17:7; 44:3; 60:5; 74:11; 77:10; 89:8–13; 98:1; 118:15, 16. Is. 51:9; 52:10. Mat. 6:13. dashed. Ps. 2:9. Is. 30:14. Je. 13:14. Re. 2:27.
7 the greatness. ch. 9:16. De. 33:26. Ps. 68:33; 148:13. Is. 5:16. Je. 10:6. them that. Is. 37:17, 23, 29, 36, 38. Mi. 4:11. Na. 1:9–12. Zec. 2:8; 14:3, 8. Ac. 9:4. consumed. Ps. 59:13; 83:13. Is. 5:24; 47:14. Na. 1:10. Mal. 4:1. Mat. 3:12.
8 blast. ch. 14:21. 2 Sa. 22:16. Job 4:9. Is. 11:4; 37:7. 2 Th. 2:8. the floods. See on ch. 14:22. Ps. 78:13. Hab. 3:10.
9 I will pursue. Ge. 49:27. Ju. 5:30. 1 Ki. 19:2; 20:10. Is. 10:8–13; 36:20; 53:12. Hab. 3:14. Lu. 11:22. destroy. or, repossess. ch. 14:5, 9.
10 blow. ch. 14:21. Ge. 8:1. Ps. 74:13, 14; 135:7; 147:18. Is. 11:15. Je. 10:13. Am. 4:13. Mat. 8:27. the sea. ch. 14:28. De. 11:4. they sank. See on ver. 5.
11 like unto thee. De. 3:24; 33:26. 1 Sa. 2:2. 2 Sa. 7:22. 1 Ki. 8:23. Ps. 35:10; 77:19; 86:8; 89:6–8. Is. 40:18, 25. Je. 10:6, 16; 49:19. gods. or, mighty ones. glorious. Le. 19:2. Ps. 89:18; 145:17. Is. 6:3; 30:11; 57:15. 1 Pe. 1:15, 16. Re. 4:8. fearful. Ps. 66:5; 77:14; 89:5, 7; 90:11; 119:120. Is. 64:2, 3. Je. 10:7. Lu. 12:5. He. 12:28, 29. Re. 15:4; 19:1–6.
12 stretchedst. See on ver. 6.
13 Thou. Ge. 19:16. Ep. 2:4. led. Ps. 77:14, 15, 20; 78:52, 53; 80:1; 106:9. Is. 63:12, 13. Je. 2:6. guided. 1 Ps. 1:5. holy. Ps. 78:54.
14 hear. Nu. 14:14; 22:5. De. 2:4, 5. Jos. 2:9, 10; 9:24. Ps. 48:6. of Palestina. Is. 14:29, 31.
15 dukes. Ge. 36:40. Nu. 20:14–21. De. 2:4. 1 Ch. 1:51–54. Moab. Nu. 22:3–5. Ha. 3:7. all the. Jos. 2:11; 5:1. mett. De. 20:8. Jos. 2:9, marg.; 14:8. 1 Sa. 14:16. 2 Sa. 17:10. Ps. 68:2. Is. 13:7; 19:1. Eze. 21:7. Na. 2:10.
16 dread. De. 2:25; 11:25. Jos. 2:9. still. ch. 11:7. 1 Sa. 2:9; 25:37. which thou. ch. 19:5, 6. De. 32:6, 9. 2 Sa. 7:23. Ps. 74:2. Is. 43:1–3; 51:10. Je. 31:11. Ac. 20:28. Ti. 2:14. 1 Pe. 2:9. 2 Pe. 2:1.
17 plant. Ps. 44:2; 78:54, 55; 80:8. Is. 5:1–4. Je. 2:21; 32:41. mountain. Ps. 78:54, 68, 69. Je. 31:23.
18 Ps. 10:16; 29:10; 146:10. Is. 57:15. Da. 2:44; 4:3; 7:14, 27. Mat. 6:13. Re. 11:15–17.
19 horse. ch. 14:23. Pr. 21:31. brought. ch. 14:28, 29. He. 11:29.
20 prophetess. Ju. 4:4. 1 Sa. 10:5 2 Ki. 22:14. Lu. 2:36. Ac. 21:9. 1 Co. 11:5; 14:34. sister, ch. 2:4. Nu. 12:1; 20:1; 26:59. Mi. 6:4. a timbrel. Toph, in Arabic called duff or diff, and in Spanish adduffa, is the tabret used in the East; being a thin, broad, wooden hoop, with parchment extended over one side of it, to which small pieces of brass, tin, etc., are attached, which make a jingling noise: it is held up with one hand and beaten upon with the other, and is precisely the same as the tambourine. all the. Ju. 11:34; 21:21 1 Sa. 18:6. 2 Sa. 6:5, 14, 16. Ps. 68:11, 25; 81:2; 149:3; 150:4.
21 answered. 1 Sa. 18:7. 2 Ch. 5:13. Ps. 24:7–10; 134. Sing ye. See on ver. 1. Ju. 5:3. Is. ch. 5. Re. 7:10–12; 5:9; 14:3; 15:3; 19:1–6.
22 wilderness of Shur. This lay on the eastern shore of the Heroopolitic gulf of the Red sea, and is still called the desert of Shur, according to Dr. SHAW. Ge. 16:7; 25:18. 1 Sa. 15:7. three days. ch. 3:18.
23 Marah. Nu. 33:8. Marah. i.e. Bitterness. Ru. 1:20.
24 ch. 14:11; 16:2, 8, 9; 17:3, 4. Nu. 11:1–6; 14:1–4; 16:11, 41; 17:10; 20:2–5; 21:5. 1 Co. 10:10. Phi. 2:14. Jude 16. What. ch. 17:3. Ps. 78:19, 20. Mat. 6:25.
25 cried. ch. 14:10; 17:4. Ps. 50:15; 91:15; 99:6. Je. 15:1. a tree. 2 Ki. 2:21; 4:41. 1 Co. 1:18. a statute. Jos. 24:21–25. proved, ch. 16:4. De. 8:2, 16; 13:3. Ju. 2:22; 3:1, 4. Ps. 66:10; 81:7. Pr. 17:3. Je. 9:7. 1 Pe. 1:6, 7.
26 If thou. Le. 26:3, 13. De. 7:12, 13, 15; 28:1–15. and wilt. De. 12:28; 13:18. 1 Ki. 11:33, 38. 2 Ki. 22:2. Eze. 18:5. diseases. ch. 9:10, 11; 12:29. De. 7:15; 28:27, 60. for I am. ch. 23:25. 2 Ki. 20:5. Job 5:18. Ps. 41:3, 4; 103:3; 147:3. Is. 57:18. Je. 8:22; 33:6. Ho. 6:1. Ja. 5:11–16.
27 Elim. This was on the northern skirts of the desert of Sin, and, according to Dr. SHAW, two leagues from Tor, and near 30 from Corondel, which he conjectures to be Marah, where there is a small rill, which is brackish. He found but nine of the wells, the other three being filled up with sand; bnt the 70 palm trees had increased into more than 2000. Nu. 33:9. Is. 12:3. Eze. 47:12. Re. 7:17; 22:2.


  CHAP. 16

  The Israelites come to Sin, and murmur for want of bread, 1–3. God promises them bread ami flesh from heaven, and they are rebuked, 4–12. Quails and manna are sent, 13–15. The ordering of manna, 16–24. It wag not to be found on the sabbath, 25–31. An omer of it is preserved, 32–36.

1 A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Ijar. took. ch. 15:27. Nu. 33:10–12. Sin. This desert was traversed by Dr. SHAW in nine hours. He was all the day diverted by varieties of lizards and vipers, which abound there. ch. 17:1. Nu. 33:12. Eze. 30:15, 16.
2 ch. 15:24. Ge. 19:4. Ps. 106:7, 13, 25. 1 Co. 10:10.
3 Would. Nu. 20:3–5. De. 28:67. Jos. 7:7. 2 Sa. 18:33. La. 4:9. Ac. 26:29. 1 Co. 4:8. 2 Co. 11:1. we had. Nu. 11:15; 14:2. Job 3:1, 10, 20. Je. 20:14–18. Jon. 4:8, 9. flesh. ch. 2:23. Nu. 11:4, 5. to kill. ch. 5:21; 17:3. Nu. 16:13, 41. hunger. De. 8:3. Je. 2:6. La. 4:9.
4 I will rain. Ps. 78:24, 25; 105:40. Jno. 6:31, 32. 1 Co. 10:3. a certain rate every day. Heb. the portion of a day in his day. Ne. 11:23. Pr. 30:8. Mat. 6:11, 32, 33. Lu. 11:3. prove them. See on ch. 15:25. De. 8:2, 16. Jos. 24:15.
5 prepare. ver. 23; ch. 35:2, 3. Le. 25:21, 22.
6 even. ver. 8, 12, 13. the Lord. ver. 3; ch. 6:7; 12:51; 32:1, 7, 11. Nu. 16:28, 30. Ps. 77:20. Is. 63:11, 12.
7 the morning. ver. 13. ye shall. ver. 10; ch. 24:10, 16; 40:34. Le. 9:6. Nu. 14:10; 16:42. Is. 35:2; 40:5. Jno. 11:4, 40. what are we. ver. 2, 3, 8. Nu. 16:11.
8 the Lord heareth. ver. 9, 12. Nu. 14:27. Mat. 9:4. Jno. 6:41–43. 1 Co. 10:10. but against. Nu. 21:7. 1 Sa. 8:7. Is. 32:6; 37:29. Mat. 10:40. Lu. 10:16. Jno. 13:20. Ro. 13:2. 1 Th. 4:8.
9 Come near. Nu. 16:16. heard. See on ver. 2, 8.
10 that they. ver. 7. Nu. 14:10; 16:19, 42. appeared. ch. 13:21, 22; 40:34–38. Le. 9:6. Nu. 16:42. 1 Ki. 8:10, 11. Mat. 17:5.
12 I have. ver. 8. At even. ver. 6. in the morning. ver. 7. ye shall know. ch. 4:5; 6:7; 7:17. Je. 31:24. Eze. 34:30; 39:22. Joel 3:17. Zec. 13:9.
13 the quails. The Hebrew selav, Chaldee selaiv, Syriac and Arabic selwa, is without doubt the quail: so the LXX. render it ορτυγομητρα, a large kind of quail, JOSEPHUS, ορτυξ, Ethiopic, ferferat, and Vulgate, coturnices, quails, with which agree PHILO and the Rabbins. The quail is a bird of the gallinaceous kind, somewhat less than a pigeon, but larger than a sparrow. HASSELQUIST describes the quail of the larger kind as very much resembling the red partridge, but not larger than the turtle dove; found in Judea as well as in the deserts of Arabia Petræa and Egypt; and affording a most agreeable and delicate dish. Nu. 11:31–33. Ps. 78:27, 28; 105:40. the dew. Nu. 11:9.
14 the dew. Nu. 11:7–9. De. 8:3. Ne. 9:15. Ps. 78:24; 105:40. the hoar frost. Ps. 147:16.
15 It is manna. or, What is this? or, It is a portion. ver. 31, 33. De. 8:3, 16. Jos. 5:12. Ne. 9:15, 20. Jno. 6:31, 32, 49, 58. 1 Co. 10:3. He. 9:4. Re. 2:17. This is. ver. 4. Nu. 21:5. Pr. 9:5. Lu. 12:30.
16 omer. ver. 18, 33, 36. for every man. Heb. by the poll, or head. persons. Heb. souls.
18 2 Co. 8:14, 15.
19 ch. 12:10; 23:18. Mat. 6:34.
20 bred worms. Mat. 6:19. Lu. 12:15, 33. He. 13:5. Ja. 5:2, 3. and Moses. Nu. 12:3; 16:15. Mar. 3:5; 10:14. Ep. 4:26.
21 Pr. 6:6–11. Ec. 9:10; 12:1. Mat. 6:33. Jno. 12:35. 2 Co. 6:2.
22 What the substance called manna was, is utterly unknown; but, from the circumstances in the text, it is evident that it was not a natural production, but was miraculously sent by Jehovah. These the learned ABARBINEL, a most judicious Jewish interpreter, has thus enumerated: The natural manna was never found in the desert where this fell;—where the common manna does fall, it is only in the spring time, in March and April, whereas this fell throughout all the months in the year; the ordinary manna does not melt in the sun, as this did (ver. 21);—it does not stink and breed worms, as this did, when kept till the morning (ver. 20);—it cannot be ground, or beaten in a mortar, so as to make cakes, as this was;—the common manna is medicinal and purgative, and cannot be used for food and nutriment, as this was;—this fell in a double proportion on the sixth day, and not on the sabbath, as it certainly would have done had it fallen naturally;—it followed them in all their journeys, wherever they pitched their tents;—and it ceased at the very time of the year when the other falls, namely, in March, when the Israelites were come to Gilgal. Whatever this substance was, it does not appear to have been common to the wilderness. From De. 8:3, 16, it is evident that the Israelites never saw it before; and from a pot of it being preserved, it is certain that nothing of the kind ever appeared again. ver. 5, 16. Le. 25:12, 22.
23 rest. ch. 20:8–11; 31:15; 35:3. Ge. 2:2, 3. Le. 23:3. Mar. 2:27, 28. Lu. 23:56. Re. 1:10. bake. Nu. 11:8.
24 ver. 20, 33.
25 ver. 23, 29. Ne. 9:14.
26 ch. 20:9–11. De. 5:13. Eze. 40:1. Lu. 13:14.
27 and they found none. Pr. 20:4.
28 ch. 10:3. Nu. 14:11; 20:12. 2 Ki. 17:14. Ps. 78:10, 22; 81:13, 14; 106:13. Is. 7:9, 13. Je. 4:14; 9:6. Eze. 5:6; 20:13, 16. Mar. 9:19.
29 hath given. ch. 31:13. Ne. 9:14. Is. 58:13, 14. Eze. 20:12. abide ye. Lu. 23:56.
30 Le. 23:3. De. 5:12–14. He. 4:9.
31 called the name. See on ver. 15. In consequence of the term manna having been given to a drug which is now much used in England, many persons have ignorantly supposed it to be the same sort of thing as that miraculously sent for the sustenance of the children of Israel in the wilderness. The manna of commerce comes from Calabria and Sicily, where it oozes out of a kind of ash tree, from the end of June to the end of July, and is a thick, clammy, sweet juice, partly drawn from the tree by the rays of the sun, partly by the puncture of insects, and partly by artificial means. Tho European manna is not so good as the Oriental, which is gathered in Syria, Arabia, and Persia, from the Oriental oak, and from a shrub which is called in Persia teranjabin. and it was. Nu. 11:6, 7. Ca. 2:3.
32 Ps. 103:1, 2; 105:5; 111:4, 5. Lu. 22:19. He. 2:1.
33 He. 9:4.
34 ch. 25:16, 21; 27:21; 30:6, 36; 31:18; 38:21; 40:20. Nu. 1:50, 53; 17:10. De. 10:5. 1 Ki. 8:9.
35 forty years. Nu. 33:38. De. 8:2, 3. Ne. 9:15, 20, 21. Ps. 78:24, 25. Jno. 6:30–58. until they come to. Jos. 5:12. the borders. Nu. 33:48–50. De. 1:8; 34:1–4.
36 ver. 16, 32, 33.


  CHAP. 17

  The people murmur for water at Rephidim, 1–4. God sends them for water to the rock in Horeb, 5, 6. The place is called Massah and Meribah, 7. Amalek is overcome by Joshua, while Moses holds up his hands with the rod of God, 8–13. Amalek is doomed to destruction; and Moses builds the altar JEHOVAH-nissi, 14–16.

1 Sin. ch. 16:1. Nu. 33:12–14. Rephidim. ver. 8; ch. 19:2.
2 the people. ch. 5:21; 14:11, 12; 15:24; 16:2, 3. Nu. 11:4–6; 14:2; 20:3–5; 21:5. Give us. Ge. 30:1, 2. 1 Sa. 8:6. Lu. 15:12. wherefore. ver. 7; ch. 16:2. Nu. 14:22. De. 6:16. Ps. 78:18, 41, 56; 95:9; 106:14. Is. 7:12. Mal. 3:15. Mat. 4:7; 16:1–3. Lu. 4:12. Ac. 5:9; 15:10. 1 Co. 10:9. He. 3:9.
3 thou hast. See on ch. 16:3.
4 cried. ch. 14:15; 15:25. Nu. 11:11. almost. Nu. 14:10; 16:19. 1 Sa. 30:6. Jno. 8:59; 10:31. Ac. 7:50; 14:19.
5 Go on. Eze. 2:6. Ac. 20:23, 24. thy rod. ch. 7:19, 20. Nu. 20:8–11.
6 I will. ch. 16:10. the rock. This rock, which is a vast block of red granite, 15 feet long, 10 broad, and 12 high, lies in the wilderness of Rephidim, to the west of Mount Horeb, a part of Sinai. There are abundant traces of this wonderful miracle remaining at this day. This rock has been visited, drawn, and described by Dr. SHAW and others; and holes and channels appear in the stone, which could only have been formed by the bursting out and running of water. in Horeb. ch. 3:1–5. and thou. Nu. 20:9–11. De. 8:15. Ne. 9:15. Ps. 78:15, 16, 20; 105:41; 114:8. Is. 48:21. 1 Co. 10:4. that the people. Ps. 46:4. Is. 41:17, 18; 43:19, 20. Jno. 4:10, 14; 7:37, 38. Re. 22:17.
7 Massah. i.e. Temptation. Nu. 20:13. De. 9:22. Meribah. that is, Chiding, or Strife. ver. 2. Ps. 81:7. chiding. See on ver. 2. tempted. Ps. 95:8. He. 3:8, 9. Is the Lord. ch. 34:9. De. 31:17. Jos. 22:31. Is. 12:6. Mi. 3:11. Jno. 1:14. Ac. 7:37–39.
8 Ge. 36:12, 16. Nu. 24:20. De. 25:17. 1 Sa. 15:2; 30:1. Ps. 83:7.
9 unto Joshua. ver. 13; ch. 24:13. Nu. 11:28; 13:16. Oshea. Jehoshua. De. 32:44. Hoshea. Called Jesus, Ac. 7:45. He. 4:8. Choose. Nu. 31:3, 4. the rod. ch. 4:2, 20.
10 Joshua. Jos. 11:15. Mat. 28:20. Jno. 2:5; 15:14. and Moses, ver. 9. Hur. ver. 12; ch. 24:14.
11 Ps. 56:9. Lu. 18:1. 1 Ti. 2:8. Ja. 5:16.
12 Moses’ hands. Mat. 26:40–45. Mar. 14:37–40. Ep. 6:18. Col. 4:2. stayed up his hands. Ps. 35:3. Is. 35:3. 2 Co. 1:11. Phi. 1:19. 1 Th. 5:25. He. 12:12. Ja. 1:6.
13 Jos. 10:28, 32, 37, 42; 11:12.
14 memorial. ch. 12:14; 13:9; 34:27. De. 31:9. Jos. 4:7. Job 19:23. Ha. 2:2, 3. for I will. Nu. 24:20. De. 25:17–19. 1 Sa. 15:2, 3, 7, 8, 18; 27:8, 9; 30:1, 17. 2 Sa. 1:1, 8–16; 8:12. 1 Ch. 4:43. Ezr. 9:14. the remembrance. Job. 18:17. Ps. 9:6. Pr. 10:7.
15 JEHOVAH-nissi. i.e. the Lord my banner, Ge. 22:14; 33:20. Ps. 60:4.
16 Because, etc. or, Because the hand of Amalek is against the throne of the Lord, therefore, etc. the Lord, etc. Heb. the hand upon the throne of the Lord, Is. 66:1. Ac. 7:49. will have war. Ps. 21:8–11.


  CHAP. 18

  Jethro brings his wife and two sons to Moses, 1–6. Moses entertains him, and relates the goodness of the Lord, 7, 8. Jethro rejoices, blesses God, and offers sacrifice, 9–12. He gives good counsel, which is accepted, 13–26. Jethro departs, 27.

1 Jethro. ch. 2:16, 21; 3:1; 4:18. Nu. 10:29. Ju. 4:11. heard. Ps. 34:2; 44:1; 77:14, 15; 78:4; 105:5, 43; 106:2, 8. Je. 33:9. Zec. 8:23. Ga. 1, 23, 24. God. Ac. 7:35, 36; 14:27; 15:12; 21:19, 20. Ro. 15:18. done. ch. 7–15. Jos. 2:10; 9:9. Ne. 9:10, 11. Ps. 77:14, 15; 78:50–53; 105:36–41; 106:8–11; 136:10–16. Is. 63:11–13.
2 Zipporah. ch. 2:21; 4:25, 26.
3 two sons. Ac. 7:29. Gershom. i.e. A stranger there. ch. 2:22. Ps. 39:12. He. 11:13. 1 Pe. 2:11.
4 Eliezer. i.e. My God is an help. Ps. 46:1. Is. 50:7–9. He. 13:6. delivered. ch. 2:15. Ps. 18, title, 48; 34:4. Da. 6:22. Ac. 12:11. 2 Co. 1:8–10. 2 Ti. 4:17.
5 ch. 3:1, 12; 19:11, 20; 24:16, 17. 1 Ki. 19:8.
7 went. Ge. 14:17; 46:29. Nu. 22:36. Ju. 11:34. 1 Ki. 2:19. Ac. 28:15. did obeisance. Ge. 18:2; 19:1; 33:3–7. kissed. Ge. 29:13; 31:28; 33:4; 45:15. Ps. 2:12. Lu. 7:45. Ac. 20:37. welfare. Heb. peace. Ge. 43:27. 2 Sa. 11:7.
8 told. ver. 1. Ne. 9:9–15. Ps. 66:16; 71:17–20; 105:1, 2; 145:4–12. and all the. ch. 15:22–24; 16:3. come upon them. Heb. found them. Ge. 44:34. Nu. 20:14. Ne. 9:32, marg. how the Lord. Ps. 78:42, 43; 81:7; 106:10; 107:2.
9 Is. 44:23; 66:10. Ro. 12:10, 15. 1 Co. 12:26.
10 Ge. 14:20. 2 Sa. 18:28. 1 Ki. 8:15. Ps. 41:13; 106:47, 48. Lu. 1:68. Ep. 1:3. 1 Th. 3:9. 1 Pe. 1:3. Re. 5:11–13; 19:1–6.
11 Now I. ch. 9:16. 1 Ki. 17:24. 2 Ki. 5:15. the Lord. ch. 15:11. 1 Ch. 16:25. 2 Ch. 2:5. Ps. 95:3; 97:9; 135:5. in the thing. ch. 1:10, 16, 22; 5:2, 7; 14:8, 18. proudly. ch. 9:17; 10:3. 1 Sa. 2:3. Ne. 9:10, 16, 29. Job 40:11, 12. Ps. 31:23; 119:21. Da. 4:37. Lu. 1:51. Ja. 4:6. 1 Pe. 5:5.
12 took. ch. 24:5. Ge. 4:4; 8:20; 12:7; 26:25; 31:54. Job 1:5; 42:8. Aaron. ch. 24:11. Le. 7:11–17. De. 12:7; 27:7. 1 Ch. 29:21, 22. 2 Ch. 30:22. 1 Co. 10:18, 21, 31. eat bread. ch. 2:20. Ge. 43:25. 2 Sa. 9:7. Job 42:11. Da. 10:3. Lu. 14:1, 15.
13 Ju. 5:10. Job 29:7. Is. 16:5. Joel 3:12. Mat. 23:2. Ro. 12:8; 13:6.
15 to enquire. ver. 19, 20. Le. 24:12–14. Nu. 15:34; 27:5.
16 a matter. ch. 23:7; 24:14. De. 17:8–12. 2 Sa. 15:3. Job 31:13. Ac. 18:14, 15. 1 Co. 6:1. one and another. Heb. a man and his fellow. ch. 2:13, make. Le. 24:15. Nu. 15:35; 27:6, etc.; 36:6–9. De. 4:5; 5:1; 6:1. 1 Sa. 12:23. Mat. 28:20. 1 Th. 4:1, 2.
18 Thou wilt surely wear away. Heb. Fading thou wilt fade. 2 Co. 12:15. Phi. 2:30. 1 Th. 2:8, 9. thou art. Nu. 11:14–17. De. 1:9–12. Ac. 6:1–4.
19 Hearken. ver. 24. Pr. 9:9. God shall. ch. 3:12; 4:12. Ge. 39:2. De. 20:1. Jos. 1:9. 2 Sa. 14:17. Mat. 28:20. Be thou. See on ver. 15; ch. 4:16; 20:19. De. 5:5. bring. Nu. 27:5.
20 teach. ver. 16. De. 4:1, 5; 5:1; 6:1, 2; 7:11. Ne. 9:13, 14. the way. 1 Sa. 12:23. Ps. 32:8; 143:8. Is. 30:21. Je. 6:16; 42:3. Mi. 4:2. 1 Th. 4:1. work. De. 1:18. Eze. 3:17. Mat. 28:20. Mar. 13:34. 2 Th. 3:6–12.
21 Moreover. De. 1:13–17. Ac. 6:3. able men. ver. 25. De. 16:18. 1 Ki. 3:9–12. Pr. 28:2. such as. ch. 23:2–9. Ge. 22:12; 42:18. 2 Sa. 23:3. 1 Ki. 18:3, 12. 2 Ch. 19:5–10. Ne. 5:9; 7:2. Ec. 12:13. Lu. 18:2, 4. men. Job 29:16; 31:13. Is. 16:5; 59:4, 14, 15. Je. 5:1. Eze. 18:8. Zec. 7:9; 8:16. hating. ch. 23:8. De. 16:18, 19. 1 Sa. 8:3; 12:3, 4. Ps. 26:9, 10. Is. 33:15. Eze. 22:12. Ac. 20:33. 1 Ti. 3:3; 6:9–11. 2 Pe. 2:14, 15. rulers of thousands. Whatever matter the decarch, or ruler over ten, could not decide, went to the pentecontarch, or ruler of fifty, and thence by degrees to the hecatontarch, or ruler over a hundred, to the chiliarch, or ruler over a thousand, to Moses, and at length to GOD himself. Each magistrate had the care or inspection of only ten men; the decarch superintended tea private characters; the hecatontarch, ten decarchs; and the chiliarch, ten hecatontarchs. Nu. 10:4. De. 1:15. Jos. 22:14. 1 Sa. 8:12.
22 at all seasons. ver. 26. Ro. 13:6. great. Le. 24:11. Nu. 15:33; 27:2; 36:1. De. 1:17; 17:8, 9. they shall. ver. 18. Nu. 11:17.
23 God. ver. 18. Ge. 21:10–12. 1 Sa. 8:6, 7, 22. Ac. 15:2. Ga. 2:2. and all this. ch. 16:29. Ge. 18:33; 30:25. 2 Sa. 18:3; 19:39; 21:17. Phi. 1:24, 25.
24 ver. 2–5, 19. Ezr. 10:2, 5. Pr. 1:5. 1 Co. 12:21.
25 ver. 21. De. 1:15. Ac. 6:5.
26 at all. ver. 14, 22. the hard causes. ver. 15, 22. De. 17:8. 1 Ki. 3:16–28; 10:1. Job 29:16.
27 Ge. 24:59; 31:55. Nu. 10:29, 30. Ju. 19:9.


  CHAP. 19

  The people arrive at Sinai, 1, 2. God’s message by Moses unto the people out of the mount, 3–7. The people’s answer returned again, 8. The people are prepared against the third day, for the giving of the law, 9–11. The mountain must not be touched, 12–15. The fearful presence of God upon the mount, 16–25.

1 A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Sivan. the third, ch. 12:2, 6. Le. 23:16–18. came. ch. 16:1. Nu. 33:15.
2 Rephidim. ch. 17:1, 8. the desert. Mount Sinai, called by the Arabs Jibbel Mousa, the Mountain of Moses, and sometimes by way of eminence, El Tor, the Mount, is a range of mountains in the peninsula formed by the gulfs of the Red sea. It consists of several peaks, the principal of which are Horeb and Sinai; the former, still called Oreb, being on the west, and the latter, called Tur Sina, on the east, at the foot of which is the convent of St. Catherine. Dr. SHAW conceives that the wilderness of Sinai, properly so called, is that part which is to the eastward of this mount; so that the removal of the Israelites from Rephidim, which was on the west, to the desert of Sinai, was only removing from one part of the mountain to another. camped. ch. 3:1, 12; 18:5. Ac. 7:30, 38. Ga. 4:24.
3 went up. ch. 20:21; 24:15–18; 34:2. De. 5:5–31. Ac. 7:38. called. ch. 3:4.
4 seen. ch. 7–14. De. 4:9, 33–36; 29:2. Is. 63:9. I bare you. De. 32:11, 12. Is. 40:31; 63:9. Re. 12:14.
5 if ye. ch. 23:22; 24:7. De. 11:27; 28:1. Jos. 24:24. 1 Sa. 15:22. Is. 1:19. Je. 7:23; 11:4–7. He. 11:8. keep. De. 5:2. Ps. 25:10; 103:17, 18. Is. 56:4. Je. 31:31–33. a peculiar. De. 4:20; 7:6; 14:2, 21; 26:18; 32:8, 9. 1 Ki. 8:53. Ps. 135:4. Ca. 8:12. Is. 41:8; 43:1. Je. 10:16. Mal. 3:17. Tit. 2:14. all the earth, ch. 9:29. De. 10:14. Job 41:11. Ps. 24:1; 50:12. Da. 4:34, 35. 1 Co. 10:26, 28.
6 a kingdom. De. 33:2–4. Is. 61:6. Ro. 12:1. 1 Pe. 2:5, 9. Re. 1:6; 5:10; 20:6. and an. Le. 11:44, 45; 19:2; 20:24, 26; 21:7, 8, 23. De. 7:6; 26:19; 28:9. Is. 62:12. 1 Co. 3:17. 1 Th. 5:27. 1 Pe. 1:15, 16.
7 the elders. See on ch. 3:16. and laid. ch. 4:29, 30. 1 Co. 15:1.
8 ch. 20:19; 24:3, 7. De. 5:27–29; 26:17–19. Jo. 24:24. Ne. 10:29.
9 Lo. ver. 16; ch. 20:21; 24:15, 16. De. 4:11. 1 Ki. 8:12. 2 Ch. 6:1. Ps. 18:11, 12; 97:2. Is. 19:1. Mat. 17:5. Mar. 9:7. Lu. 9:34, 35. Re. 1:7. that the. De. 4:12, 36. Jno. 12:29, 30. believe. ch. 14:31. 2 Ch. 20:20. Is. 7:9. Lu. 10:16.
10 sanctify. ver. 15. Le. 11:44, 45. Jos. 3:5; 7:13. 1 Sa. 16:5. 2 Ch. 29:5, 34; 30:17–19. Job 1:5. 1 Co. 6:11. wash. ver. 14. Ge. 35:2. Le. 11:25; 15:5. Nu. 8:7, 21; 31:24. Zec. 3:3, 4. He. 10:22. Re. 7:14.
11 the Lord. ver. 16, 18, 20; ch. 3:8; 34:5. Nu. 11:17. De. 33:2. Ps. 18:9; 144:5. Is. 64:1, 2. Hab. 3:3–6. Jno. 3:13; 6:38.
12 set bounds. ver. 21, 23. Jos. 3:4. Take. ch. 10:28; 34:12. De. 2:4; 4:9. or touch. He. 12:20, 21.
13 whether. ch. 21:28, 29. Le. 20:15, 16. when, the trumpet. or, cornet, ver. 16, 19. 1 Co. 15:52. 1 Th. 4:16.
14 and sanctified. See on ver. 10.
15 Be ready. Am. 4:12. Mal. 3:2. Mat. 3:10–12. 24:44. 2 Pe. 3:11, 12. the third, ver. 11, 16. come not. 1 Sa. 21:4, 5. Joel 2:16. Zec. 6:3; 7:3; 12:12–14. 1 Co. 7:5.
16 thunders. ch. 9:23, 28, 29; 20:18. 1 Sa. 12:17, 18. Job 37:1–5; 38:25. Ps. 18:11–14; 29:3–11; 50:3; 77:18; 97:4. He. 12:18, 19. Re. 4:5; 8:5; 11:19. thick. See on ver. 9; 40:34. 2 Ch. 5:14. voice. Re. 1:10; 4:1. all the people. Je. 5:22. He. 12:21.
17 De. 4:10; 5:5.
18 mount Sinai, ch. 20:18. De. 4:11, 12; 5:22; 33:2. Ju. 5:5. Ps. 68:7, 8; 104:32; 144:5. See on ver. 13. Is. 6:4. Hab. 3:3. Re. 15:8. in fire. ch. 3:2; 24:17. 2 Ch. 7:1–3. 2 Th. 1:8. 2 Pe. 3:10. as the smoke. Ge. 15:17; 19:28. Ps. 144:5. Re. 15:8. whole. 1 Ki. 19:11, 12. Ps. 68:8; 77:18; 114:7. Je. 4:24. Na. 1:5, 6. Ha. 3:10. Zec. 14:5. Mat. 24:7. He. 12:26.
19 And when. ver. 13, 16. Moses. He. 12:21. God. Ps. 81:7.
20 the Lord came. See on ver. 11. Ne. 9:13. Ps. 81:7. Moses went up. ver. 3; ch. 24:12, 13, 18; 34:2, 4. De. 9:9.
21 charge. Heb. contest, ver. 12, 13. break. ch. 3:3, 5; 33:20. 1 Sa. 6:19. Ec. 5:1. He. 12:28, 29.
22 the priests, ch. 24:5. Le. 10:1–3. Is. 52:11. sanctify. See on ver. 5, 14:15. break. 2 Sa. 6:6–8. 1 Ch. 13:9–11; 15:13. 2 Ch. 30:3, 15, 18, 19. Ac. 5:5, 10. 1 Co. 11:30–32.
23 Set bounds, ver. 12. Jos. 3:4, 5.
24 and thou. See on ver. 20. but let. See on ver. 12, 21. Mat. 11:12. Lu. 13:24; 16:16. Jno. 1:17. He. 4:16; 10:19–22; 12:18–25; 29. lest. See on ver. 22. Ro. 4:15. 2 Co. 3:7–9. Ga. 3:10, 11, 19, 22.
25 ver. 24.


  CHAP. 20

  The ten commandments are spoken by Jehovah, 1–17. The people are afraid, but Moses comforts them, 18–20. Idolatry is forbidden, 21, 22. Of what sort the altar should be, 23–26.

1 De. 4:33, 36; 5:4, 22. Ac. 7:38, 53.
2 the Lord. Ge. 17:7, 8. Le. 26:1, 13. De. 5:6; 6:4, 5. 2 Ch. 28:5. Ps. 50:7; 81:10. Je. 31:1, 33. Ho. 13:4. Ro. 3:29; 10:12. brought. ch. 10–15. Le. 19:36; 23:43. out of the. ch. 13:3. De. 5:15; 7:8; 13:10; 15:15; 26:6–8. bondage. Heb. servants.
3 ch. 15:11. De. 5:7; 6:5, 14. Jos. 24:18–24. 2 Ki. 17:29–35. Ps. 29:2; 73:25; 81:9. Is. 26:4; 43:10; 44:8; 45:21, 22; 46:9. Je. 25:6; 35:15. Mat. 4:10. 1 Co. 8:4, 6. Ep. 5:5. Phi. 3:19. Col. 2:18. 1 Jno. 5:20, 21. Re. 19:10; 22:9.
4 ch. 32:1, 8, 23; 34:17. Le. 19:4; 26:1. De. 4:15–19, 23–25; 5:8; 27:15. 1 Ki. 12:28. 2 Ch. 33:7. Ps. 97:7; 115:4–8; 135:15–18. Is. 40:18–20; 42:8, 17; 44:9–20; 45:16; 46:5–8. Je. 10:3–5, 8, 9, 14–16. Eze. 8:10. Ac. 17:29; 19:26–35. Ro. 1:23. Re. 9:20; 13:14, 15; 14:9–11; 16:2.
5 bow down. ch. 23:24. Le. 26:1. Jos. 23:7, 16. Ju. 2:19. 2 Ki. 17:35, 41. 2 Ch. 25:14. Is. 44:15, 19. Mat. 4:9. for I. ch. 34:14. De. 4:24; 6:15; 32:21. Jos. 24:19. Ps. 78:58. Pr. 6:34, 35. Eze. 8:3. Da. 1:2. Na. 1:2. 1 Co. 10:22. visiting, ch. 34:7 Le. 20:5; 26:29, 39, 40. Nu. 14:18, 33. 1 Sa. 15:2, 3. 2 Sa. 21:1, 6. 1 Ki. 21:29. 2 Ki. 23:26. Job 5:4; 21:19. Ps. 79:8; 109:14. Is. 14:20, 21; 65:6, 7. Je. 2:9; 32:18. Mat. 23:34–36. of them. De. 7:10; 32:41. Ps. 81:15. Pr. 8:36. Jno. 7:7; 15:18, 23, 24. Ro. 1:30; 8:7. Ja. 4:4.
6 shewing. De. 4:37; 5:29; 7:9. Je. 32:39, 40. Ac. 2:39. Ro. 11:28, 29. love me. Jno. 14:15, 21. 1 Jno. 4:19; 5:3. 2 Jno. 6.
7 take. Le. 19:12; 24:11–16. De. 5:11. Ps. 50:14–16. Pr. 30:9. Je. 4:2. Mat. 5:33–37; 23:16–22; 26:63, 64. 2 Co. 1:23. He. 6:16, 17. Ja. 5:12. guiltless. Jos. 2:12, 17; 9:20. 2 Sa. 21:1, 2. 1 Ki. 2:9.
8 ch. 16:23–30; 31:13, 14. Ge. 2:3. Le. 19:3; 23:3. Is. 56:4–6.
9 ch. 23:12. Lu. 13:14.
10 the seventh, ch. 31:13; 34:21. thou shalt. ch. 16:27, 28. Nu. 15:32–36. Lu. 23:56. thy manservant. De. 5:14, 15. thy stranger. ch. 23:9–12. De. 16:11, 12; 24:14–22. Ne. 10:31; 13:15–21.
11 ch. 31:17. Ge. 2:2, 3. Ps. 95:4–7. Mar. 2:27, 28. Ac. 20:7.
12 Honour. ch. 21:15, 17. Le. 19:3, 32. 1 Ki. 2:12. 2 Ki. 2:12. Pr. 1:8, 9; 15:5; 20:20; 23:22–25; 28:24; 30:11, 17. Mal. 1:6. Mat. 15:4–6. Lu. 18:20. Ep. 5:21; 6:1–3. Col. 3:20. that thy. De. 4:26, 40; 25:15; 32:47. Pr. 3:16.
13 ch. 21:14, 20, 29. Ge. 4:8–23; 9:5, 6. Le. 24:21. Nu. 35:16–34. De. 5:17; 19:11–13. 2 Sa. 12:9, 10. 2 Ki. 21:16. 2 Ch. 24:22. Ps. 10:8–11. Pr. 1:11, 18. Is. 26:21. Je. 26:15. Mat. 5:21, 22. Ac. 28:4. Ro. 13:9. Ga. 5:21. 1 Ti. 1:9. Ja. 2:11, 13. 1 Jno. 3:12–15.
14 Le. 18:20; 20:10. 2 Sa. 11:4, 5, 27. Pr. 2:15–18; 6:24–35; 7:18–27. Je. 5:8, 9; 29:22, 23. Mal. 3:5. Mat. 5:27, 28. Mar. 10:11, 12. Ro. 7:2, 3. Ep. 5:3–5. He. 13:4. Ja. 4:4. Re. 21:8.
15 ch. 21:16. Le. 6:1–7; 19:11, 13, 35–37. De. 24:7; 25:13–16. Job 20:19–22. Pr. 1:13–15; 11:1. Am. 3:10; 8:4–6. Mi. 6:10, 11; 7:3. Zec. 5:3, 4. Mat. 15:19; 19:18; 21:13. Lu. 3:13, 14. Jno. 12:6. 1 Co. 6:10. Ep. 4:28. 1 Th. 4:6.
16 ch. 23:6, 7. Le. 19:11, 16. De. 19:15–21. 1 Sa. 22:8–19. 1 Ki. 21:10–13. Ps. 15:3; 101:5–7. Pr. 10:18; 11:13. Mat. 26:59, 60. Ac. 6:13. Ep. 4:31. 1 Ti. 1:10. 2 Ti. 3:3. Ja. 4:11.
17 thy neighbour’s house. Ge. 3:6; 14:23; 34:23. Jos. 7:21. 1 Sa. 15:19. 2 Ki. 5:20. Ps. 10:3; 119:36. Ec. 4:8; 5:10, 11. Is. 33:15; 57:17. Je. 22:17. Eze. 33:31. Am. 2:6, 7. Mi. 2:2. Hab. 2:9. Lu. 12:15; 16:14. Ac. 20:33. Ro. 7:7. 1 Co. 6:10. Phi. 3:19. Col. 3:5. 1 Ti. 6:6–10. He. 13:5. wife. 2 Sa. 11:2–4. Job 31:1, 9. Pr. 4:23; 6:24, 25. Je. 5:8. Mat. 5:28. is thy neighbour’s. Mat. 20:15. Ac. 5:4.
18 And all. ch. 19:16–18. they removed. Ps. 139:7, 8. Je. 23:23.
19 Speak thou. De. 18:16. Ac. 7:38. let not. ch. 33:20. Ge. 32:30.
20 Fear not. 1 Sa. 12:20. Is. 41:10. prove. ch. 15:25, 26. Ge. 22:1, 12. De. 8:2; 13:3. his fear. Ge. 20:11. De. 6:2; 10:12. Jos. 24:14. Ne. 5:15. Job 28:28. Pr. 1:7; 3:7. Is. 8:13.
21 the people. ch. 19:16, 17. De. 5:5. thick. 1 Ki. 8:12. 2 Ch. 6:1. Ps. 18:9, 12; 97:2; 104:2. 1 Ti. 6:16.
22 I have talked. De. 4:36. Ne. 9:13. He. 12:25, 26.
23 ver. 3–5. See on ch. 32:1–4. 1 Sa. 5:4, 5. 2 Ki. 17:33, 41. Eze. 20:39; 43:8. Da. 5:4, 23. Zep. 1:5. 1 Co. 10:21, 22. 2 Co. 6:14–16. Col. 2:18, 19. 1 Jno. 5:20, 21. Re. 22:15.
24 altar. Jno. 4:24. burnt. Le. ch. 1; 3. in all places. De. 12:5, 11, 21; 14:23; 16:5, 6, 11; 26:2. 1 Ki. 8:29, 43; 9:3. 2 Ch. 6:6; 7:16; 12:13. Ezr. 6:12. Ne. 1:9. Ps. 74:7; 76:2; 78:68; 132:13, 14. Je. 7:10–12. Mal. 1:11. Mat. 18:20; 28:20. Jno. 4:20–23. 1 Ti. 2:8. will bless thee. Ge. 12:2. Nu. 6:24–27. De. 7:13. 2 Sa. 6:12. Ps. 128:5; 134:3.
25 And. De. 27:5, 6. Jos. 8:31. build it of hewn stone. Heb. build them with hewing.
26 thy nakedness. Le. 10:3. Ps. 89:7. Ec. 5:1. He. 12:28, 29. 1 Pe. 1:16.


  CHAP. 21

  Laws for men servants, 1–4. For the servant whose ear is bored, 5, 6. For women servants, 7–11. For manslaughter, 12–15. For stealers of men, 16. For cursers of parents, 17. For smiters, 18–21. For a hurt by chance, 22–27. For an ox that gores, 28–32. For him that is an occasion of harm, 33–36.

1 the judgments. Le. 18:5, 26; 19:37; 20:22. Nu. 35:24; 36:13. De. 5:1, 31; 6:20. 1 Ki. 6:12. 2 Ch. 19:10. Ne. 9:13, 14; 10:29. Ps. 147:19. Eze. 20:11, 25. Mal. 4:4. which. ch. 19:7; 24:3, 4. De. 4:5, 8, 14, 45; 6:20. Mat. 28:20. 1 Th. 4:1.
2 an Hebrew. ch. 12:44; 22:3. Ge. 27:28, 36. Le. 25:39–41, 44. 2 Ki. 4:1. Ne. 5:1–5, 8. Mat. 18:25. 1 Co. 6:20. and in the. Le. 25:40–43, 45. De. 15:1, 12–15, 18; 31:10. Je. 34:8–17.
3 by himself. Heb. with his body.
5 And if. De. 15:16, 17. Is. 26:13. 2 Co. 5:14, 15. shall plainly say. Heb. saying shall say.
6 the judges. ver. 22; ch. 12:12; 18:21–26; 22:8, 9, 28. Nu. 25:5–8. De. 1:16; 16:18; 19:17, 18. 1 Sa. 8:1, 2. Is. 1:26. Zep. 3:3. bore his ear. This significant ceremony was intended as a mark of permanent servitude, and was calculated to impress the servant with the duty of hearing all his master’s orders, and obeying them punctually. Ps. 40:6–8. for ever. Le. 25:23, 40. De. 15:17. 1 Sa. 1:22; 27:12; 28:2. 1 Ki. 12:7.
7 sell. Ne. 5:5. go out. ver. 2, 3.
8 please not. Heb. be evil in the eyes of, etc. Ge. 28:8. Ju. 14:3. 1 Sa. 8:6; 18:8, marg. who hath. De. 20:7; 21:11–14. seeing. ch. 8:29. Ju. 9:19. Job 6:15. Mal. 2:11–15.
10 her food. Sheairah, ‘her flesh:’ he shall not only afford her a sufficient quantity of food, as before, but of the same quality. She is not to be fed, like a common slave, with a sufficiency of bread, vegetables, milk, etc., but with her customary supply of flesh, and other agreeable articles of food. 1 Co. 7:1–6.
11 See on ver. 2.
12 ch. 20:13. Ge. 9:6. Le. 24:17. Nu. 35:16–24, 30, 31. De. 19:11–13. 2 Sa. 12:13. Mat. 26:52.
13 lie not. Nu. 35:11, 22. De. 19:4–6, 11. Mi. 7:2. God. 1 Sa. 24:4, 10, 18. 2 Sa. 16:10. Is. 10:7. I will appoint. Nu. 35:11. De. 4:41–43; 19:1–8, 9. Jos. 20:2–9.
14 presumptuously. Nu. 15:30, 31. De. 1:43; 17:12, 13; 18:22; 19:11–13. 1 Ki. 2:29–34. Ps. 19:13. He. 10:26. 2 Pe. 2:10. slay. Nu. 35:20, 21. De. 27:24. 2 Sa. 3:27; 20:9, 10. take him. 1 Ki. 1:50, 51; 2:28–34. 2 Ki. 11:15.
15 To smite either father or mother, in a manner which indicated either contempt or malice, or left marks of violence, was deemed a proof of so ungrateful and unnatural a disposition, that no provocation was admitted as an excuse, but the offence was made capital: nay, he who cursed his father or mother, who uttered imprecations, ill wishes, or revilings, against a parent, was included in the same sense; though few crimes were made capital by the law of Moses. The law of God, as delegated to parents, is honoured when they are honoured, and despised when they are despised: and to rebel against the lawful exercise of this authority is rebellion against God.—Rev. T. SCOTT. De. 21:18–21; 27:24. Pr. 30:11, 17. 1 Ti. 1:9.
16 stealeth. Ge. 40:15. De. 24:7. 1 Ti. 1:10. Re. 18:12. selleth him. Ge. 37:28. found in. ch. 22:4.
17 curseth. or, revileth. Le. 20:9. De. 27:16. Pr. 20:20; 30:11, 17. Mat. 15:3–6. Mar. 7:10, 11.
18 men. ver. 22; ch. 2:13. De. 25:11. 2 Sa. 14:6. another. or, his neighbour, a stone. ver. 20. Nu. 35:16–24.
19 upon his staff. 2 Sa. 3:29. Zec. 8:4. only he shall pay. This was a wise and excellent institution. The same provision is made in the civil law; and most courts of justice still regulate their decisions in such cases by this Mosaic precept. the loss. Heb. his ceasing.
20 smite. ver. 26, 27. De. 19:21. Pr. 29:19. Is. 58:3, 4. he shall. Ge. 9:6. Nu. 35:30–33. punished. Heb. avenged. Ge. 4:15, 24. Nu. 35:19. Ro. 13:4.
21 Le. 25:45, 46.
22 strive. ver. 18. as the judges. ver. 30. De. 16:18; 22:18, 19.
23 life for life. Nu. 35:31.
24 This is the earliest account we have of the ταυτοπαθεια, or Lex Talionis, law of like for like. ver. 26, 27. Le. 24:19, 20. De. 19:21. Ju. 1:6, 7. 1 Sa. 15:33. Mat. 5:38–40; 7:2. Lu. 6:38. Re. 16:6.
26 ver. 20. De. 16:19. Ne. 5:5. Job 31:13–15. Ps. 9:12; 10:14, 18; 72:12–14. Pr. 22:22, 23. Ep. 6:9. Col. 4:1.
28 the ox. ver. 32. Ge. 9:5, 6. Le. 20:15, 16.
29 his owner also. De. 21:1–9.
30 for the ransom. ver. 22; ch. 30:12. Nu. 35:31–33. Pr. 13:8.
32 Ge. 37:28. Zec. 11:12, 13. Mat. 26:15; 27:3–9. Phi. 2:7. and the ox. ver. 28, 29.
33 Ps. 9:15; 119:85. Pr. 28:10. Ec. 10:8. Je. 18:20, 22.
34 ver. 29, 30. ch. 22:6, 14.
36 ver. 29.


  CHAP. 22

  Of theft, 1–4. Of damage, 5, 6. Of trespasses, 7–13. Of borrowing, 14, 15. Of fornication, 16, 17. Of witchcraft, 18. Of bestiality, 19. Of idolatry, 20. Of strangers, widows, and fatherless, 21–24. Of usury, 25. Of pledges, 26, 27. Of reverence to magistrates, 28. Of the first fruits, 29, 30. Of torn flesh, 31.

1 sheep, or, goat, he shall. There is a smaller compensation required in other things, (ver. 9,) and also a disproportion between an ox and a sheep. The reason of the former is, as MAIMONIDES explains it, because money, goods, etc., are better guarded in houses and cities, than cattle in a field; which consequently can be more easily stolen. The reason of the latter seems to be, as it is explained by Bishop PATRICK, that an ox was of greater value, and more useful for the purposes of husbandry. Le. 6:1–6. Nu. 5:7. 2 Sa. 12:6. Pr. 6:31. Lu. 19:8. five oxen. Pr. 14:4.
2 breaking. Job 24:14; 30:5. Ho. 7:1. Joel 2:9. Mat. 6:19, 20; 24:43. 1 Th. 5:2. no blood. Nu. 35:27.
3 then he shall. See on ch. 21:2. Ju. 2:14; 10:7. Is. 50:1.
4 found. ch. 21:16. he shall restore double. ver. 1, 7, 9. Pr. 6:31. Is. 40:2. Je. 16:18. Re. 18:6.
5 shall he make restitution. ver. 3, 12. ch. 21, 34. Job 20:18.
6 If fire break out. Mr. HARMER observes, that it is a common custom in the East to set the dry herbage on fire; which fires, from want of care, often produce great damage. Hence a law to guard against such evils was highly expedient. so that the stacks of corn. Ju. 15:4, 5. 2 Sa. 14:30, 31. he that kindled the fire. ver. 9, 12; ch. 21:33, 34.
7 if the thief be found. Pr. 6:30, 31. Je. 2:26. Jno. 12:6. 1 Co. 6:10. let him pay double. See on ver. 4.
8 the judges, ver. 28, marg. ch. 21:6. De. 16:18; 19:17, 18. 1 Ch. 23:4. Ps. 82:1.
9 for all manner of trespass. Nu. 5:6, 7. 1 Ki. 8:31. Mat. 6:14, 15; 18:15, 35. Lu. 17:3, 4. the cause of both parties, ch. 18:21, 22; 23:6–8. De. 16:18, 19; 25:1. 2 Ch. 19:10. pay double unto his. ver. 4, 7.
10 Ge. 39:8. Lu. 12:48; 16:11. 2 Ti. 1:12.
11 an oath of the Lord. Le. 5:1; 6:3. 1 Ki. 2:42, 43. Pr. 30:9. He. 6:16. that he hath not. ver. 8; ch. 23:1.
12 stolen from, him. ver. 7. Ge. 31:39.
13 torn in pieces. Eze. 4:14. Am. 3:12. Mi. 5:8. Na. 2:12. let him bring it for witness. Or, rather, ‘Let him bring,’ aid hatteraiphah, an evidence of the thing torn, such as the horns, hoofs, etc.
14 borrow. De. 15:2; 23:19, 20. Ne. 5:4. Ps. 37:21. Mat. 5:42. Lu. 6:35. make it good. ver. 11; ch. 21:34. Le. 24:18.
15 it came for his hire. Zec. 8:10.
16 a man entice. Ge. 34:2–4. De. 22:28, 29.
17 utterly. De. 7:3, 4. pay. Heb. weigh. Ge. 23:16. dowry of virgins. Ge. 34:12. De. 22:29. 1 Sa. 18:25.
18 Le. 19:26, 31; 20:6, 27. De. 18:10, 11. 1 Sa. 28:3, 9. Is. 19:3. Ac. 8:9–11; 16:16–19; 19:19. Ga. 5:20. Re. 22:15.
19 Le. 18:23, 25; 20:15, 16. De. 27:21.
20 sacrificeth. Nu. 25:2–4, 7, 8. De. 13:1–15; 17:2–5; 18:20. utterly. Nu. 21:3. Jos. 23:15, 16.
21 vex a stranger. ch. 23:9. Le. 19:33; 25:35. De. 10:19. Je. 7:6; 22:3. Zec. 7:10. Mal. 3:5. for ye were strangers, ch. 20:2; 23:9. De. 10:19; 15:15; 23:7.
22 De. 10:18; 24:17; 27:19. Ps. 94:6, 7. Is. 1:17, 23; 10:2. Eze. 22:7. Zec. 7:10. Ja. 1:27.
23 they cry at all. De. 15:9; 24:15. Job 31:38, 39; 35:9. Lu. 18:7. I will surely. Job 34:28. Ps. 10:17, 18; 18:6; 140:12; 145:19; 146:7–9. Pr. 22:22, 23; 23:10, 11. Ja. 5:4.
24 my wrath. Job 31:23. Ps. 69:24; 76:7; 90:11. Na. 1:6. Ro. 2:5–9. He. 10:31. your wives. Job 27:13–15. Ps. 78:68, 64; 109:9. Je. 15:8; 18:21. La. 5:3. Lu. 6:38.
25 Le. 25:35–37. De. 23:19, 20. 2 Ki. 4:1, 7. Ne. 5:2–5, 7, 10, 11. Ps. 15:5. Pr. 28:8. Je. 15:10. Eze. 18:8, 17. Mat. 25:27. Lu. 19:23.
26 to pledge. De. 24:6, 10–13, 17. Job 22:6; 24:3, 9. Pr. 20:16; 22:27. Eze. 18:7, 16; 33:15. Am. 2:8.
27 when he crieth. ch. 2:23, 24. Ps. 34:6; 72:12. Is. 19:20. for I am gracious, ch. 34:6. 2 Ch. 30:9. Ps. 86:15; 136:10, 11.
28 the gods, or, judges, ver. 8, 9. Ps. 32:6; 82:1–7; 138:1. Jno. 10:34, 35. nor curse. ch. 21:17. 1 Sa. 24:6, 10; 26:9. Ec. 10:20. Ac. 23:3, 5. Ro. 13:2–7. Tit. 3:1, 2. 1 Pe. 2:17. 2 Pe. 2:10. Jude 8.
29 shalt not delay, ch. 23:16, 19. De. 26:2–10. 2 Ki. 4:42. 2 Ch. 31:5. Pr. 3:9, 10. Eze. 20:40. Mi. 7:1. Mat. 6:33. Ro. 8:23. Ja. 1:18. the first of thy ripe fruits. Heb. thy fulness. liquors. Heb. tear. the firstborn. ch. 13:2, 12; 34:19.
30 Likewise. De. 15:19. seven days. Le. 22:27.
31 holy. ch. 19:5, 6. Le. 11:45; 19:2. De. 14:21. 1 Pe. 1:15, 16. neither. Le. 17:15, 16; 20:25; 22:8. De. 14:21. Eze. 4:14; 44:31. Ac. 10:14; 15:20.


  CHAP. 23

  Of slander, false witness, and partiality, 1–3. Of charitableness, 4, 5. Of justice in judgment, 6, 7. Of taking bribes, 8. Of oppressing a stranger, 9. Of the year of rest, 10, 11. Of the sabbath, 12. Of idolatry, 13. Of the three feasts, 14–17. Of the blood and the fat of the sacrifice, 18, 19. An angel is promised, with a blessing, if they obey him, 20–33.

1 shalt not. ver. 7; ch. 20:16. Le. 19:16. 2 Sa. 16:3; 19:27. Ps. 15:3; 101:5; 120:3. Pr. 10:18; 17:4; 25:23. Je. 20:10. Mat. 28:14, 15. Ro. 3:8. raise or, receive. an unrighteous witness. De. 5:20; 19:16–21. 1 Ki. 21:10–13. Ps. 27:12; 85:11. Pr. 6:19; 12:17; 19:5, 9, 28; 21:28; 24:28; 25:18. Mat. 19:18; 26:59–61. Lu. 3:14; 19:8. Ac. 6:11–13. Ep. 4:25. 2 Ti. 3:3. 1 Pe. 3:16. Re. 12:10.
2 follow. ch. 32:1–5. Ge. 6:12; 7:1; 19:4, 7–9. Nu. 14:1–10. Jos. 24:15. 1 Sa. 15:9, 24. 1 Ki. 19:10. Job 31:34. Pr. 1:10, 11, 15; 4:14. Mat. 27:24–26. Mar. 15:15. Lu. 23:23, 24, 51. Jno. 7:50, 51. Ac. 24:27; 25:9. Ro. 1:32. Ga. 2:11–13. speak. or, answer. to decline. ver. 6, 7. Le. 19:15. De. 1:17. Ps. 72:2. Je. 37:15, 21; 38:5, 6, 9. Eze. 9:9. Ha. 1:4.
3 Ps. 82:2, 3. Ja. 3:17.
4 De. 22:1–4. Job 31:29, 30. Pr. 24:17, 18; 25:21. Mat. 5:44. Lu. 6:27, 28. Ro. 12:17–21. 1 Th. 5:15.
5 If thou see. De. 22:4. and wouldest forbear to help him. or, Wilt thou cease to help him? or, wouldest cease to leave thy business for him; thou shalt surely leave it to join with him.
6 ver. 2, 3. De. 16:19; 27:19. 2 Ch. 19:7. Job 31:13, 21, 22. Ps. 82:3, 4. Ec. 5:8, 10:1, 2. Je. 5:28; 6:28; 7:6. Am. 5:11, 12. Mi. 3:1–4. Zep. 3:1–4. Mal. 3:5. Ja. 2:5, 6.
7 far from. ver. 1. Le. 19:11. De. 19:16–21. Job 22:23. Pr. 4:14, 15. Is. 33:15. Lu. 3:14. Ep. 4:25. 1 Th. 5:22. the innocent. De. 27:25. for I will not. ch. 34:7. Pr. 17:15. Na. 1:3. Ro. 1:18; 2:5, 6.
8 thou slialt take. De. 16:19. 1 Sa. 8:3; 12:3. Ps. 26:10. Pr. 15:27; 17:8, 23; 19:4. Ec. 7:7. Is. 1:13; 5:23. Eze. 22:12. Ho. 4:18. Am. 5:12. Mi. 7:3. the wise. Heb. the seeing.
9 thou shalt not. ch. 21:21. De. 10:19; 24:14–18; 27:19. Ps. 94:6. Eze. 22:7. ye know. Mat. 18:33. He. 2:17, 18. heart. Heb. soul.
11 the seventh. See on Le. 25:2–7, 11, 12, 20, 22; 26:34, 35. olive-yard, or, olive-trees.
12 Six days. See on ch. 20:8–11; 31:15, 16. Lu. 13:14. and the son. De. 5:13–15. Is. 58:3.
13 be circumspect. De. 4:9, 15. Jos. 22:5; 23:11. 1 Ch. 28:7–9. Ps. 39:1. Ep. 5:15. 1 Ti. 4:16. He. 12:15. make no mention. Nu. 32:38. De. 12:3. Jos. 23:7. Ps. 16:4. Je. 10:11. Ho. 2:17. Zec. 13:2. Ep. 5:12.
14 ch. 34:22. Le. 23:5, 16, 34. De. 16:16.
15 the feast, ch. 12:14–28, 43–49; 13:6, 7; 34:18. Le. 23:5–8. Nu. 9:2–14; 28:16–25. De. 16:1–8. Jos. 5:10, 11. 2 Ki. 23:21–23. Mar. 14:12. Lu. 22:7. 1 Co. 5:7, 8. and none. ch. 34:20. Le. 23:10. De. 16:16. Pr. 3:9, 10.
16 feast of harvest. ch. 22:29; 34:22. Le. 23:9–21. Nu. 28:26–31. De. 16:9–12. Ac. 2:1. in-gathering, ch. 34:22. Le. 23:34–44. Nu. 29:12–39. De. 16:13–15. Ne. 8:14–18. Zec. 14:16–19. Jno. 7:2, 37.
17 ch. 34:23. De. 12:5; 16:16; 31:11. Ps. 84:7. Lu. 2:42.
18 blood. ch. 12:8, 15; 34:25. Le. 2:11; 7:12. De. 16:4. sacrifice. or, feast. remain. ch. 12:10. Le. 7:15.
19 first of the. ch. 22:29; 34:26. Le. 23:10–17. Nu. 18:12, 13. De. 12:5–7; 26:10. Ne. 10:35. 1 Co. 15:20. Re. 14:4. Thou shalt not seethe a kid. The true sense of this passage seems to be that assigned by Dr. CUDWORTH, from a MS. comment of a Karaïte Jew. ‘It was a custom with the ancient heathens, when they had gathered in all their fruits, to take a kid, and boil it in the dam’s milk; and then in a magical way, to go about and sprinkle all their trees, and fields, and gardens, and orchards with it, thinking by these means, that they should make them fruitful, and bring forth more abundantly in the following year. Wherefore, God forbad his people, the Jews, at, the time of their in-gathering, to use any such superstitious or idolatrous rite.’ ch. 34:26. De. 14:21. Pr. 12:10. Je. 10:3.
20 Angel. ch. 3:2–6; 14:19; 32:34; 33:2, 14. Ge. 48:16. Nu. 20:16. Jos. 5:13; 6:2. Ps. 91:11. Is. 63:9. Mal. 3:1. 1 Co. 10:9, 10. prepared. Ge. 15:18. Mat. 25:34. Jno. 14:3.
21 Beware of him. Ps. 2:12. Mat. 17:5. He. 12:25. provoke him not. Nu. 14:11. Ps. 78:40, 56, Ep. 4:30. He. 3:10, 16. he will not. ch. 32:34. Nu. 14:35. De. 18:19. Jos. 24:19. Je. 5:7. He. 3:11; 10:26–29; 12:25. 1 Jno. 5:16. my name. ch. 3:14; 34:5–7. Ps. 72:19; 83:18. Is. 7:14; 9:6; 42:8; 45:6; 57:15. Je. 23:6. Mat. 1:23. Jno. 5:23; 10:30, 38; 14:9, 10. Col. 2:9. Re. 1:8; 2:8, 23; 3:7.
22 an enemy. Ge. 12:3. Nu. 24:9. De. 30:7. Je. 30:20. Zec. 2:8. Ac. 9:4, 5. an adversary unto thine adversaries. or, I will afflict them that afflict thee.
23 mine Angel. ver. 20; ch. 32:2. Is. 5:13. thee in. ch. 3:17. Gen. 15:19–21; 34:2. Jos. 24:8–11. the Hivites. The LXX., Samaritan, Coptic, and one Hebrew MS. add, ‘and the Girgashite;’ thus making the seven nations.
24 shalt not. See on ch. 20:5. do after. Le. 18:3, 26–30. De. 12:30, 31. 2 Ch. 33:2, 9. Ps. 101:3; 106:35–38. Eze. 16:47. overthrow. ch. 32:20; 34:13, 14. Nu. 33:52. De. 7:5, 25, 26; 12:3. 2 Ch. 34:3–7.
25 And ye. De. 6:13; 10:12, 20; 11:13, 14; 13:4; 28:1–6. Jos. 22:5; 24:14, 15, 21, 24. 1 Sa. 7:3; 12:20, 24. Je. 8:2. Mat. 4:10. he shall. De. 7:13; 28:5–8. Is. 33:16. Mal. 3:10. I will take. ch. 15:26. De. 7:15. Ps. 103:3. Is. 33:24.
26 shall nothing. De. 7:14; 28:4. Job 21:10. Ps. 107:38; 144:13. Mal. 3:10, 11. the number. Ge. 25:8; 35:29. 1 Ch. 23:1. Job 5:26; 42:17. Ps. 55:23; 90:10. Is. 65:20.
27 my fear. ch. 15:14–16. Ge. 35:5. De. 2:25; 11:23, 25. Jos. 2:9–11. 1 Sa. 14:15. 2 Ki. 7:6. 2 Ch. 14:14. destroy. De. 7:23. backs. Heb. neck. Ps. 18:40.
28 hornets. Tzirâh, the hornet, may be so called from the zaraâ, to lay prostrate, strike down, because of the destruction occasioned by the violence of its sting. The hornet, in natural history, belongs to the species Crabro, of the genus Vespa, or Wasp. It is a most voracious insect, and exceedingly strong for its size, which is generally an inch in length. De. 7:20. Jos. 24:11.
29 in one year. De. 7:22. Jos. 15:63; 16:10; 17:12, 13. Ju. 3:1–4.
31 I will set. Ge. 15:18. Nu. 34:3–15. De. 11:24. Jos. 1:4. 1 Ki. 4:21, 24. Ps. 72:8. deliver the. Nu. 21:34. De. 3:2. Jos. 8:7, 18; 10:8, 19; 21:44; 23:14; 24:8. Ju. 1:4; 11:21. 1 Sa. 23:4. 1 Ki. 20:13.
32 shalt make. ch. 34:12, 15. De. 7:2. Jos. 9:14–23. 2 Sa. 21:1, 2. Ps. 106:35. 2 Co. 6:15. nor with. Nu. 25:1, 2. De. 7:16.
33 they make. 1 Ki. 14:16. 2 Ch. 33:9. it will surely. ch. 34:12. De. 7:16; 12:30. Jos. 23:13. Ju. 2:3. 1 Sa. 18:21. Ps. 106:36. 2 Ti. 2:26.


  CHAP. 24

  Moses is called up into the mountain, 1–2. The people promise obedience, 3. Moses builds an altar, and twelve pillars, 4, 5. He sprinkles the blood of the covenant, 6–8. The glory of God appears, 9–13. Aaron and Hur have the charge of the people, 14. Moses goes into the mountain, where he continues forty days and forty nights, 15–18.

1 Come up. ver. 15; ch. 3:5; 19:9, 20, 24; 20:21; 34:2. Nadab. ch. 6:23; 28:1. Le. 10:1, 2. 1 Ch. 6:3. seventy. ver. 9; ch. 1:5. Nu. 11:16, 24, 25. Eze. 8:11. Lu. 10:1, 17.
2 ver. 13, 15, 18; ch. 20:21. Nu. 16:5. Je. 30:21; 49:19. He. 9:24; 10:21, 22.
3 all the judgments. ch. 21–23. De. 4:1, 5, 45; 5:1, 31; 6:1; 11:1. All the words. ver. 7; ch. 19:8. De. 5:27, 28. Jos. 24:22. Ga. 3:19, 20.
4 wrote. De. 31:9. Jos. 24:26. and builded. ch. 20:24–26. twelve pillars. Ge. 28:18, 22; 31:45. Jos. 24:27. Ga. 2:9. according. ch. 28:21. Le. 24:5. Nu. 17:2. Jos. 4:2, 3, 8, 9, 20. 1 Ki. 11:30. Ezr. 6:17. Lu. 22:30. Re. 21:14.
5 young men. ch. 19:22. burnt offerings. ch. 18:12. Le. ch. 1. peace offerings. Le. ch. 3; 7:11–21.
6 the blood he. ver. 8; ch. 12:7, 22. Col. 1:20. He. 9:18; 12:24. 1 Pe. 1:2, 19. on the altar. ch. 29:16, 20. Le. 1:5, 11; 3:2, 8; 4:6.
7 the book. ver. 4. He. 9:18–23. read. De. 31:11–13. Ac. 13:15. Col. 4:16. 1 Th. 5:27. All that. ver. 3. Je. 7:23, 24.
8 sprinkled. See on ver. 6. Le. 8:30. Is. 52:15. Eze. 36:25. He. 9:18–21. Behold. Zec. 9:11. Mat. 26:28. Mar. 14:24. Lu. 22:20. 1 Co. 11:25. Ep. 1:7. He. 9:20; 10:4, 5; 13:20. 1 Pe. 1:2.
9 See on ver. 1.
10 saw. ver. 11; ch. 3:6; 33:20, 23. Ge. 32:30. Ju. 13:21, 22. 1 Ki. 22:19. Is. 6:1–5. Eze. 1:28. Jno. 1:18; 14:9. 1 Ti. 6:16. 1 Jno. 4:12. of a sapphire stone. The Hebrew sappir, is without doubt the sapphire; which is a most beautiful precious stone of a fine blue colour, second only to the diamond in lustre, hardness, and value. The ancient oriental sapphire is supposed to have been the same as the lapis lazuli. It glitters with golden spots; and is of an azure or sky-blue colour, but rarely intermixed with purple. The ruby and topaz are considered of the same genus. Eze. 1:26, 27; 10:1. Re. 4:3; 21:19–23. in his clearness. Ca. 6:10. Mat. 17:2. Re. 1:16; 21:11, 18.
11 nobles. ver. 1, 9. Nu. 21:18. Ju. 5:13. 1 Ki. 21:8. 2 Ch. 23:20. Ne. 2:16. Je. 14:3. laid not. ch. 19:21; 33:20–23. Ge. 32:24–32. De. 4:33. Ju. 13:22. they saw. ver. 10. Ge. 16:13. did eat. ch. 18:12. Ge. 18:18; 31:54. De. 12:7. Ec. 9:7. Lu. 15:23, 24. 1 Co. 10:16–18.
12 Come up. ver. 2, 15, 18. tables. ch. 31:18; 32:15, 16. De. 5:22. Ne. 9:13. Je. 31:33. 2 Co. 3:3, 7. He. 9:4. that thou. De. 4:14. Ezr. 7:10. Mat. 5:19.
13 his minister. ch. 17:9–14; 32:17; 33:11. Nu. 11:28. went up. ver. 2.
14 Tarry ye. ch. 32:1. Ge. 22:5. 1 Sa. 10:8; 13:8–13. Hur. ch. 17:10, 12. if any man. ch. 18:25, 26.
15 a cloud. ch. 19:9, 16. 2 Ch. 6:1. Mat. 17:5.
16 the glory. ver. 17; ch. 16:10. Le. 9:23. Nu. 14:10; 16:42. Eze. 1:28. 2 Co. 4:6. seventh day. ch. 19:11; 20:10. Re. 1:10.
17 like devouring fire. ch. 3:2; 19:18. De. 4:24, 36. Eze. 1:27. Na. 1:6. Hab. 3:4, 5. He. 12:18, 29.
18 went into. ver. 17; ch. 9:29, 33; 19:20. Pr. 28:1. forty days. ch. 34:28. De. 9:9, 18, 25; 10:10. 1 Ki. 19:8. Mat. 4:2. Mar. 1:13. Lu. 4:2.


  CHAP. 25

  What the Israelites were to offer for the formation of the tabernacle, 1–9. The form of the ark, 10–16. The mercy seat, with the cherubims, 17–22. The table of shew bread, with the furniture thereof, 23–30. The golden candlestick, with the instruments thereof, 31–40.

2 they. ch. 35:5–29. Nu. 7:3–88. De. 16:16, 17. 1 Ch. ch. 29. bring me. Heb. take for me. offering. or, heave offering. Nu. 18:24. willingly. ch. 35:5, 21. Ju. 5:9. 1 Ch. 29:3, 5, 9, 14, 17. Ezr. 1:6; 2:68; 3:5; 7:16. Ne. 11:2. Ps. 110:3. 2 Co. 8:12; 9:7.
3 brass. Nechosheth, rather, copper; as brass is a factitious metal, composed of copper, and the oxide or ore of zinc, called lapis calaminaris.
4 blue. Techaileth, generally supposed to mean an azure or sky-colour: rendered by the LXX. υακινθον, and vulgate, hyacinthum. fine linen. or, silk. Ge. 41:42. Eze. 16:10. Re. 19:8.
5 ch. 26:14. shittim wood. ch. 26:15, 26, 37; 27:1; 36:20.
6 Oil for. ver. 37; ch. 27:20; 40:24, 25. spices. ch. 30:23–38.
7 Onyx stones. ch. 28:9–21. ephod. ch. 28:4, 6, 15.
8 a sanctuary. ch. 15:2; 36:1–4. Le. 4:6; 10:4; 21:12. He. 9:1, 2. I may dwell. ch. 29:45. 1 Ki. 6:13. Is. 12:6. Zec. 2:10; 8:3. 2 Co. 6:16. He. 3:6. Re. 21:3.
9 the pattern of the tabernacle. ver. 40, 1 Ch. 28:11–19. He. 8:5; 9:9.
10 an ark. Aron denotes a chest, or coffer, in general; but is applied particularly to the chest or ark in which the testimony or two tables of the covenant were laid up; on the top of which was the propitiatory or mercy seat; and at the end of which were the cherubim of gold; between whom the visible sign of the presence of God appeared as seated upon his throne. ch. 37:1–3. De. 10:1–3. 2 Ch. 8:11. He. 9:4. Re. 11:19.
11 ver. 24; ch. 30:3. 1 Ki. 6:20. 2 Ch. 3:4.
12 ver. 15, 26; ch. 26:29; 27:7; 37:5; 38:7.
13 ver. 28; ch. 27:6; 30:5; 37:4; 40:20. Nu. 4:6, 8, 11, 14. 1 Ch. 15:15.
15 1 Ki. 8:8. 2 Ch. 5:9.
16 ch. 16:34; 27:21; 30:6, 36; 31:18; 32:15; 34:29; 38:21. Nu. 17:4. De. 10:2–5; 31:26. 1 Ki. 8:9. 2 Ki. 11:12. 2 Ch. 34:14, 15. Ac. 7:44. Ro. 3:2. He. 9:4.
17 mercy seat. ch. 26:34; 37:6; 40:20. Le. 16:12–15. 1 Ch. 28:11. Ro. 3:25. He. 4:16; 9:5. 1 Jno. 2:2.
18 two cherubims of gold. ch. 37:7–9. Ge. 3:24. 1 Sa. 4:4. 1 Ki. 6:23–28; 8:6, 7. 1 Ch. 28:18. Eze. 10:2, 20; 41:18, 19. He. 9:5.
19 of the. or, of the matter of the.
20 cherubims shall. ver. 18. 1 Ki. 8:7. 1 Ch. 28:18. 2 Ch. 3:10. covering. Eze. 28:14. toward. Ge. 28:12. Is. 6:1–5. Eze. 1:20. Mat. 24:31. Jno. 1:51. 1 Co. 4:9; 11:10. Ep. 3:10. Col. 2:10. He. 1:14. 1 Pe. 1:12; 3:22. Re. 5:11, 12.
21 mercy seat. ver. 17; ch. 26:34. Ro. 10:4. in. See on ver. 16.
22 and I will. ch. 20:24; 30:6, 36; 31:18. Ge. 18:33. Le. 1:1; 16:2. Nu. 7:89; 17:4. De. 5:26–31. Ju. 20:27. between. ch. 29:42, 43; 31:6. 1 Sa. 4:4. 2 Sa. 6:2. 2 Ki. 19:15. Ps. 80:1; 90:1; 99:1. Is. 37:16.
23 a table. ch. 37:10–16; 40:22, 23. Le. 24:6. Nu. 3:31. 1 Ki. 7:48. 1 Ch. 28:16. 2 Ch. 4:8, 19. Eze. 40:41, 42. He. 9:2. shittim wood. Shittim wood is probably the acacia Nilotica. St. JEROME says, that the shittim wood grows in the deserts of Arabia, and is like white thorn, as to its colour and leaves; but the tree is so large as to furnish very long planks. The wood is hard, tough, and extremely beautiful. It is thought he means the black acacia, because that is the most common tree in the deserts of Arabia. It is of the size of a large mulberry tree. The spreading branches and larger limbs are armed with thorns, which grow three together. The bark is rough; and the leaves are oblong, standing opposite each other. The flowers, though sometimes white, are generally of a bright yellow; and the fruit, which resembles a bean, is contained in pods like those of the lupin. ‘The acacia,’ says Dr. SHAW, ‘being by ranch the largest and most common tree in the deserts,’ (Arabia Petræa,) we have some reason to conjecture that the shittim wood was the wood of the acacia, especially as its flowers are of an excellent smell; for the shittah tree is, in Is. 41:19, joined with the myrtle and other fragrant shrubs. It may be remarked, that of the two Hebrew names, shittim is masculine, and shittah feminine. So Mr. BRUCE says, ‘the MALE is called saiel; from it proceeds the gum Arabic, on incision with an axe.’
24 See on ver. 11. 1 Ki. 6:20–22.
25 a golden crown to the border. ch. 30:3; 37:2.
26 four rings of gold. See on ver. 12.
27 for places of the staves. ver. 14, 28.
28 the table. ver. 14, 27. Nu. 10:17. Ac. 9:15.
29 the. ch. 37:16. Nu. 4:7; 7:13, 19, 31, etc. 1 Ki. 7:50. 2 Ch. 4:22. Ezr. 1:9–11. Je. 52:18, 19. to cover. or, to pour out. Le. 24:5–9. Ca. 5:1. Re. 3:20.
30 ch. 35:13; 39:36. Le. 24:5, 6. Nu. 4:7. 1 Sa. 21:6. 1 Ch. 9:32; 23:29. 2 Ch. 13:11. Mal. 1:7, 12. Mat. 12:4.
31 a candlestick. ch. 35:14; 37:17–24; 40:24, 25. 1 Ki. 7:49. 2 Ch. 13:11. Zec. 4:2. He. 9:2. Re. 1:12, 20; 2:1, 5; 4:5. his knops. 1 Ki. 6:18; 7:24.
33 like unto. Nu. 17:4–8. Je. 1:11, 12. and three. ch. 37:19, 20. Zec. 4:3.
36 beaten. ver. 18. Nu. 8:4. 1 Ki. 10:16, 17. 2 Ch. 9:15.
37 seven. ch. 37:23. Ze. 4:2. Re. 1:4, 12, 20; 2:1; 4:5. they shall. ch. 27:21; 30:8. Le. 24:2–4. 2 Ch. 13:11. light. or, cause to ascend. give. ch. 40:24. Nu. 8:2. Ps. 119:105. Pr. 6:23. Is. 8:20. Mat. 5:14. Lu. 1:79. Jno. 1:9; 8:12; 12:5. Ac. 26:18. Re. 21:23–25; 22:5. it. Heb. the face of it. Nu. 8:2.
38 the tongs. 2 Ch. 4:21. Is. 6:6. snuff dishes. ch. 37:23. Nu. 4:9. 1 Ki. 7:50. 2 Ki. 12:13; 25:14. Je. 52:18.
40 that thou make. ch. 26:30; 39:42, 43. Nu. 8:4. 1 Ch. 28:11, 19. Eze. 43:11, 12. Ac. 7:44. He. 8:5. was shewed thee in the mount. Heb. thou wast caused to see in the mount.


  CHAP. 26

  The ten curtains of the tabernacle, 1–6. The eleven curtains of goats’ hair, and the coverings of rams’ and badgers’skins, 7–14. The boards of the tabernacle, with their sockets and bars, 15–30. The vail for the ark, 31–36. The hanging for the door, 36, 37.

1 the tabernacle with ten curtains. The word mishcan, from shachan, to dwell, means simply a dwelling-place, or habitation. ‘When God had brought the children of Israel out of Egypt,’ says the very learned Dr. CUDWORTH, ‘resolving to manifest himself in a peculiar manner present among them, he thought good to dwell amongst them in a visible and external manner; and therefore, while they were in the wilderness, and sojourned in tents, he would have a tent or tabernacle built, to sojourn with them also.—Now, the tabernacle being thus a house for God to dwell in visibly, to make up the notion of dwelling or habitation complete, there must be all things suitable to a house belonging to it. Hence, in the holy place, there must be a table and a candlestick, because these were the ordinary furniture of a room. The table must have its dishes, and spoons, and bowls, and covers, belonging to it, though they were never used; and always be furnished with bread upon it. The candlestick must have its lamps continually burning,’ etc. ch. 25:8; 36:8–19; 40:2, 17–19. 1 Ch. 17:1; 21:29. Jno. 1:14; 2:21. He. 8:2; 9:9, 23, 24. Re. 21:3. fine twined linen. ver. 36; ch. 25:4; 35:6, 35. Re. 19:8. cherubims. See on ch. 25:18. cunning work. Heb. the work of a cunning workman, or embroiderer.
2 curtain. ver. 7, 8. Nu. 4:25. 2 Sa. 7:2. 1 Ch. 17:1.
3 coupled together. ver. 9; ch. 36:10. Jno. 17:21. 1 Co. 12:4, 12–27. Ep. 2:21, 22; 4:3–6, 16. Col. 2:2, 19.
4 loops of blue. ver. 5, 10, 11; ch. 36:11, 12, 17.
6 taches of gold. ver. 11, 33; ch. 35:11; 36:13, 18; 39:33. one tabernacle. Ep. 1:22, 23; 4:16. 1 Pe. 2:4, 5.
7 curtains. ch. 35:26; 36:14–18. Nu. 4:25. Ps. 45:13. 1 Pe. 3:4; 5:5. goats’ hair. Izzim, goats, but used here elliptically for goats’ hair. In different parts of Asia Minor, Syria, Cilicia, and Phrygia, the goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair; in some cases, almost as fine as silk, which is shorn at proper times, and manufactured into garments. ch. 25:4; 35:6, 23. Nu. 31:20. a. ver. 14. Is. 4:5. eleven, ver. 1, 9, 12.
8 length of one curtain, ver. 2, 13.
9 five curtains by themselves, ver. 3.
10 fifty loops, ver. 4–6.
11 tent, or, covering. See on ver. 3, 6.
12 shall hang over. ver. 9.
13 a cubit. ver. 2, 8. of that which remaineth. Heb. in the remainder, or surplusage.
14 a covering. ch. 36:19. Nu. 4:5. Ps. 27:5; 121:4, 5. Is. 4:6; 25:4. rams’ skins dyed red. Oroth ailim meoddamim, literally, the skins of red rams. It is a fact, attested by many respectable travellers, that in the Levant, sheep are often met with having red or violet coloured fleeces. Almost all ancient writers speak of the same thing. ch. 25:5; 35:7, 23; 39:34. Nu. 4:10. Eze. 16:10. badgers’ skins. Oroth techashim, which nearly all the ancient versions have taken to be the name of a colour, though they differ very much with regard to the particular colour intended: the LXX., Vulgate, and Coptic, have skins dyed of a violet colour; the Syriac, azure; and the Arabic, black; and BOCHART contends for the hysginus, a very deep blue. It may, however, denote an animal; for Dr. GEDDES remarks, had the sacred writer meant to express only a variety of colour, he would hardly have repeated ôroth, skins, after meoddamim, red, in ch. 25:5.
15 boards. ver. 18, 22–29; ch. 36:20–33; 40:17, 18. Nu. 4:31, 32. Ep. 2:20, 21. of shittim. ch. 25:5.
17 tenons. Heb. hands.
19 forty sockets of silver. ver. 25, 37; ch. 27:10, 12–18; 36:24–26; 38:27, 30, 31; 40:18. Nu. 3:36; 4:31, 32. Ca. 5:15.
21 two sockets under one board. vor. 19.
24 be coupled. Heb. twined. and they shall be coupled together above. ch. 36:29, 30. Ps. 133:1–3. 1 Co. 1:10; 3:16. 1 Pe. 2:5.
26 bars of shittim wood. ch. 36:31–38. Nu. 3:36; 4:31. Ro. 15:1. 1 Co. 9:19, 20. Ga. 6:1, 2. Ep. 4:16. Col. 2:19.
29 overlay the boards with gold. See on ch. 25:11, 12.
30 rear up the tabernacle. ch. 40:2, 17, 18. Nu. 10:21. Jos. 18:1. He. 8:2. according to the fashion. ch. 25:9, 40; 27:8. Ac. 7:44. He. 8:5; 9:23.
31 a vail of. ch. 36:35; 40:3, 21. Le. 16:2, 15. 2 Ch. 3:14. Mat. 27:51. Mar. 15:38. Lu. 23:45. Ep. 2:14. He. 9:3–8; 10:20, 21. blue. ch. 25:4; 35:6, 25, 35; 36:8. purple. Argaman, a very precious colour, extracted from the purpura, or murex, a species of shell-fish; and supposed to be the same with the costly and much celebrated Tyrian purple, scarlet. Tolaâth; properly the worm whence the scarlet colour was produced; which grew in a coccus, or excrescence, of a shrub of the ilex kind, like the cochineal worm in the Opuntia of America; which is arranged under the same genus as the Arabic Kermez, which also denotes this colour. cunning work. ver. 1; ch. 28:15; 38:23. 2 Ch. 2:7–13. Ps. 137:5. Ca. 7:1. cherubims shall it be made. See on ch. 25:18.
32 pillars of shittim. ver. 37; ch. 36:38. Es. 1:6. their hooks shall be of gold. The Hebrew waveyhem, which we translate their hooks, is rendered by the LXX. κεφαλιδες, and by the Vulgate, capita, capitals. Hence CALMET contends, 1. That if Moses does not mean the capitals of the pillars by this word, he mentions them nowhere else; and it would seem strange, that while he describes them with so much exactness, that he should not mention the capitals; or that pillars every way so correctly formed, should have been destitute of this necessary ornament. 2. As Moses was commanded to make the wavim of the pillars, and their fillets, of silver, (ch. 27:10, 11,) and the wavim of the pillars of the vail, of gold, (ch. 36:36,) and that 1775 skekels were employed in making them, overlaying their chapiters, rasheyhem, their heads, and filleting them, (ch. 38:28,) it is more reasonable to suppose that all this is spoken of the capitals of pillars, than of any kind of hooks, especially as hooks are mentioned under the word taches or clasps. But as the root wavah seems to signify to connect, (for ווי, in Arabic, is to marry a wife,) and as the letter וו, wav, if it has not its name from its hook-like form, is yet used as a connective particle, it would rather appear to denote hooks, which connected the curtains or vails to the pillars. The LXX. also render it αγκυλαι, handles, and κρικοι, rings or clasps.
33 the taches. ch. 27:10; 36:36. within the vail. He. 9:4, 5. the ark of the testimony. ch. 25:16; 40:21. the holy place. Le. 16:2. 1 Ki. 8:6, 10. 2 Ch. 5:7–10. He. 9:2, 3.
34 put the mercy seat. See on ch. 25:21; 40:20. He. 9:5.
35 the table. See on ch. 40:22. He. 9:2, 8, 9. the candlestick. See on ch. 25:31–37; 40:24.
36 hanging. This may be termed the first vail, as it occupied the door or entrance to the tabernacle: the vail that separated the Holy of Holies is called the second vail, He. 9:3. Mr. MORIER, (Second Journey through Persia, 251,) describing the tent of a chief of the Eelauts, says, ‘It was composed of a wooden frame of circular laths, which were fixed on the ground, and then covered over with large felts, that were fastened down by a cord, ornamented by tassels of various colours. A curtain, curiously worked by the women, with coarse needle-work of various colours, was suspended over the door. In the king of Persia’s tents, magnificent perdahs, or hangings of needle-work, are suspended, as well as on the doors of the great mosques in Turkey; and these circumstances combined, will, perhaps, illustrate Ex. 26:36.’ ch. 36:37; 40:28. Jno. 10:9; 14:6. the tent. ch. 35:11; 39:33; 40:29. Nu. 3:25; 9:15. 2 Sa. 7:6. Ps. 78:60. of blue. See on ver. 31.
37 overlay them with gold. ch. 36:38.


  CHAP. 27

  The altar of burnt offering, with the vessels thereof, 1–8. The court of the tabernacle inclosed with hangings and pillars, 9–17. The measure of the court, and the furniture of brass, 18, 19. The oil for the lamp, 20, 21.

1 altar of shittim wood. ch. 20:24–26; 24:4; 38:1–7; 40:10, 29. 2 Sa. 24:18. 2 Ch. 4:1. Eze. 43:13–17. He. 13:10.
2 horns of it upon the four corners thereof. The horns might have been designed not only for ornament, but to prevent the sacrifices from falling off, and to tie the victim to, previous to its being sacrificed, ch. 29:12. Le. 4:7, 18, 25; 8:15; 16:18. 1 Ki. 1:50; 2:28. Ps. 118:27. He. 6:18. overlay it with brass. Nu. 16:38, 39. 1 Ki. 8:64.
3 his shovels. Le. 16:12. 1 Ki. 7:40, 45. 2 Ch. 4:11. Je. 52:18. basons. ch. 24:6. flesh-hooks. ch. 38:3. Nu. 4:14. 1 Sa. 2:13, 14. 1 Ch. 28:17. 2 Ch. 4:16. firepans. 1 Ki. 7:45. 2 Ki. 25:15. Je. 52:19, 20.
4 a grate of network. ch. 35:16; 38:4, 5. rings in the four corners thereof. See on ch. 25:12.
5 compass of the altar. ch. 38:4.
6 staves for the altar. See on ch. 35:13–15; 30:4. Nu. 4:44.
7 bear it. ch. 25:28; 30:4. Nu. 4:13, 14.
8 as it was shewed. Heb. he shewed. ch. 25:9, 40; 26:30, etc. 1 Ch. 28:11, 19. Mat. 15:9. Col. 2:20–23. He. 8:5.
9 the court. ch. 38:9–20; 40:8. 1 Ki. 6:36; 8:64. 2 Ch. 33:5. Ps. 84:10; 92:13; 100:4; 116:19. Eze. 40:14, 20, 23, 28, 32, 44; 42:3, 19, 20; 46:20–24. hangings for. ch. 26:31–37; 35:17; 39:40.
10 sockets shall be of brass. See on ch. 26:19–21. fillets shall be of silver. ch. 36:38. Je. 52:21.
14 hangings of one side. ver. 9; ch. 26:36.
16 of blue. See on ch. 26:31, 36. needle-work. ch. 28:39; 36:37; 39:29. Ju. 5:30. Ps. 45:14.
18 length of the court. ver. 9–12. fifty every where. Heb. fifty by fifty.
19 all the pins thereof. ver. 3; ch. 35:18; 38:20, 31.; 39:40. Nu. 3:37; 4:32. Ezr. 9:8. Ec. 12:11. Is. 22:23–25; 33:20. Zec. 10:4.
20 pure oil olive beaten. That is, such oil as could be easily expressed from the olives, after they had been bruised in a mortar; and which is much purer than that obtained after the olives are put under the press. ch. 39:37. Le. 24:2–4. Ju. 9:9. Ps. 23:5. Zec. 4:11–14. Re. 11:4. for the light. See on ch. 25:31–37. to cause the lamp. JOSEPHUS says, that the whole of the seven lamps burned all night; and that in the morning four were extinguished, and three burned the whole of the day. Such might have been the practice in his time; but it appears sufficiently evident from ch. 30:8, and 1 Sa. 3:3, that they were anciently extinguished in the morning. to burn. Heb. to ascend up.
21 the tabernacle of the congregation. ch. 29:10, 44. Le. 3:8. Nu. 8:9. without the vail. ch. 26:31–33; 40:3. testimony. See on ch. 16:34; 25:16, 21. Aaron. ch. 30:8. 1 Sa. 3:3. 2 Ch. 13:11. Mal. 2:7. Mat. 4:16. Lu. 12:35. Jno. 5:35. 2 Co. 4:6. 2 Pe. 1:19. Re. 2:1. evening. Ge. 1:5, 8. Le. 24:3. Ps. 134:1. a statute for ever. ch. 28:43; 29:9, 28. Le. 3:17; 16:34; 24:9. Nu. 18:23; 19:21. 1 Sa. 30:25.


  CHAP. 28

  Aaron and his sons are set apart for the priest’s office, 1. Holy garments are appointed, 2–5. The ephod and girdle, 6–14. The breast-plate with twelve precious stones, 15–29. The Urim and Thummim, 30. The robe qf the ephod, with pomegranates and bells, 31–35. The plate of the mitre, 36–38. The embroidered coat, 39. The garments for Aaron’s sons, 40–43.

1 take. Le. 8:2. Nu. 16:9–11; 17:2–9. 2 Ch. 26:18–21. He. 5:1–5. among. ver. 41; ch. 29:1, 9, 44; 30:30; 31:10; 35:19. Nu. 18:7. De. 10:6. 1 Ch. 6:10. 2 Ch. 11:14. Lu. 1:8. Nadab. ch. 6:23; 24:1, 9. Le. 10:1, 12. Nu. 2:4; 26:61. 1 Ch. 24:1–4.
2 holy garments. ch. 29:5–9, 29, 30; 31:10; 39:1, 2; 40:13. Le. 8:7–9, 30. Nu. 20:26–28. Ps. 132:9, 16. Is. 61:3, 10; 64:6. Zec. 3:3, 4. Ro. 3:22; 13:14. Ga. 3:27. He. 7:26. Re. 19:8. glory. ver. 40; ch. 19:5, 6. Nu. 27:20, 21. Job 40:10. Ps. 90:16, 17; 96:6; 149:4. Is. 4:2. Je. 9:23, 24. 1 Co. 1:30, 31. Ro. 5:10; 19:8.
3 wise hearted. ch. 31:3–6; 35:30, 35; 36:1, 2; Pr. 2:6. Is. 28:24–26. filled. De. 34:9. Is. 11:2. 1 Co. 12:7–11. Ep. 1:17. Ja. 1:17.
4 a breastplate. Choshen, in Hebrew is used for the square breast-plate of the high priest, in which were set twelve precious stones, each being engraved with the name of one of the sons of Jacob. ver. 15; ch. 39:8–21. Is. 59:17. Ep. 6:14. 1 Th. 5:8. Re. 9:17. ephod. The ephod seems to have been a short cloak, without sleeves. ver. 6–8. ver. 6–14; ch. 39:2–5, 21, 22. Le. 8:7, 8. 1 Sa. 2:18; 22:18; 23:6; 30:7. 2 Sa. 6:14. a robe. The word meil, from âlah, to ascend, go up on, may be considered as an upper garment that goes up or over the rest, a surtout. ver. 31–34; ch. 39:25, 26. broidered. ver. 39, 40. Le. 8:7. a mitre. ch. 39:28. Le. 8:9. a girdle. Is. 11:5.
5 gold. ch. 25:3, 4; 39:2, 3.
6 linen. See on ch. 26:1.
7 ch. 39:4.
8 curious. or, embroidered. ver. 27, 28; ch. 29:5; 39:20, 21. Le. 8:7. Is. 11:5. 1 Pe. 1:13. Re. 1:13.
9 onyx. ver. 20; ch. 39:13. Ge. 2:12. Job 28:16. Eze. 28:13. grave. ver. 36; ch. 39:6. 2 Ch. 2:7. Ca. 8:6. Is. 49:16.
10 according to their birth. ch. 1:1–4. Ge. 43:33.
11 engravings of a signet. ver. 21, 36. Je. 22:24. Zec. 3:9. Ep. 1:13; 4:30. 2 Ti. 2:19. Re. 7:2. ouches of gold. ver. 13, 14, 25; ch. 39:6, 13, 18.
12 the shoulders. ver. 7. Ps. 89:19. Is. 9:6; 12:2. Zec. 6:13, 14. He. 7:25–28. Aaron shall bear. ver. 29; ch. 39:6, 7. for a memorial. ch. 12:14; 13:9; 39:7. Ge. 9:12–17. Le. 24:7. Nu. 16:40; 31:54. Jos. 4:7. Is. 62:6. Zec. 6:14. Lu. 1:54, 72. Ac. 10:4.
14 chains of. ver. 24; ch. 39:15. of wreathen. ver. 22–25; ch. 39:17, 18. 1 Ki. 7:17. 2 Ki. 25:17. 2 Ch. 4:12, 13.
15 the breastplate. See on ver. 4, 30; ch. 39:8. Le. 8:8. after. See on ver. 6; ch. 26:1.
17 thou shalt. See on ver. 9, 11; ch. 39:10, etc. Mal. 3:17. set in it settings of stones. Heb. fill in it fillings of stone. the first row. Eze. 28:13. Re. 21:19–21. a sardius, or, ruby. The Hebrew odem, from adam, to be red, ruddy, seems to denote the ruby; as adam does in Persian a beautiful gem, of a fine deep red colour, with a mixture of purple. Job 28:18. Pr. 3:15; 8:11; 20:15; 31:10. La. 4:7. a topaz. Pitdah, is constantly rendered by the LXX. τοπαζιον, and Vulgate, topazius, with which agrees JOSEPHUS. The topaz is a precious stone, of a pale, dead green, with a mixture of yellow, sometimes of a fine yellow; and hence called chrysolyte by the moderns, from its gold colour. Job 28:19. Re. 21:20. a carbuncle. Bareketh, from barak, to lighten, glitter, a very elegant gem, of a deep red colour, with a mixture of scarlet. Is. 54:11, 12.
18 emerald. Nophech, an emerald, the same with the ancient smaragdus; one of the most beautiful of all the gems, and of a bright green colour, without any mixture. ch. 39:11. Eze. 27:16. sapphire. ch. 24:10. Job 28:6, 16. Ca. 5:14. Eze. 1:26; 10:1. Re. 4:3. diamond. Je. 17:1. Eze. 28:13.
19 a ligure. ch. 39:12. an agate. Is. 54:12.
20 a beryl. Eze. 1:16; 10:9. Da. 10:6. Re. 21:20. an onyx. See on ver. 9. a jasper. Re. 4:3; 21:11, 18–20. inclosings. Heb. fillings. ver. 13.
21 twelve. ver. 9–11. according to the twelve. 1 Ki. 18:31. Lu. 22:30. Ja. 1:1. Re. 7:4–8; 21:12.
22 ver. 14.
23 ch. 25:11–15.
25 wreathen chains. ver. 14; ch. 39:15. on the shoulder pieces. ver. 7. of the ephod. ch. 39:4.
27 the curious girdle. See on ver. 8.
28 a lace. ver. 31, 37; ch. 39:30, 31. Nu. 15:38.
29 in the. See on ver. 15, 30. upon. See on ver. 12. Je. 30:21. Ro. 10:1. a. Ca. 8:6. Is. 49:15, 16.
30 the Urim and Thummim. את האורים ואת התמים, the URIM and THUMMIM, lights and perfections; rendered by the LXX. δηλωσις και αληθεια, manifestation and truth; and, by the Vulgate, doctrina et veritas, doctrine and truth. Among the various and contradictory opinions respecting the form and substance of these mysterious appendages, the most probable seems to be that of JOSEPHUS, PHILO, Bp. PATRICK, PARKHURST, and the Jewish writers generally; who state, that they were no other than the twelve precious stones of the high priest’s breastplate. In support of this statement, it is observed, 1. That in the description of the high priest’s breastplate, Exod. 39:8, et seq., the Urim and Thummim are not mentioned, but only the rows of stones; and on the contrary, in Lev. 8:8, the Urim and Thummim are expressly mentioned, but not a word is said of the four rows of stones. 2. As Moses has given such a particular description of every-thing relative to the high priest’s dress, these would certainly have been described had they been different from what wan previously mentioned. Le. 8:8. Nu. 27:21. De. 33:8. Ju. 1:1; 20:18, 23, 27, 28. 1 Sa. 23:9–12; 28:6; 30:7, 8. Ezr. 2:63. Ne. 7:65. bear the judgment. Zec. 6:13. upon his heart. 2 Co. 6:11, 12; 7:3; 12:15. Phi. 1:7, 8. He. 2:17; 4:15; 9:12, 24.
31 ver. 4, 28; ch. 39:22. Le. 8:7.
32 as it were. ch. 39:28. 2 Ch. 26:14. Ne. 4:16. Job 41:26. that it be not rent. Jno. 19:23, 24. Ep. 4:3–16.
33 And. ch. 39:24–26. hem, or, skirts, pomegranates. 1 Ki. 7:18. 2 Ki. 25:17. bells. Zec. 14:20.
34 Ps. 89:15. Ca. 2:3; 4:3, 13; 6:7, 11; 8:2. Jno. 15:4–8, 16. Col. 1:5, 6, 10.
35 goeth in. Le. 16:2. He. 9:12.
36 a plate of pure gold. The word tzitz, which we translate a plate, properly signifies a flower. It is rendered by the LXX. πεταλον, a leaf; and is called nezer, a crown, in ch. 29:6, and διαδημα, a diadem, by the author of the book of Wisdom, ch. 28:24. JOSEPHUS says that it was adorned with three rows of the flower which the Greeks call κυανος. It was two fingers broad, of a circular form, suited to the shape of the head, and so long that it reached from ear to ear, and was fastened upon a blue lace or ribband, which was tied behind the head; and as the plate reached only half round the head, the remaining part of the ribband was highly ornamented with artificial flowers. grave upon it. See on ver. 9, 11. HOLINESS. ch. 39:30. Le. 8:9; 10:3; 19:2. Ps. 93:5. Eze. 43:12. Zec. 14:20. He. 7:26; 12:14. 1 Pe. 1:15, 16; 2:9. Re. 21:27.
37 blue. See on ver. 28, 31. Nu. 15:38. the mitre it. ver. 4; ch. 29:6; 39:30, 31. Le. 8:9. Zec. 3:5.
38 bear the iniquity. ver. 43. Le. 10:17; 22:9. Nu. 18:1. Is. 53:6, 11, 12. Eze. 4:4–6. Jno. 1:29. 2 Co. 5:21. He. 9:28. 1 Pe. 2:24; 3:18. accepted. Le. 1:4; 22:27; 23:11. Is. 56:7; 60:7. Ep. 1:6. 1 Pe. 2:5.
39 embroider. See on ver. 4. the girdle. See on ver. 8. needlework. Ps. 45:14.
40 Aaron’s. ver. 4; ch. 39:27, 29, 41. Le. 8:13. Eze. 44:17, 18. bonnets. ch. 29:9. glory. See ver. 2. 1 Ti. 2:9, 10; 6:9–11. Tit. 2:7, 10. 1 Pe. 3:3, 4; 5:5.
41 anoint them. ch. 29:7; 30:23–30; 40:15. Le. 10:7. Is. 10:27; 61:1. Jno. 3:34. 2 Co. 1:21, 22. 1 Jno. 2:20, 27. and consecrate them. Heb. fill their hand. ch. 29:9, 24, 35. Le. ch. 8. Nu. 3:3. Eze. 43:26. He. 5:4; 7:28. minister. See on ver. 1, 4.
42 breeches. ch. 20:26; 39:28. Le. 6:10; 16:4. Eze. 44:18. Re. 3:18. their nakedness. Heb. flesh of their nakedness. reach. Heb. be.
43 unto the altar. ch. 20:26. bear not iniquity. Le. 5:1, 17; 20:19, 20; 22:9. Nu. 9:13; 18:22. Mat. 22:12, 13. a statute. ch. 27:21. Le. 17:7.


  CHAP. 29

  The sacrifice and ceremonies of consecrating the priests and the altar, 1–37. The continual burnt offering, 38–44. God’s promise to dwell among the children of Israel, 45, 46.

1 An. Ex. Is. 1. Thammuz. hallow them. ver. 21. ch. 20:11; 28:41. Le. 8:2, etc. Mat. 6:9. to minister. See on ch. 28:3. Take. Le. 8:2; 9:2; 6:3. 2 Ch. 13:9. without. ch. 12:5. Le. 4:3; 5:15, 16; 6:6; 22:20. Mal. 1:13, 14. He. 7:26. 1 Pe. 1:19.
2 bread. See on ch. 12:8. Le. 2:4; 6:20–22; 8:2. 1 Co. 5:7. tempered. ver. 23. Le. 2:4, 5, 15; 7:10. Nu. 6:15. wafers. Le. 7:12; 8:26. Nu. 6:15, 19.
3 in the basket. Le. 8:2, 26, 31. Nu. 6:17.
4 unto the door. ch. 26:36; 40:28. Le. 8:3–6. wash them. ch. 30:18–21; 40:12. Le. 8:6; 14:8. De. 23:11. Eze. 36:25. Jno. 13:8–10. Ep. 5:26. Tit. 3:5. He. 10:22. 1 Pe. 3:21. Re. 1:5, 6.
5 garments. ch. 28:2–8. Le. 8:7, 8. curious. The word cheshev, translated curious girdle, simply signifies a kind of diaper or embroidered work, of the same texture as the ephod itself. ch. 28:8.
6 mitre. Mitznepheth, from tzanaph, to wrap round, evidently means that covering of the head so universal in eastern countries, which we call turband, which consists of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or silk wound round its bottom. See on ch. 28:36–39. Le. 8:9.
7 ch. 28:41; 30:23–31. Le. 8:10–12; 10:7; 21:10. Nu. 35:25. Ps. 89:20; 133:2. Is. 61:1. Jno. 3:34. 1 Jno. 2:27.
8 ch. 28:40. Le. 8:13.
9 put. Heb. bind. the priest’s. ch. 28:1. Nu. 16:10, 35, 40; 18:7. He. 5:4, 5, 10; 7:11–14. consecrate. Heb. fill the hand of. ch. 28:41; 32:29, marg. Le. 8:22–28. He. 7:23–28.
10 cause. ver. 1. put. ver. 15, 19. Le. 1:4; 3:2; 8:14, 18; 16:21. Is. 53:6. 2 Co. 5:21.
11 And. Le. 1:4, 5; 8:15; 9:8, 12. door. ver. 4. Le. 1:3.
12 the blood. Le. 8:15; 9:9; 16:14, 18, 19. He. 9:13, 14, 22; 10:4. the horns. ch. 27:2; 30:2; 38:2. pour all. Le. 4:7, 18, 25, 30, 34; 5:9; 9:9.
13 all the fat. ver. 22. Le. 3:3, 4, 9, 10, 14–16; 4:8, 9, 26, 31, 35; 6:12; 7:3, 31. Ps. 22:14. Is. 1:11; 34:6; 43:24. and the caul. It seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew doctors, to be the midriff. Le. 8:16, 25; 9:10, 19. burn them. ver. 18, 25. Le. 1:9, 15; 16:25; 17:6. Nu. 18:17. 1 Sa. 2:16.
14 flesh. Le. 4:11, 12, 21; 8:17; 16:27. He. 13:11–13. it is a. ch. 30:10. Le. 4:3, 25, 29, 32; 5:6, 8; 6:25; 9:2; 16:3, 11. Nu. 7:16. 2 Ch. 29:24. Ezr. 8:35.
15 one. ver. 3, 19. Le. 8:18–21. put. ver. 10. Le. 1:4–9.
16 See on ver. 11, 12.
17 wash the. Le. 1:9, 13; 8:21; 9:14. Je. 4:14. Mat. 23:26. unto. or, upon.
18 a burnt offering. Ge. 22:2, 7, 13. Le. 9:24. 1 Sa. 7:9. 1 Ki. 3:4; 18:38. Ps. 50:8. Is. 1:11. Je. 6:20; 7:21, 22. Mar. 12:33. He. 10:6–10. sweet savour. Ge. 8:21. Le. 1:17. Ep. 5:2. Phi. 4:18.
19 other. ver. 3. Le. 8:22–29. Aaron. See on ver. 10.
20 put it upon the tip. All this doubtless was intended to signify, that the priest should dedicate all his faculties and powers to the service of God; his ear to the hearing and study of the law; his hands to diligence in the sacred ministry, and to all acts of obedience; and his feet to walking in the way of God’s precepts: for the ear is the symbol of obedience, the hand of action, and the foot of the path or conduct in life. And the sprinkling might further teach him, that he could neither hear, work, nor walk profitably, uprightly, and well pleasingly in the sight of God, without the application of the blood of the sacrifice. Le. 8:24; 14:14. Is. 50:5. Mar. 7:33. sprinkle. Le. 14:7, 16; 16:14, 15, 19. Is. 52:15. He. 9:19–23; 10:22; 12:24. 1 Pe. 1:2.
21 the anointing oil. ver. 7; ch. 30:25–31. Le. 8:30; 14:15–18, 29. Ps. 133:2. Is. 11:2–5; 61:1–3. shall be. ver. 1. Jno. 17:19. He. 9:22; 10:29.
22 Also thou. ver. 13. Le. 8:25–27. the rump. Alyah is the large tail of a species of eastern sheep. ‘This tail,’ says Dr. RUSSELL, ‘is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendix that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs about twelve or fourteen Aleppo rotoloes, (a rotoloe is five pounds,) of which the tail is usually three rotoloes or upwards; but such as are of the largest breed, and have been fattened, will sometimes weigh above thirty rotoloes, and the tails of these ten.” Le. 3:9; 7:3; 9:19. right shoulder. Le. 7:32, 33; 9:21; 10:14. Nu. 18:18.
23 ver. 2, 3.
24 put. Le. 8:27. wave them. Heb. shake to and fro. a wave. ver. 26, 27. Le. 7:30; 9:21; 10:14.
25 thou. Le. 7:29–31; 8:28. Ps. 99:6, for a sweet. See on ver. 18. offering. ver. 41. Le. 1:9, 13; 2:2, 9, 16; 3:3, 5, 9, 11, 14, 16; 7:5, 25; 10:13. 1 Sa. 2:28.
26 the breast. Le. 8:29. it shall be thy. Ps. 99:6.
27 the breast. Le. 7:31–34; 8:29; 9:21; 10:15. Nu. 6:20; 18:11, 18, 19. De. 18:3. the wave offering. The wave offering and heave offering are thus distinguished by the Jewish writers: the former, called tenoophah, from nooph, to move, toss, was waved horizontally towards the four cardinal points, to signify that He to whom it was consecrated was the Lord of the whole earth; the latter, called teroomah, from room, to be elevated, was lifted perpendicularly upward and downward, in token of its being devoted to the God of heaven. the ram of the consecration. Ail milluim, literally, ‘the ram of filling;’so called, according to some, because at the consecration of the priests, certain pieces of the sacrifice were put into their hands; (ver. 24;) on which account their consecration itself is called ‘filling their hands.’ (ch. 28:41.) Rabbi SOLOMON gives a different reason for the ram being so called, from malai, to be full, complete; because the sacrifice completed the consecration, and thereupon the priests were fully invested in their office. Accordingly, the LXX. render it by τελειωσις, consummation. See He. 7:28. ver. 22, 34. Le. 7:37; 8:28–31.
28 Aaron’s. Le. 7:32–34; 10:14, 15. De. 18:3. is an heave. ver. 27. Le. 7:14, 34. Nu. 15:19, 20; 18:24, 29; 31:29, 41. sacrifice. Le. ch. 3; 7:11, etc.
29 holy. ch. 28:3, 4. his. Nu. 20:26–28. anointed. ver. 5–7; ch. 30:30; 40:15. Le. 8:7–12. Nu. 18:8; 35:25.
30 that son. Heb. he of his sons. Nu. 20:28. He. 7:26. seven days. ver. 35; ch. 12:15. Ge. 8:10, 12. Le. 8:33–35; 9:1, 8; 12:2, 3; 13:5. Jos. 6:14, 15. Eze. 43:26. Ac. 20:6, 7.
31 the ram. See on ver. 27. seethe his flesh. Le. 8:31. 1 Sa. 2:13, 15. Eze. 46:20–24.
32 Aaron. ch. 24:9–11. Le. 10:12–14. and the bread. ver. 2, 3, 23. Mat. 12:4.
33 eat those. Le. 10:13 18. Ps. 22:26. Jno. 6:53–55. 1 Co. 11:24, 26. a stranger. Le. 22:10–13. Nu. 1:51; 3:10, 38; 16:40; 18:4, 7. they are holy. Nu. 16:5.
34 flesh. ver. 22, 26, 28. burn. ch. 12:10; 16:19. Le. 7:18, 19; 8:32; 10:16.
35 thus shalt thou do. ch. 40:12–15. Le. 8:4, etc. according. ch. 39:42, 43; 40:16. Jno. 15:14. seven days. ver. 30, 37; ch. 40:12, 13. Le. 8:33–35; 14:8–11.
36 every day. See on ver. 10–14. Eze. 43:25, 27; 48:18–20. He. 10:11. cleanse. Le. 16:16–19, 27. He. 9:22, 23. anoint it. ch. 30:26, 28, 29; 40:9–11. Le. 8:10, 11. Nu. 7:1.
37 and sanctify it. ch. 40:10. Da. 9:24. it shall be an. ch. 30:29. Mat. 23:17, 19.
38 two lambs. Nu. 28:3–8. 1 Ch. 16:40. 2 Ch. 2:4; 13:11; 31:3. Ezr. 3:3. Da. 9:21, 27; 12:11. Jno. 1:29. He. 7:27. 1 Pe. 1:19. Re. 5:9–12.
39 in the morning. 2 Ki. 16:15. 2 Ch. 13:11. Ps. 5:3; 55:16, 17. Eze. 46:13–15. Lu. 1:10. Ac. 26:7. at even. See on ver. 41.
40 a tenth. ch. 16:36. Nu. 15:4, 9; 28:5, 13. deal. Deal signifies a part, from the Anglo-Saxon dæl, a part, or portion, taken from the whole, from dælan, to divide. From Nu. 28:5, we learn, that this tenth deal was the tenth part of an ephah, which constituted an omer, about three quarts English. hin. ch. 30:24. Le. 23:13. Nu. 15:4; 28:14. Eze. 4:11; 45:24; 46:5, 7, 11, 14. a drink. Ge. 35:14. Le. 23:13. Nu. 6:15–17; 15:5, 7, 10, 24; 28:10, 14, 15, 24; 29:16. De. 32:38. Is. 57:6. Eze. 20:28; 45:17. Joel. 1:9, 13; 2:14. Phi. 2:17. Gr.
41 offer. 1 Ki. 18:29, 36. 2 Ki. 16:15. Ezr. 9:4, 5. Ps. 141:2. Eze. 46:13–15. Da. 9:21.
42 a continual. ver. 38; ch. 30:8. Nu. 28:6. Da. 8:11–13; 12:11. where. ch. 25:22; 30:6, 36. Le. 1:1. Nu. 17:4.
43 the tabernacle. or, Israel. sanctified. ch. 40:34. 1 Ki. 8:11. 2 Ch. 5:14; 7:1–3. Is. 6:1–3; 60:1. Eze. 43:5. Hag. 2:7–9. Mal. 3:1. 2 Co. 3:18; 4:6. 1 Jno. 3:2. Re. 21:22, 23.
44 sanctify also. Le. 21:15; 22:9, 16. Jno. 10:36. Re. 1:5, 6.
45 ch. 15:17; 25:8. Le. 26:12. Ps. 68:18. Zec. 2:10. Jno. 14:17, 20, 23. 2 Co. 6:16. Ep. 2:22. Re. 21:3.
46 that I am. See on ch. 20:2. Je. 31:33. them: I am. Le. 11:44; 18:30; 19:2. Eze. 20:5.


  CHAP. 30

  The altar of incense, 1–10. The ransom of souls, 11–16. The brazen laver, 17–21. The holy anointing oil, 22–33. The composition of the incense, 34–38.

1 The Samaritan inserts the first ten verses of this chapter after ver. 32 of chap. 26. an altar. ver. 7, 8, 10; ch. 37:25–28; 40:5. Le. 4:7, 18. 1 Ki. 6:20. 2 Ch. 26:16. Re. 8:3. to burn incense. Where so many sacrifices were offered, it was essentially necessary to have some pleasing perfume to counteract the disagreeable smells that must have arisen from the slaughter of so many animals, the burning of so much flesh, the sprinkling of the blood, etc. No blood was ever sprinkled on this altar, except once a year, on the grand day of expiation. It was called also the golden altar (Nu. 4:11); and the incense was as constantly burnt on it every day, as the morning and evening sacrifice of a lamb was burnt on the brazen altar.
2 the horns. See on ch. 27:2.
3 overlay it. ch. 25:11, 24. top. Heb. roof. sides. Heb. walls.
4 rings. ch. 25:12, 14, 27; 26:29; 27:4, 7. two corners. Heb. ribs.
5 ch. 25:13, 27.
6 vail. ch. 26:31–35; 40:3, 5, 26. Mat. 27:51. He. 9:3, 4. before the mercy seat that is over the testimony. The words לפני הכפרת אשר על העדת liphney haccapporeth asher âl haaiduth, ‘before the mercy-seat that is over the testimony,’ are thought to be a repetition of the preceding clause, לפני הפרכת אשר על ארן העדת liphney happarocheth asher âl aron haaiduth, ‘before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony;’ the word הפרכת, happarocheth, ‘the vail,’ being corrupted, by transposing the letters into הכפרת, haccapporeth, ‘the mercy-seat,’ and the word ארן, aron, ‘ark,’ omitted. This repetition, as Dr. KENNICOTT observes, places the altar of incense before the mercy-seat, and consequently IN the Holy of Holies! Now this could not be, as the altar of incense was attended every day, and the Holy of Holies entered only once in the year. The five words which appear to be a repetition are wanting in twenty-six of KENNICOTT’S and ROSSI’S MSS. and in the Samaritan Text. ch. 25:21, 22. Le. 16:13. 1 Ch. 28:11. He. 4:16; 9:5. I will. ver. 36; ch. 29:42, 43. Nu. 17:4.
7 sweet incense. Heb. incense of spices, ver. 34–38. dresseth. ch. 27:20, 21. 1 Sa. 2:28; 3:3. 1 Ch. 23:13. Lu. 1:9. Ac. 6:4.
8 lighteth. or, setteth up. Heb. causeth to ascend, at even. Heb. between the two evens, ch. 12:6, marg. a perpetual. Ro. 8:34. 1 Th. 5:17. He. 7:25; 9:24.
9 Le. 10:1.
10 Aaron. ch. 29:36, 37. Le. 16:18, 29, 30; 23:27. He. 1:3; 9:7, 22, 23, 25. sin offering. Le. 16:5, 6.
12 takest. ch. 38:25, 26. Nu. 1:2–5; 26:2–4. 2 Sa. 24:1. their number. Heb. them that are to be numbered. a ransom. Nu. 31:50. 2 Ch. 24:6. Job 33:24; 36:18. Ps. 49:7. Mat. 20:28. Mar. 10:45. 1 Ti. 2:6. 1 Pe. 1:18, 19. no plague. 2 Sa. 24:2–15. 1 Ch. 21:12, 14; 27:24.
13 a shekel is. Le. 27:25. Nu. 3:47. Eze. 45:12. an half shekel. ch. 38:26. Mat. 17:24. Gr.
14 from twenty. Nu. 1:3, 18, 20; 14:29; 26:2 32:11.
15 rich. Job 34:19. Pr. 22:2. Ep. 6:9. Col. 3:25. give more. Heb. multiply. give less than. Heb. diminish. an atonement. ver. 12. Le. 17:11. Nu. 31:50. 2 Sa. 21:3.
16 appoint. ch. 38:25–31. Ne. 10:32, 33. a memorial. See on ch. 12:14. Nu. 16:40. Lu. 22:19.
18 a laver. ch. 31:9; 38:8. Le. 8:11. 1 Ki. 7:23, 38. 2 Ch. 4:2, 6, 14, 15. Zec. 13:1. Tit. 3:5. Gr. 1 Jno. 1:7. put it. ch. 40:7, 30–32.
19 ch. 40:31, 32. Ps. 26:6. Is. 52:11. Jno. 13:8–10. 1 Co. 6:9–11. Tit. 3:5. He. 9:10; 10:22. Re. 1:5, 6.
20 die not. ch. 12:15. Le. 10:1–3; 16:1, 2. 1 Sa. 6:19. 1 Ch. 13:10. Ps. 89:7. Ac. 5:5, 10. He. 12:28, 29.
21 a statute. ch. 28:43.
23 thee principal. ch. 37:29. Ps. 45:8. Pr. 7:17. Ca. 1:3, 13; 4:14. Je. 6:20. Eze. 27:19, 22. pure myrrh. Myrrh is a white gum, issuing from the trunk and larger branches of a thorny tree resembling the acacia, growing in Arabia, Egypt, and Abyssinia. Its taste is extremely bitter; but its smell, though strong, is agreeable; and it entered into the composition of the most costly ointments among the ancients. The epithet deror, rendered pure, properly denotes fluid, from the Arabic darra, to flow; by which is meant the finest and most excellent kind, called stacte, which issues of itself from the bark without incision. cinnamon. Kinnamon bosem, odoriferous or spicy cinnamon, is the bark of the canella, a small tree of the size of a willow growing in the island of Ceylon. sweet calamus. Kenaih bosem, calamus aromaticus, or odoriferous cane, is a reed growing in Egypt, Syria, and India, about two feet in height, bearing from the root a knotted stalk, quite round, containing in its cavity a soft white pith. It is said to scent the air while growing; and when cut down, dried, and powdered, makes an ingredient in the richest perfumes.
24 cassia. Ps. 45:8. the shekel. Nu. 3:47. Eze. 45:12. hin. ch. 29:40. Le. 19:36. Nu. 15:5.
25 apothecary. or, perfumer. 1 Ch. 9:30. an holy. ch. 37:29. Nu. 35:25. Ps. 89:20; 133:2. He. 1:9.
26 ch. 40:9–15. Le. 8:10–12. Nu. 7:1, 10. Is. 61:1. Ac. 10:38. 2 Co. 1:21, 22. 1 Jno. 2:20, 27.
29 whatsoever. ch. 29:37. Le. 6:18. Mat. 23:17, 19.
30 anoint. ch. 29:7, etc.; 40:15. Le. 8:12, 30. Nu. 3:3. consecrate. See on ch. 28:3; 29:9, 35.
31 an holy. ch. 37:29. Le. 8:12; 21:10. Ps. 89:20.
32 man’s. Le. 21:10. Mat. 7:6. it is. ver. 25, 37, 38.
33 compoundeth. ver. 38. Lu. 12:1, 2. He. 10:26–29. a stranger. ch. 29:33. cut off. ch. 12:15, 19. Ge. 17:14. Le. 7:20, 21; 17:4, 9; 19:8; 23:29. Nu. 9:13.
34 unto thee. ver. 23; ch. 25:6; 37:29. stacte. Heb. nataph. The Jews and others suppose it to be what was afterwards called the balm of Jericho, or Gilead. onycha. The word shechaileth is generally allowed to denote onycha, (nail-fish, from its form,) as it is rendered by the LXX. and Vulgate. It is the shell of the purpura, and of the whole class of murex; and serves as the basis of the principal perfumes in India. galbanum. Chelbenah, (probably from chalay, milk or gum, and lavan, white,) is the gummy, resinous juice of an umbelliferous plant, the bubon gumniferum of LINNÆUS, growing in Syria, Persia, and Africa. It rises with a ligneous stalk from eight to ten feet, and is garnished with leaves at every joint. The top of the stali is terminated by an umbel of yellow flowers, which are succeeded by oblong channelled seeds, which have a thin membrane or wing on their border. When any part of the plant is broken, there issues out a little thin juice, of a cream colour, of a fat, tough substance, like gum ammoniac, composed of many small, shining grains, of a strong, piercing smell and a sharp, warm taste, frankincense. Le. 2:1, 15; 5:11; 24:7. 1 Ch. 9:29, 30. Ne. 13:5. Ca. 3:6. Mat. 2:11.
35 perfume. Pr. 27:9. Ca. 1:3; 3:6. Jno. 12:3 after the. ver. 25. tempered. Heb. salted. Le. 2:13.
36 the testimony. See on ch. 16:34. where I will. ver. 6; ch. 25:22; 29:42, 43. Le. 16:2.
37 ye shall. ver. 32, 33. it shall. ch. 29:37. Le. 2:3.
38 be cut off. See on ver. 33.


  CHAP. 31

  Bezaleel and Aholiab are appointed and qualified for the work of the tabernacle, 1–11. The observation of the sabbath is again commanded, 12–17. Moses receives the two tables, 18.

2 I have. ch. 33:12, 17; 35:30; 36:1. Is. 45:3, 4. Mar. 3:16–19. Jno. 3:27. Bezaleel. ch. 37:1. 1 Ch. 2:19, 20.
3 filled. ch. 35:31. 1 Ki. 3:9; 7:14. Is. 28:6, 26. 1 Co. 12:4–11. the spirit of God. Ruach Elohim, rather, ‘a spirit of God;’ which is a usual Hebraism, signifying ‘an excellent spirit;’ or, as we should now say, ‘a distinguished genius for the work he had to perform.’ No man, by course of reading or study, ever acquired a genius of any kind: we call it natural, and say it was born with the man: Moses teaches us to consider it divine. The prophet Isaiah, (ch. 28:24–29,) pointedly refers to this sort of teaching as coming from God, even in the most common and less difficult arts of life. Dark as the heathens were, yet they acknowledged that all talents and the seeds of all arts came from God.
4 ch. 25:32–35; 26:1; 28:15. 1 Ki. 7:14. 2 Ch. 2:7, 13, 14.
5 ch. 28:9–21.
6 I have given. ch. 4:14, 15; 6:26; Ezr. 5:1, 2. Ec. 4:9–12. Mat. 10:2–4. Lu. 10:1. Ac. 13:2; 15:39, 40. Aholiab. ch. 35:34; 36:1. wise hearted. ch. 28:3; 35:10, 25, 26, 35; 36:1, 8. 1 Ki. 3:12. Pr. 2:6, 7. Ja. 1:5, 16, 17. that they. ch. 37; 38; Nu. ch. 4 1 Ki. ch. 6; 7; 8. 2 Ch. ch. 3; 4. Eze. ch. 43., etc.
7 tabernacle. ch. 26; 27:9–19; 36:8–38. ark. ch. 25:10–22; 37:1–9. furniture. Heb. vessels.
8 the table. ch. 25:23–30; 37:10–16. pure candlestick. ch. 25:31–40; 37:17–24. the altar. ch. 30:1–10; 37:25–28.
9 the altar. ch. 27:1–8; 38:1–7. the laver. ch. 30:18–21; 38:8; 40:11.
10 ch. 28; 39. Le. 8:7, 8, 13. Nu. 4:5–14.
11 the anointing. ch. 30:23–33; 37:29. sweet incense. ch. 30:34–38.
13 Verily. See on ch. 20:8–11. Le. 19:3, 30; 23:3; 25:2; 26:2. a sign. ver. 17. Ne. 9:14. Eze. 20:12, 20; 44:24. that ye may. Le. 20:8; 21:8. Eze. 37:28. Jno. 17:17, 19. 1 Th. 5:23. Jude 1.
14 keep. ch. 20:8. De. 5:12–15. Ne. 9:14. Is. 56:2–6; 58:13, 14. Eze. 20:12; 44:24. every one. Is. 56:2, 6. Eze. 20:13, 16, 21, 24. doeth. ch. 35:2, 3. Nu. 15:35.
15 Six days. ver. 17; ch. 16:26; 20:9; 34:21. Le. 23:3. Eze. 46:1. Lu. 13:14. the sabbath. ch. 16:23; 20:10. Ge. 2:2. Le. 23:3, 32. Lu. 23:56. He. 4:9. Gr. holy. Heb. holiness. whosoever. Nu. 15:32–36. Je. 17:24–27.
16 a perpetual covenant. Ge. 9:13; 17:11. Je. 50:5.
17 a sign. ver. 13. Eze. 20:12, 20. six days. Ge. 1:31; 2:2, 3. He. 4:3, 4, 10. and was refreshed. God, in condescension to human weakness, applies to himself here what belongs to man; though it may refer to the delight and satisfaction with which he contemplated the completion of all his works, and pronounced them very good. Ge. 1:31. Job 38:7. Ps. 104:31. Je. 32:41.
18 gave. ch. 24:12, 18; 32:15, 16; 34:1–4, 28, 29. De. 4:13; 5:22; 9:9–11. 2 Co. 3:3. the finger. ch. 8:19; 32:16. Je. 31:33. Mat. 12:28. Lu. 11:20. 2 Co. 3:7, 8.


  CHAP. 32

  The people, in the absence of Moses, cause Aaron to make a calf, 1–6. God informs Moses, who intercedes for Israel, and prevails, 7–14. Moses comes down with the tables, 15–18. He breaks them, 19. He destroys the calf, 20, 21. Aaron’s excuse for himself, 22–24. Moses causes the idolaters to be slain, 25–29. He prays for the people, 30–35.

1 A.M. 2513. B. C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Ab. delayed. ch. 24:18. De. 9:9. Mat. 24:43. 2 Pe. 3:4. Up. Ge. 19:14; 44:4. Jos. 7:13. make. ch. 20:3–5. De. 4:15–18. Ac. 7:40; 17:29; 19:26. which shall. ch. 13:21; 33:3, 14, 15. the man. ver. 7, 11; ch. 14:11; 16:3. Ho. 12:13. Mi. 6:4. we wot. Ge. 21:26; 39:8; 44:15. Mat. 24:48. 2 Pe. 3:4.
2 ch. 12:35, 36. Ge. 24:22, 47. Ju. 8:24–27. Eze. 16:11, 12, 17. Ho. 2:8.
3 Ju. 17:3, 4. Is. 40:19, 20; 46:6. Je. 10:9.
4 fashioned. ch. 20:23. De. 9:16. Ps. 106:19–21. Is. 44:9, 10; 46:6. Ac. 7:41; 17:29. a graving. ch. 28:9, 11. calf. 1 Ki. 12:28, 32. 2 Ki. 10:29. 2 Ch. 11:15; 13:8. Ho. 8:4, 5; 10:5; 13:2. These. ver. 8. Ju. 17:3, 4. Ne. 9:18. Is. 40:18, 19. Ro. 1:21–23. which brought. ver. 1, 8; ch. 20:2.
5 Aaron. 1 Sa. 14:35. 2 Ki. 16:11. Ho. 8:11, 14. made proclamation. Le. 23:2, 4, 21, 37. 1 Ki. 21:9. 2 Ki. 10:20. 2 Ch. 30:5. a feast. ver. 4; ch. 10:9; 12:14. 1 Ki. 12:32, 33. 1 Co. 5:8.
6 offered. ch. 24:4, 5. sat down. No doubt at this feast they sacrificed after the manner of the Egyptians. Nu. 25:2. Ju. 16:23–25. Am. 2:8; 8:10. Ac. 7:41, 42. 1 Co. 10:7. Re. 11:10.
7 Go. ch. 19:24; 33:1. De. 9:12. Da. 9:24. thy people. ver. 1, 11. corrupted. Ge. 6:11, 12. De. 4:16; 32:5. Ju. 2:19. Ho. 9:9.
8 have turned. De. 9:16. Ju. 2:17. which I. ch. 20:3, 4, 23. These be. ver. 4. 1 Ki. 12:28.
9 I have seen. De. 9:13. Je. 13:27. Ho. 6:10. a stiff-necked. ch. 33:3, 5; 34:9. De. 9:6, 13; 10:16; 31:27. 2 Ch. 30:8. Ne. 9:17. Ps. 78:8. Pr. 29:1. Is. 48:4. Zec. 7:11, 12. Ac. 7:51.
10 let me alone. Ge. 18:32, 33; 32:26–28. Nu. 14:19, 20; 16:22, 45–48. De. 9:14, 19. Je. 14:11; 15:1. Ja. 5:16. my wrath. ver. 11, 19; ch. 22:24. and I will. Nu. 14:12. De. 9:14. 19.
11 besought. De. 9:18–20, 26–29. Ps. 106:23. the Lord his God. Heb. the face of the Lord. why doth. Nu. 11:11; 16:22. De. 9:18–20. Ps. 74:1, 2. Is. 63:17. Je. 12:1, 2. which thou. ver. 7.
12 should. Nu. 14:13–16. De. 9:28; 32:26, 27. Jos. 7:9. Ps. 74:18; 79:9, 10. Eze. 20:9, 14, 22. Turn from. De. 13:17. Jos. 7:26. Ezr. 10:14. Ps. 78:38; 85:3. repent. ver. 14. Ge. 6:6. De. 32:36. Ps. 90:13; 106:45. Am. 7:3, 6. Jon. 3:9. Zec. 8:14.
13 Remember. Le. 26:42. De. 7:8; 9:27. Lu. 1:54, 55. to whom. Ge. 22:16; 26:3, 4. He. 6:13. I will multiply. Ge. 12:2, 7; 13:15, 16; 15:5, 7, 18; 26:4; 28:13, 14; 35:11, 12; 48:16.
14 De. 32:26. 2 Sa. 24:16. 1 Ch. 21:15. Ps. 106:45. Je. 18:8; 26:13, 19. Joel 2:13. Jon. 3:10; 4:2.
15 turned. ch. 24:18. De. 9:15. the testimony. ch. 16:34; 40:20. De. 5:22. Ps. 19:7. written. Re. 5:1.
16 ch. 31:18; 34:1, 4. De. 9:9–11, 15; 10:1. 2 Co. 3:3, 7. He. 8:10.
17 Joshua had waited patiently during all the forty days, in the place where Moses had left him—below the summit of the mount, at a distance from the people, and out of the way of temptation. Joshua. ch. 17:9; 24:13. they shouted. ver. 18. Ezr. 3:11–13. Ps. 47:1. There is a noise. Jos. 6:5, 10, 16, 20. Ju. 15:14. 1 Sa. 4:5, 6; 17:20, 52 Job 39:25. Je. 51:14. Am. 1:14; 2:2.
18 being overcome. Heb. weakness. but the. ch. 15:1, etc. Da. 5:4, 23.
19 he saw. ver. 4–6. De. 9:16, 17. the dancing. ch. 15:20. 2 Sa. 6:14. La. 5:15. anger. ver. 11. Nu. 12:3. Mat. 5:22. Mar. 3:5; 10:14. Ep. 4:26. brake them. De. 9:17; 27:26. Je. 31:32. Zec. 11:10, 11, 14.
20 took the calf. How truly contemptible must the object of their idolatry appear, when they were obliged to drink their god, reduced to powder, and strewed on the water! Some have asked, how gold, the most ductile and ponderous of all metals, could have been stamped into dust, and strewed on the water. In De. 9:21, this is fully explained. I took, says Moses, your sin, the calf which ye had made, and burnt it with fire; that is, melted it down, probably into ingots or gross plates, and stamped it, beat it into thin laminæ, something like our gold leaf, and ground it very small, even until it was as small as dust, which might be very easily done by the action of the hands, when beat into thin plates or leaves, as the original words ekkoth, and dak, imply. De. 7:5, 25; 9:21. 2 Ki. 23:6, 15. made the. Pr. 1:31; 14:14.
21 Ge. 20:9; 26:10. De. 13:6–8. 1 Sa. 26:19. Jos. 7:19–26. 1 Ki. 14:16; 21:22. 2 Ki. 21:9–11.
22 knowest. ch. 14:11; 15:24; 16:2–4, 20, 28; 17:2–4. De. 9:7, 24. that they are. De. 31:27. 1 Sa. 15:24. Ps. 36:4. Pr. 4:16.
23 See on ver. 1–4, 8.
24 So they. ver. 4. Ge. 3:12, 13. Lu. 10:29. Ro. 3:10.
25 naked. The term naked may mean either that they were unarmed and defenceless, or ashamed from the consciousness of guilt. ch. 33:4–6. Ge. 3:10. Is. 47:3. Ho. 2:3. Mi. 1:11. Re. 3:17, 18; 16:15. Aaron. De. 9:20. 2 Ch. 28:19. shame. Eze. 16:63. Da. 12:2. Ro. 6:21. their enemies. Heb. those that rose up against them.
26 Who is on. Jos. 5:13. 2 Sa. 20:11. 2 Ki. 9:32. Mat. 12:30.
27 slay every man. ver. 26, 29. Nu. 25:5, 7–12. De. 33:8, 9. Lu. 14:26. 2 Co. 5:16.
28 children. De. 33:9. Mal. 2:4–6. there fell. Nu. 16:32–35, 41. 1 Co. 10:8. He. 2:2, 3.
29 or. another reading of this verse is: And Moses said, Consecrate yourselves to-day to the Lord; because every man hath been against his son and against his brother, etc. Moses. Nu. 25:11–13. De. 13, 6–11; 33:9, 10. 1 Sa. 15:18–22. Pr. 21:3. Joel 2:12–14. Zec. 13:3. Mat. 10:37. Consecrate. Heb fill your hands.
30 Ye have. ver. 31. 1 Sa. 2:17; 12:20, 23. 2 Sa. 12:9. 2 Ki. 17:21. Lu. 7:47; 15:18. peradventure. 2 Sa. 16:12. Am. 5:15. Jon. 3:9. 2 Ti. 2:25. an atonement. ver. 32. Nu. 16:47; 25:13. Job 42:7, 8. Ro. 9:3. Ga. 3:13. Ja. 5:16.
31 returned. ch. 34:28. De. 9:18, 19. sinned. ver. 30. Ezr. 9:6, 7, 15. Ne. 9:33. Da. 9:5, 8, 11. made. ch. 20:4, 23.
32 if thou. Nu. 14:19. Da. 9:18, 19. Am. 7:2. Lu. 23:34. blot me. Allusion may be made to the registry of births, in which those born of a particular tribe were entered in the list of their respective families under that tribe. This was the book of life; and when any died, his name might be considered as blotted out of this list. But as Moses addressed the LORD, he undoubtedly referred, by faith, to the book of God’s remembrance. ver. 10. De. 9:14; 25:19; 29:20. Ps. 56:8; 69:28; 139:16. Eze. 13:9. Da. 12:1. Ro. 9:3. Phi. 4:3. Re. 3:5; 17:8; 21:27; 22:19.
33 sinned. Le. 23:30. Ps. 69:28. Eze. 18:4. my book. Ps. 109:13, 14. Phi. 4:3. Re. 13:8; 20:12.
34 mine Angel. ch. 23:20; 33:2, 14, 15. Nu. 20:16. Is. 63:9. the day. ch. 20:5. Nu. 14:27–30. De. 32:35. Je. 5:9, 29. Am. 3:14. Mat. 23:35. Ro. 2:4–6.
35 ver. 25. 2 Sa. 12:9, 10. Mat. 27:3–7. Ac. 1:18; 7:41.


  CHAP. 33

  The Lord refuses to go as he had promised with the people, 1–3. The people mourn thereat, 4–6. The tabernacle is removed out of the camp, 7, 8. The Lord talks familiarly with Moses, 9–11. Moses prevails with God, and desires to see his glory, 12–23.

1 Depart. ch. 32:34. thou hast. ch. 17:3; 32:1, 7. the land. ch. 32:13. Ge. 22:16–18; 26:3; 28:13–15. Unto. Ge. 12:7; 13:14–17; 15:18.
2 an angel. ch. 23:20; 32:34; 34:11. the Canaanite. See on ch. 3:8, 17. De. 7:22. Jos. 24:11.
3 a land. ch. 3:8; 13:5. Le. 20:24. Nu. 13:27; 14:8; 16:13. Jos. 5:6. Je. 11:5. for I. ver. 15–17; ch. 32:10, 14. Nu. 14:12. De. 32:26, 27. 1 Sa. 2:30. Je. 18:7–10. Eze. 3:18, 19; 33:13–16. Jon. 3:4, 10. stiff-necked. ch. 32:9; 34:9. De. 9:6–13. Ps. 78:8. Ac. 7:51. lest I. ch. 23:21; 32:10. Nu. 16:21, 45. Am. 3:13, 14.
4 they mourned. Nu. 14:1, 39. Ho. 7:14. Zec. 7:3, 5. and no. Le. 10:6. 2 Sa. 19:24. 1 Ki. 21:27. 2 Ki. 19:1. Ezr. 9:3. Es. 4:1–4. Job 1:20; 2:12. Is. 32:11. Eze. 24:17, 23; 26:16. Jon. 3:6.
5 Ye are. ver. 3. Nu. 16:45, 46. in a moment. Nu. 16:21, 45. Job 34:20. Ps. 73:19. La. 4:6. put off. Is. 22:12. I may. Ge. 18:21; 22:12. De. 8:2. Ps. 139:23.
6 ver. 4; ch. 32:3. Je. 2:19.
7 the tabernacle. Eth haohel, the TENT, not eth hammishcan, the TABERNACLE, for this was not erected; but probably the tent of Moses, which was before in the midst of the camp, and to which the people came for judgment; and where, no doubt, God frequently met his servant. The situation, as well as the superior elegance, of a chief’s tent, was one mode by which he was honoured. afar off. Ps. 10:1; 35:22. Pr. 15:29. Is. 59:2. Ho. 9:12. the Tabernacle of. See on ch. 29:42, 43. sought. De. 4:29. 2 Sa. 21:1. Ps. 27:8. Is. 55:6, 7. Mat. 7:7, 8. went out. He. 13:11–13.
8 and stood. Nu. 16:27.
9 cloudy. ch. 13:21, 22. Ps. 99:7. talked. ver. 11; ch. 25:22; 31:18; 34:3, 9. Ge. 17:22; 18:33. Nu. 11:17. Eze. 3:22.
10 worshipped. ch. 4:31. 1 Ki. 8:14, 22. Lu. 18:13.
11 spake. ver. 9. Ge. 32:30. Nu. 12:8. De. 5:4; 34:10. his friend. 2 Ch. 20:7. Job 16:21. Is. 42:8. Jno. 3:29; 11:11; 15:14, 15. Ja. 2:23. his servant. ch. 17:9; 24:13; 32:17.
12 See. ver. 1; ch. 32:34. I know. ver. 17. Ge. 18:19. Ps. 1:6. Is. 43:1. Je. 1:5. Jno. 10:14, 15. 2 Ti. 2:19.
13 if. ver. 17; ch. 34:9. shew. Ps. 25:4; 27:11; 86:11; 119:33. Ca. 1:7, 8. Is. 30:21. that I. ver. 18. Jno. 17:3. Ep. 1:17. Col. 1:10. 2 Pe. 3:18. consider. ch. 32:7. De. 9:26, 29. Is. 63:17, 19. Joel 2:17. Ro. 11:28.
14 My presence. ch. 13:21. Jos. 1:5. Is. 63:9. Mat. 28:20. rest. De. 3:20. Jos. 21:44; 22:4; 23:1. Ps. 95:11. Je. 6:16. Mat. 11:28. He. 4:8, 9.
15 ver. 3; ch. 34:9. Ps. 4:6.
16 in that. Nu. 14:14. Mat. 1:23. separated. ch. 8:22; 19:5, 6; 34:10. Nu. 23:9. De. 4:7, 34. 2 Sa. 7:23. 1 Ki. 8:53. Ps. 147:20. 2 Co. 6:17.
17 I will do. Ge. 18:32; 19:21. Is. 65:24. Jno. 16:23. Ja. 5:16. 1 Jno. 5:14, 15. thou hast. ver. 12. Ge. 6:8; 19:19, 21.
18 ver. 20. Ps. 4:6. Jno. 1:18. 2 Co. 3:18; 4:6. 1 Ti. 6:16. Tit. 2:13. Re. 21:23.
19 all my goodness. Ne. 9:25. Ps. 25:13, marg.; 65:4. Je. 31:12, 14. Zec. 9:17. Ro. 2:4. Ep. 1:6–8. proclaim. ch. 3:13–15; 34:5–7. Is. 7:14; 9:6; 12:4. I will be. Ro. 9:15–18, 23.
20 Thou canst not. This is well explained by Rabbi JEHUDAH, in Sepher Cosri, (P. iv. § 3.) ‘Of that divine glory mentioned in the Scripture, there is one degree which the eyes of the prophets were able to explore; another which all the Israelites saw, as the cloud and consuming fire; the third is so bright, and so dazzling, that no mortal is able to comprehend it; but should any one venture to look on it, his whole frame would be dissolved.’ In such inconceivable splendour is the DIVINE MAJESTY revealed to the inhabitants of the celestial world, where he is said to ‘dwell in the light which no man can approach unto.’ (1 Ti. 6:16.) By the ‘face of God,’ therefore, we are to understand that light inaccessible before which angels may stand, but which would be so insufferable to mortal eyes, that no man could see it and live. ch. 24:10. Ge. 32:30. De. 5:24. Ju. 6:22; 13:22. Is. 6:5. Jno. 1:18. 1 Ti. 6:16. He. 1:13. Re. 1:16, 17.
22 in a clift. Ps. 18:2. Ca. 2:3. Is. 2:21; 32:2. 1 Co. 10:4. 2 Co. 5:19. cover thee. De. 33:12. Ps. 91:1, 4. The rock on which Moses stood, and in the clift of which he was sheltered, was doubtless an emblem of Christ; in whose person, character, and salvation alone, sinners may by faith see the glory of God, and live; for there it appears in softened splendour; as the sun, when his brightness is diminished by a mist, is beheld more distinctly by the human eye.—SCOTT.
23 thou shalt. ver. 20. Job 11:7; 26:14. Jno. 1:18. 1 Co. 13:12. 1 Ti. 6:16.


  CHAP. 34

  The tables are renewed, 1–4. The name of the LORD proclaimed, 5–7. Moses intreats God to go with them, 8, 9. God makes a covenant with them, repeating certain duties of the first table, 10–27. Moses, after forty days in the mount, comes down with the tables, 28. His face shines, and he covers it with a vail, 29–35.

1 Hew. See on ch. 31:18; 32:16, 19. De. 10:1. I will. ver. 28. De. 10:1–4. the words. Ps. 119:89. which. ch. 32:19. De. 9:15–17.
2 in the top. ch. 19:20, 24; 24:12. De. 9:25.
3 ch. 19:12, 13, 21. Le. 16:17. 1 Ti. 2:5. He. 12:20.
5 descended. ch. 19:18; 33:9. Nu. 11:17, 25. 1 Ki. 8:10–12. Lu. 9:34, 35. the name. ch. 33:19. Nu. 14:17. De. 32:3. Ps. 102:21. Pr. 18:10. Is. 1:10.
6 passed. ch. 33:20–23. 1 Ki. 19:11. proclaimed. Nu. 14:17–19. Is. 12:4. The Lord. ch. 3:13–16. merciful. De. 5:10. 2 Ch. 30:9. Ne. 9:17. Ps. 86:5, 15; 103:8–13; 111:4; 112:4; 116:5; 145:8. Joel 2:13. Jon. 4:2. Ro. 2:4. abundant. Ps. 31:19. Mi. 7:18. Ro. 2:4; 5:20, 21. Ep. 1:7, 8. truth. Ps. 57:10; 91:4; 108:4; 111:8; 138:2; 146:6. La. 3:23. Mi. 7:20. Jno. 1:17.
7 Keeping. ch. 20:6. De. 5:10. Ne. 1:5; 9:32. Ps. 86:15. Je. 32:18. Da. 9:4. forgiving. Ps. 103:3; 130:4. Da. 9:9. Mi. 7:18. Mat. 6:14, 15; 12:31; 18:32–35. Lu. 7:42, 48. Ac. 5:31; 13:38. Ro. 4:7, 8. Ep. 1:7; 4:32. 1 Jno. 1:9. that will by no means clear the guilty. The Hebrew nakkeh lo yenakkeh, has been rendered ‘Acquitting him who is not innocent.’ Nothing can more strongly express the goodness of God to frail mortals than his declaration, ‘which has been misunderstood nd misinterpreted by all our translators,’ ch. 23:7, 21. Nu. 14:18–23. De. 32:35. Jos. 24:19. Job 10:14. Ps. 9:16, 17; 11:5, 6; 58:10, 11; 136:10, 15. Is. 45:21. Mi. 6:11. Na. 1:2, 3, 6. Ro. 2:4–9; 3:19–26; 9:22, 23. He. 12:29. Re. 20:15; 21:8. visiting. See on ch. 20:5, 6.
8 ch. 4:31. Ge. 17:3. 2 Ch. 20:18.
9 If now. ch. 33:13, 17. let my Lord. See on ch. 33:14–16. Mat. 28:20. stiff-necked. See on ch. 32:9; 33:3–5. Is. 48:4. pardon. Nu. 14:19. Ps. 25:11. take us. ch. 19:5. De. 32:9. Ps. 28:9; 33:12; 78:62; 94:14; 135:4. Je. 10:16. Zec. 2:12.
10 I make. ch. 24:7, 8. De. 4:13; 5:2, 3; 29:2–14. I will do marvels. De. 4:32–37; 32:30 Jos. 6:20; 10:12, 13. 2 Sa. 7:23. Ps. 77:14; 78:12; 147:20. a terrible. De. 10:21. Ps. 65:5; 66:3, 5; 68:35; 76:12; 106:22; 145:6. Is. 64:3. Je. 32:21.
11 Observe. De. 4:1, 2, 40; 5:32; 6:3, 25; 12:28, 32; 28:1. Mat. 28:20. Jno. 14:21. I drive. See on ch. 3:8, 17; 33:2. Ge. 15:18–21. De. 7:1, 19; 9:4, 5.
12 Take heed. ch. 23:32, 33. De. 7:2. Ju. 2:2. lest. De. 7:16. Jos. 23:12, 13. Ju. 2:3; 8:27. Ps. 106:36.
13 ye shall, ch. 23:24. De. 7:5, 25, 26; 12:2, 3. Ju. 2:2; 6:25. 2 Ki. 18:4; 23:14. 2 Ch. 31:1; 34:3, 4. images. Heb. statutes.
14 worship. ch. 20:3–5. De. 5:7. Mat. 4:10. whose. ver. 5–7; ch. 33:19. Is. 9:6; 57:15. jealous God. ch. 20:5. De. 5:24; 6:15; 29:20; 32:16, 21. Jos. 24:19. Na. 1:2. 1 Co. 10:22.
15 make. ver. 10, 12; ch. 23:32. De. 7:2. whoring. Le. 17:7; 20:5, 6. Nu. 15:39. De. 31:16. Ju. 2:17. Ps. 73:27. Je. 3:9. Ezr. 6:9. Ho. 4:12; 9:1. Re. 17:1–5. call thee. Nu. 25:2. 1 Co. 10:27. eat. Ps. 106:28. 1 Co. 8:4, 7, 10; 10:20, 21. Re. 2:20.
16 Nu. 25:1, 2. De. 7:3, 4. 1 Ki. 11:2–4. Ezr. 9:2. Ne. 13:23, 25. 2 Co. 6:14–17.
17 ch. 32:8. Le. 19:4. Is. 46:6, 7. Je. 10:14. Ac. 17:29; 19:26.
18 ch. 12:15–20; 13:4, 6, 7; 23:15. Le. 23:6. De. 16:1–4. Mar. 14:1. Lu. 22:1. Ac. 12:3.
19 openeth. ch. 13:2, 12; 22:29. Nu. 18:15–17. Eze. 44:30. Lu. 2:23.
20 firstling. ch. 13:10. Nu. 18:15. lamb. or, kid. All the. ch. 13:15. Nu. 3:45–51. none. ch. 23:15. De. 16:16. 1 Sa. 9:7, 8. 2 Sa. 24:24.
21 Six. ch. 20:9–11; 23:12; 35:2. De. 5:12–15. Lu. 13:14; 23:56. earing. Ge. 45:6. De. 21:4. 1 Sa. 8:12. Is. 30:24.
22 feast of weeks, ch. 23:16. Nu. 28:16–31; 29:12–39. De. 16:10–15. Jno. 7:2. Ac. 2:1. year’s end. Heb. revolution of the year.
23 Thrice. ch. 23:14, 17. De. 16:16. Ps. 84:7. the God. Ge. 32:28; 33:20.
24 I will. ver. 11; ch. 23:27–30; 33:2. Le. 18:24. De. 7:1. Ps. 78:55; 80:8. enlarge. ch. 23:31. De. 12:20; 19:8. 1 Ch. 4:10. desire. Ge. 35:5. 2 Ch. 17:10. Job 1:10. Pr. 16:7. Ac. 18:10.
25 leaven. ch. 12:20; 23:18; De. 16:3. 1 Co. 5:7, 8. be left. ch. 12:10; 23:18; 29:34. Le. 7:15. Nu. 9:12.
26 first. ch. 23:19. De. 26:2, 10. Pr. 3:9, 10. Mat. 6:33. 1 Co. 15:20. Ja. 1:18. seethe. ch. 23:19. De. 14:21.
27 Write. ch. 17:14; 24:4, 7. De. 31:9. I have. See on ver. 10. De. 4:13; 31:9.
28 forty days. See on ch. 24:18. De. 9:9, 18, 25. he wrote. ver. 1; ch. 31:18; 32:16. De. 4:13; 10:2–4. 2 Co. 3:7. commandments. Heb. words.
29 A.M. 2513. B.C. 1491. An. Ex. Is. 1. Elul. two tables. See on ch. 32:15. wist. ch. 16:15. Jos. 2:4; 8:14. Ju. 16:20. Mar. 9:6; 14:40. Lu. 2:49. Jno. 5:13. Ac. 12:9; 23:5. the skin. Mat. 17:2. Lu. 9:29. Ac. 6:15. 2 Co. 3:7–9, 13. Re. 1:16; 10:1. face shone. As the original word karan, signifies to shine out, or dart forth, as horns on the head of an animal, or rays of light reflected from a polished, surface, we may suppose that the heavenly glory which filled the soul of this holy man, darted out from his face in coruscations, in the manner in which light is generally represented. The Vulgate renders it, et ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies sua, ‘and he did not know that his face was horned;’ which version, misunderstood, has induced painters to represent Moses with two very large horns, one proceeding from each temple!
30 afraid. Nu. 12:8. Mar. 9:3, 15. Lu. 5:8.
31 called. ch. 3:15; 24:1–3. and Moses talked. Ge. 45:3, 15.
32 he gave. ch. 21:1. Nu. 15:40. 1 Ki. 22:14. Mat. 28:20. 1 Co. 11:23; 15:3.
33 a vail. Ro. 10:4. 2 Co. 3:13–18; 4:4–6.
34 he took. 2 Co. 3:16. He. 4:16; 10:19–22.
35 ver. 29, 30. Ec. 8:1. Da. 12:3. Mat. 5:16; 13:43. Jno. 5:35. Phi. 2:15.


  CHAP. 35

  The sabbath, 1–3. The free gifts for the tabernacle, 4–19. The readiness of the people to offer, 20–29. Bezaleel and Aholiab are called to the work, 30–35.

1 These. ch. 25; 31:1–11; 34:32. do them. Mat. 7:21–27. Ro. 2:13. Ja. 1:22.
2 Six days. ch. 20:9, 10; 23:12; 31:13–16; 34:21. Le. 23:3. De. 5:12–15. Lu. 13:14. an holy day. Heb. holiness. whosoever. Nu. 15:32–36. De. 5:12–14. Lu. 13:14, 15. Jno. 5:16. He. 2:2, 3; 10:28, 29.
3 ch. 12:16; 16:23. Nu. 15:32, etc. Is. 58:13.
4 This is. ch. 25:1, 2.
5 whosoever. See on ch. 25:2–7. Ju. 5:9. Ps. 110:3. Mar. 12:41–44. 2 Co. 8:11, 12; 9:7.
6 blue. See on ch. 26:1, 31, 36; 28:5, 6, 15, 33. goats’ hair. See on ch. 26:7–14.
8 And oil. See on ch. 27:20. spices. ch. 25; 30:23, 28.
9 ch. 25:5; 28:9, 17–21; 39:6–14.
10 ch. 31:1–6; 36:1–4.
11 tabernacle. See on ch. 26:1, 2, etc.; 31:7–9; 36:8–34. taches. Keraism, from karas, to bend, so called from their curved form; hooks, clasps, or any thing used for the purpose of fastening: the word taches is formed by aphæresis from the French attacher, to fasten. They were equivalent, perhaps, to our hooks-and-eyes.
12 ark. See on ch. 25:10–22; 37:1–9. the vail. See on ch. 26:7, 31–33; 36:35, 36.
13 ch. 25:23–30; 37:10–16. Le. 24:5, 6.
14 candlestick. Menorah, rather, a chandelier, which was of pure gold, and is described as having one shaft, with six branches proceeding from it, adorned at equal distances with six flowers, like lilies, with as many bowls and knops placed alternately. See on ch. 25:31–39; 37:17–24. Ps. 148:3. Mat. 5:14, 15.
15 the incense, ch. 30:1–10, 22–38; 37:25–28. Ps. 141:2. the hanging. ch. 26:36, 37; 36:37, 38.
16 The altar. ch. 27:1–8; 38:1–7. the laver. ch. 30:18–21; 38:8.
17 The hangings. See on ch. 27:9–19; 38:9–20. 2 Sa. 7:2.
18 The pins. These, as Dr. WALL observes, were not particularly mentioned. JOSEPHUS says, that to every board of the tabernacle, and to every pillar of the hangings of the court, there were ropes or cords, fastened at the top of the board or pillar, and that the other end of the rope was fastened to a πασσαλος, a nail, or pin, which, at a good distance off, was driven into the ground up to the head, a cubit deep. This was to keep the tabernacle from being blown down by the wind. Dr. SHAW, describing the tents of the Bedouins, says, ‘These tents are kept firm and steady by bracing or stretching down their eaves with cords tied to wooden hooked pins, well pointed, which they drive into the ground with a mallet; one of these pins answering to the nail, as the mallet does to the hammer, which Jael used in fastening to the ground the temples of Sisera.’ (Ju. 4:21.) Ex. 27:19.
19 The cloths. See on ch. 31:10; 39:1, 41. Nu. 4:5–15. the holy. See on ch. 28; 39:1–31.
21 ver. 5, 22, 26, 29; ch. 25:2; 36:2. Ju. 5:3, 9, 12. 2 Sa. 7:27. 1 Ch. 28:2, 9; 29:3, 5, 6, 9, 14, 17, 18. Ezr. 1:5, 6; 7:27. Ps. 110:3. Je. 30:21. Pr. 4:23. Mat. 12:34. 2 Co. 8:12; 9:7.
22 bracelets. Chach, either a hook or clasp, to join garments together; fibula, as MONTANUS renders; or bracelets, which are hooked or clasped together; so Vulgate, armillas. ch. 32:3. Nu. 31:50. Is. 3:19. Eze. 16:11. tablets. Kumoz, as BOCHART thinks, a kind of girdle, swathe, or zone. every man. 1 Ch. 29:6, 7. 2 Ch. 24:9–14. Ezr. 2:68, 69. Ne. 7:70–72. Is. 60:9, 13. Mat. 2:11. Mar. 12:41–44.
23 See on ver. 6–10; ch. 25:2–7. 1 Ch. 29:8.
24 whom. 2 Co. 8:12.
25 ch. 28:3; 31:6; 36:1. 2 Ki. 23:7. Pr. 14:1; 31:19–24. Lu. 8:2, 3. Ac. 9:39. Ro. 16:1–4, 6, 12. Ga. 3:28. Phi. 4:3.
26 ver. 21, 29; ch. 36:8.
27 ver. 9. 1 Ch. 29:6. Ezr. 2:68.
28 ver. 8; ch. 30:23–38.
29 whose heart. ver. 21, 22. 1 Ch. 29:3, 6, 9, 10, 14, 17. Ju. 5:2, 9. 1 Co. 9:17. 2 Co. 9:7. the Lord. ver. 4. De. 4:2; 11:32; 12:32. Is. 8:20. Mat. 28:20. 1 Co. 3:5. Ga. 6:16. 2 Pe. 1:19. 2 Ti. 3:15–17.
30 See. ch. 31:2–6. 1 Ki. 7:13, 14. Is. 28:26. 1 Co. 3:10; 12:4, 11. Ja. 1:17.
31 And he. Is. 11:2–5; 28:26; 61:1–3. 1 Co. 12:4–10. Col. 2:3. Ja. 1:17. wisdom. Chochmah, (from chacham, to be wise, skilful, prudent,) wisdom, denoting the compass of mind and strength of capacity necessary to form a wise man: hence our word wisdom is the power of judging what is wise, or best to be done; from the Saxon wisedom, the doom or judgment of the well taught, wise, or prudent man, from wisan, to teach, advise, and deman, to judge. understanding. Tevoonah, (from boon, to separate, distinguish, discern,) understanding, discernment, capacity to comprehend the different parts of a work, how to connect, arrange, etc., in order to make a complete whole. knowledge. Daâth, (from yadâ to know, be acquainted with,) knowledge, or a particular acquaintance with a person or thing, practical, experimental knowledge.
34 he hath. Ezr. 7:10, 27. Ne. 2:12. Ja. 1:16, 17. Aholiab. ch. 31:6. 2 Ch. 2:14. Is. 28:24–29. 1 Co. 1:5–7; 12:7.
35 he filled, ver. 31; ch. 31:3, 6. 1 Ki. 3:12; 7:14. 2 Ch. 2:14. Is. 28:26. the cunning, ch. 26:1. Ac. 19:6, 8. 1 Co. 1:5, 7; 12:4, 8, 12. Ga. 3:2, 5. 1 Ti. 3, 15; 4:16. 2 Ti. 2:15. of the weaver. Job 7:6. Is. 38:12.


  CHAP. 36

  The offerings are delivered to the workmen, 1–3. The liberality of the people is restrained, 4–7. The curtains with cherubims, 8–13. The curtains of goats’ hair, 14–18. The covering of skins, 19. The boards with their sockets, 20–30. The bars, 31–34. The vail, 35, 36. The hanging for the door, 37, 38.

1 An. Ex. Is. 1. Tisri to Adar. Bezaleel. See on ch. 31:1–6; 35:30–35. wise-hearted man. ch. 28:3; 31:6. for the service, ver. 3, 4; ch. 25:8. Nu. 7:9. He. 8:2. according. ch. 23:21, 22; 39:1–43; ch. 40. Ps. 119:6. Mat. 28:20. Lu. 1:6.
2 in whose. ch. 28:3; 31:6; 35:10, 21–35. Ac. 6:3, 4; 14:23. Col. 4:17. He. 5:4. one whose. ch. 35:2, 21, 25, 26. 1 Ch. 29:5.
3 the offering. ch. 35:5–21, 27, 29. every morning. Ps. 5:3; 101:8. Pr. 8:15. Is. 50:4. Je. 21:12.
4 2 Ch. 24:13. Mat. 24:45. Lu. 12:42. 1 Co. 3:10.
5 ch. 32:3. 2 Ch. 24:14; 31:6–10. 2 Co. 8:2, 3. Phi. 2:21; 4:17, 18.
6 When God puts grace into the heart, the hands will be diligently employed in every good work.
7 and too much. 2 Ch. 31:10.
8 wise. ch. 31:6; 35:10. made. See on ch. 26:1–37. 1 Ch. 15:1. cherubims. Keroovim, CHERUBIM, not cherubims. What these were we cannot determine. Some, observing that the verb kerav in Syriac, sometimes means to resemble, make like, conceive the noun keroov signifies no more than an image, figure, or representation of any thing. JOSEPHUS says they were flying animals, like none of those which are seen by man, but such as Moses saw about the throne of God. In another place he says, ‘As for the cherubim, nobody can tell or conceive what they were like.’ These symbolical figures, according to the description of them by Ezekiel, (ch. 1:10; 10:14,) were creatures with four heads and one body; and the animals of which these forms consisted were the noblest of their kind; the lion among the wild beasts; the bull among tho tame ones; the eagle among the birds, and man at the head of all. Hence some have conceived them to be somewhat of the shape of flying oxen; and it is alleged in favour of this opinion, that the far more common meaning of the verb kerav, in Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic, being to plough, the natural meaning of keroov, is a creature used in ploughing. This seems to have been the ancient opinion which tradition had handed down, concerning the shape of the cherubim with the flaming sword, that guarded the tree of life. (Ge. 3:24.) See on ch. 25:18, 22. 1 Ki. 6:23. 2 Ch. 3:10. Eze. 1:5, etc.; 10:1–19.
10 ch. 26:3. Ps. 122:3; 133:1. Zep. 3:9. Ac. 2:1. 1 Co. 1:10; 12:20, 27. Ep. 1:23; 2:21, 22; 4:2–6. Phi. 2:2; 3:15.
11 ch. 26:4.
12 ch. 26:5, 10.
13 so it became. 1 Co. 12:20. Ep. 2:20–22. 1 Pe. 2:4, 5.
14 See on ch. 26:7–13.
19 covering. See on ch. 26:14. rams’ skins dyed red. This was the third covering of the tabernacle. The first and lowermost was made of fine linen, richly embroidered with figures of cherubim, in shades of blue, purple, and scarlet (ver. 8–13). It is reasonable to suppose, that the right side of this curtain was undermost, and so it formed a beautiful ceiling in the inside of the tabernacle. The second covering, which lay over the embroidered one, was made of a sort of mohair, (ver. 14–17,) and the fourth, or uppermost one, which was to keep the others from the weather, was made of tachash, or badgers’ skins.
20 boards. See on ch. 26:15–25; 40:18, 19. shittim wood. ch. 25:5, 10. Nu. 25:1. De. 10:3.
21 The length. Each of these boards, taking the cubit at nearly twenty-two inches, was about eighteen feet long, and two feet nine inches broad. As these boards are said to be standing up (ver. 20,) their length was consequently the height of the tabernacle; and as the two sides were composed of twenty of these, standing up (ver. 23, 25,) and the west end of six, with two boards to project at the corners, (ver. 27, 28,) the tabernacle must therefore have been thirty cubits, or fifty-five feet long, and about ten cubits, or eighteen feet broad. These boards were fastened at the bottom by two tenons in each board, which fitted into two mortices in the foundation, at the top by links or hasps, and on the sides by five wooden bars, which ran through rings or staples in each of the boards. The boards and bars were all overlaid with gold; and their rings for the staves, and their hasps at top, were of the same metal. The foundation on which they stood consisted of about ninety-six solid blocks of silver, two under each board, about eighteen inches long, and of a suitable thickness; and each weighing a talent, or about a hundred weight. Four blocks of silver formed the bases of the columns which supported the curtain that divided the inside of the tabernacle into two rooms.
27 westward. ch. 26:22, 27.
29 coupled. Heb. twined. chap. 26:24. Ps. 122:3; 133:1. Ac. 2:46; 4:32. 1 Co. 1:10; 12:13. 2 Co. 1:10. Ep. 2:15, 19, 21; 3:18, 19; 4:2–6, 15, 16.
30 under every board two sockets. Heb. two sockets, two sockets, under one board, ch. 26:25.
31 See on ch. 25:28; 26:26–29; 30:5.
32 the tabernacle, ch. 26:26.
35 a vail of blue. Parachoth, from parach, to separate, divide, make a distinction between somewhat, the inner vail, which divided the tabernacle into two, and separated, and made a distinction between the Holy place and the Holy of Holies. This vail was made of the same rich materials as the inner covering of the tabernacle, and curiously embroidered with cherubim and other ornaments. Though it does not appear from Scripture at what distance from either end of the tabernacle this vail was hung, yet it is reasonably conjectured, that it divided it in the same proportion in which the temple, built after this model, was divided; that is, two-thirds of the whole length were alloted to the first room, and one-third to the second; so that the room beyond the vail, the Holy of Holies, was exactly square, being ten cubits each way, and the first room, the sanctuary, was twice as long as it was broad. See on ch. 26:31–35; 30:6; 40:21. Mat. 27:51. He. 10:20.
36 Je. 1:18.
37 an hanging. This vail was a fine embroidered curtain, of the same materials and of the same workmanship as the inner vail and inner covering of the tabernacle. The text does not say how low it hung. PHILO makes it touch the ground; but JOSEPHUS will have it to come down but half way, so that the people might have a view of the inside of the tabernacle; but then he says there was another curtain over that, which came to the ground, to keep it from the weather, and was drawn aside on the sabbath and other festivals, ch. 26:36, 37; 40:28. of needlework. Heb. the work of a needle worker, or embroiderer, ch. 26:36.
38 fillets with gold. ch. 27:10.


  CHAP. 37

  The ark and mercy seat with cherubims made, 1–9. The table of shew-bread with its vessels, 10–16. The candlestick with its lamps and instruments, 17–24. The altar of incense, 25–28. The anointing oil and sweet incense, 29.

1 ch. 25:10–16; 26:33. 31:7; 40:3, 20, 21. Nu. 10:33–36.
2 ch. 30:3.
4 staves. Nu. 4:14, 15. Ac. 9:15. with gold. 1 Pe. 1:7, 18, 19.
5 Nu. 1:50; 4:15. 2 Sa. 6:3–7.
6 See on ch. 25:17–22. Le. 16:12–15. 1 Ch. 28:11. Ro. 3:25. Ga. 4:4. Tit. 2:14. He. 9:5. 1 Jno. 2:2.
7 1 Ki. 6:23–29. Ps. 80:1; 104:4. Eze. 10:2.
8 on the end. or, out of, etc. on the other end. of, out of, etc.
9 cherubins spread. Ge. 3:24; 28:12. Is. 6:2. Eze. ch. 10. Jno. 1:51. 2 Co. 3:18. Phi. 3:8. 1 Ti. 3:16. He. 1:14. to the mercy seatward. ch. 25:20. Ep. 3:10. 1 Pe. 1:12.
10 See on ch. 25:23–30; 35:13; 40:4, 22, 23. Eze. 40:39–42. Mal. 1:12. Jno. 1:14, 16. Col. 1:27. Nothing but the ark of the covenant, with the mercy-seat, was put within the most holy place; but without the vail this ‘table of shittim wood’ was fixed, of the same height as the ark, but neither so long nor so broad. It was made of the same materials as the ark, and with a golden cornice; but it had also another cornice below the edge, and one at the bottom, with a border between the two of a hand breadth; though some think one border only was below the edge, and that this was towards the bottom, to keep the feet or legs more closely united. The table also had rings and staves for the convenience of removing it. To it were annexed several vessels; as dishes, in which some think the shewbread was placed; or, according to others, the flour of which it was made, or the oil used for various purposes; spoons, which were employed about the incense offered on the golden altar, or carried within the vail in a censer on the day of atonement. Some have supposed the word to denote vials, as we read of vials full of odours and incense (Rev. 5:8): covers, which seem to have been put over both the loaves and the incense, yet some suppose they were vessels used in drink-offerings; but that is more reasonably considered as the use of the bowls.
16 dishes. See on ch. 25:29. 1 Ki. 7:50. 2 Ki. 12:13. Je. 52:18, 19 2 Ti. 2:20. cover withal. or, pour out withal.
17 the candlestick of. See on ch. 25:31–39; 40:24, 25. Le. 24:4. 1 Ch. 28:15. 2 Ch. 13:11. Zec. 4:2, 11. Mat. 5:15. Jno. 1:4–9. Phi. 2:15. He. 9:2. Re. 1:12–20; 2:1–5.
20 almonds. ch. 25:33. Nu. 17:8. Ec. 12:5. Je. 1:11.
21 ch. 25:35.
22 were. ch. 25:31. 1 Co. 9:27. Col. 3:5. beaten work. Ps. 51:17. Is. 5:4, 5, 10.
23 ch. 25:37. Nu. 8:2. Zec. 4:2. Re. 1:12, 20; 2:1; 4:5; 5:5.
25 See on ch. 30:1–5; 40:5, 26, 27. 2 Ch. 26:16. Mat. 23:19. Lu. 1:9, 10. He. 7:25; 13:10. 1 Pe. 2:5. Re. 8:3, 4.
29 he made. See on ch. 30:23–38. Ps. 23:5; 92:10. Is. 11:2; 61:1, 3. Jno. 3:34. 2 Co. 1:21, 22. 1 Jno. 2:20, 27. incense. ch. 30:34. Ps. 14:1, 2; 141:2. He. 5:7; 7:25. Re. 8:3, 4. the apothecary. Ec. 10:1.


  CHAP. 38

  The altar of burnt offering, 1–7. The laver of brass, 8. The court, and its hangings, 9–20. The sum of what the people offered, and the use to which it was applied, 21–31.

1 the altar. This altar consisted of four boards of shittim (acacia) wood, covered with brass, and hollow in the middle; but it is supposed to have been filled up with earth when used, for it is expressly said (ch. 20:24) that the altar is to be of earth. As it was five cubits long and five cubits broad, and three cubits high, if the cubit be reckoned at 21 inches, it must have been eight feet nine inches square, and about five feet three inches in height. See on ch. 27:1–8; 40:6, 29. 2 Ch. 4:1. Eze. 43:13–17. Ro. 8:3, 4; 12:1. He. 3:1; 9:14; 13:10. 1 Pe. 2:5. foursquare; and three cubits the height thereof. Eze. 43:16. Jno. 6:57. He. 13:8. Re. 21:16.
2 he made. ch. 27:2. brass. Job. 6:12.
3 he made. ch. 27:3. flesh-hooks. 1 Sa. 2:13.
5 the grate, ch. 27:4.
6 ch. 25:6. De. 10:3.
7 to bear it withal. Ac. 9:15. 1 Co. 1:24; 2:2.
8 the laver. See on ch. 30:18–21; 40:7, 30–32. 1 Ki. 7:23–26, 38. Ps. 26:6. Zec. 13:1. Jno. 13:10. Tit. 3:5, 6. He. 9:10. 1 Jno. 3:7. Re. 1:5. looking glasses. or, brazen glasses. The word maroth, from raah, to see, denotes reflectors, or mirrors, of any kind. That these could not have been looking GLASSES, as in our translation, is sufficiently evident, not only from GLASS not being then in use, but also from the impossibility of making the BRAZEN laver of such materials. The first mirrors known among men, were the clear fountain and unruffled lake. The first artificial ones were made of polished brass, afterwards of steel, and when luxury increased, of silver; but at a very early period, they were made of a mixed metal, particularly of tin and copper, the best of which, as PLINY informs us, were formerly manufactured at Brundusium. When the Egyptians went to their temples, according to St. CYRIL, they always carried their mirrors with them. The Israelitish women probably did the same; and Dr. SHAW says, that looking-glasses are still part of the dress of Moorish women, who carry them constantly hung at their breasts. assembling. Heb. assembling by troops. It is supposed that these women kept watch during the night. Among the ancients, women were generally employed as door-keepers. See 1 Sa. 2:22. Pr. 8:34. Mat. 26:69. Lu. 2:37. Jno. 18:16. 1 Ti. 5:5.
9 See on ch. 27:9–19; 40:8, 33. 1 Ki. 6:36. Ps. 84:2, 10; 89:7; 92:13; 100:4.
14 ch. 27:14.
18 2 Ch. 3:14.
20 ch. 27:19. 2 Ch. 3:9. Ezr. 9:8. Ec. 12:11. Is. 22:23; 33:20. Ep. 2:21, 22. Col. 2:19.
21 tabernacle of. The word tabernacle is used in many different senses, and signifies, I. A tent or pavilion, Nu. 24:5. Mat. 17:4. II. A house or dwelling, Job 11:4; 22:23. III. A kind of tent, which is designated, to speak after the manner of of men, the palace of the Most High, the dwelling of the God of Israel, ch. 26:1. He. 9:2, 3:4. Christ’s human nature, of which the Jewish tabernacle was a type, wherein God dwells really, substantially, and personally, He. 8:2; 9:11. V. The true church militant, Ps. 15:1. VI. Our natural body, in which the soul lodges as in a tabernacle, 2 Co. 5:1. 2 Pe. 1:13. VII. The token of God’s gracious presence, Re. 21:3. ch. 25:16; 26:33; 40:3. Nu. 1:50, 53; 9:15; 10:11; 17:7, 8; 18:2. 2 Ch. 24:6. Ac. 7:44. Re. 11:19. by the hand. Nu. 4:28–33. Ezr. 8:26–30. Ithamar. ch. 6:23. 1 Ch. 6:3.
22 Bezaleel. ch. 31:1–5; 35:30–35; 36:1–3. The supernatural qualifications of Bezaleel and Aholiab proved their divine appointment; yet they had an express nomination to their work: they were also miraculously qualified to instruct their assistants, as well as to superintend them. Christ alone builds the Temple of the Lord, and bears the glory; but ministers and private Christians, under his direction and by his grace, may be fellow-workers together with him. They who, in mean employments, are diligent and humbly contented, are equally acceptable with those who are engaged in more splendid services. The women who spun the goats’ hair were wise-hearted, as well as the persons who presided over the work of the tabernacle, or as Aaron, who burnt incense there, because they did it heartily unto the Lord. Our wisdom and duty consist in giving God the glory and use of our talents, be they more or less; neither abusing nor burying them, but occupying with them until our Lord shall come; being satisfied that it is better to be a door-keeper in his service, than the most mighty and renowned of the ungodly.—SCOTT. all that the Lord. Ps. 119:6. Je. 1:7. Mat. 28:20.
23 Aholiab. ch. 35:34. a cunning. ch. 35:34.
24 All the gold. If we follow the estimation of the learned Dean PRIDEAUX, the value of the twenty-nine talents, and 730 shekels of gold, will be 198,347l. 12s. 6d. The value of the silver contributed by 603,550 Israelites, at half a shekel, or 1s. 6d. per man, will amount to 45,266l. 5s. The value of the 70 talents, 2400 shekels of brass, will be 513l. 17s. The gold weighed 4245 pounds; the silver, 14,603 pounds; and the brass, 10,277 pounds, troy weight. The total value of all the gold, silver, and brass, will consequently amount to 244,127l. 14s. 6d.; and the total weight of these three metals will amount to 29,124 pounds troy, which reduced to avoirdupois weight, is equal to FOURTEEN TONS, 226 pounds!—It may, perhaps, seem difficult to imagine how the Israelites should be possessed of so much wealth in the desert; but it should be remembered, that their ancestors were opulent men before they came into Egypt; that they were further enriched by the spoils of the Egyptians and A male-kites; and that it is probable, they traded with the neighbouring nations who bordered on the wilderness. There appear to be three reasons why so much riches should have been employed in the construction of the tabernacle, etc. 1. To impress the people’s minds with the glory and dignity of the Divine Majesty, and the importance of his service. 2. To take out of their hands the occasion of covetousness. 3. To prevent pride and vain glory, by leading them to give up to the divine service even the ornaments of their persons. 1 Ch. 22:14–16; 29:2–7. Hag. 2:8. offering. ch. 25:2; 29:24; 35:22. the shekel. ch. 30:13, 14, 24. Le. 5:15; 27:3, 25. Nu. 3:47; 18:16.
26 bekah. ch. 30:13, 15, 16. every man. Heb. a poll. Nu. 1:46. six hundred. ch. 12:37. Nu. 1:46.
27 and the sockets. ch. 26:19, 21, 25, 32.
28 and filleted them. ch. 27:17.
30 the sockets. ch. 26:37; 27:10, 17.


  CHAP. 39

  The cloths of service and holy garments, 1. The ephod, 2–7. The breast-plate, 8–21. The robe of the ephod, 22–26. The coats, mitre, and girdle of fine linen, 27–29. The plate of the holy crown, 30, 31. All is finished, reviewed, and approved by Moses, 32–43.

1 the blue. ch. 25:4; 26:1; 35:23. cloths. ch. 31:10; 35:19. holy place. Ps. 93:5. Eze. 43:12. He. 9:12, 25. the holy. ch. 28:2–4; 31:10. Eze. 42:14.
2 See on ch. 25:7; 28:6–12. Le. 8:7.
3 cunning work. ch. 26:1; 36:8.
5 curious. See on ch. 28:8; 29:5. Le. 8:7. Is. 11:5. Re. 1:13. as the Lord. Mat. 28:20. 1 Co. 11:23.
6 onyx stones. The meaning of the word shoham is not easily determined. It has been variously rendered a beryl, emerald, prasius, sapphire, sardius, ruby, carnelian, onyx, and sardonyx. It may signify both the onyx and sardonyx. The latter stone is a mixture of the chalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, and at other times blended together, and is found striped with white and red strata, or layers. It is generally allowed that there is no real difference, except in hardness, between the carnelian, chalcedony, agate, sardonyx, and onyx. The onyx is of a darkish horny colour, resembling the nail or hoof, from which circumstance it has its name (ονυξ). It has often a plate of a blueish white or red in it, and when on one or both sides of this white there appears a plate of a reddish colour, the jewellers call the stone a sardonyx. See on ch. 25:7; 28:9; 35:9. Job 28:16. Eze. 28:13. ouches. mishbetzoth, strait places, sockets, to insert the stones in, from shavatz, to straiten, enclose.
7 a memorial. ch. 28:12, 29. Jos. 4:7. Ne. 2:20. Mar. 14:9, 22–25.
8 See on ch. 25:7; 28:4, 13–29. Le. 8:8, 9. Ps. 89:28. Is. 59:17. Ep. 6:14.
10 the first row. See on ch. 28:16, 17, 21. Re. 21:19–21. sardius. or, ruby.
11 a diamond. The word yahalom may mean the diamond, from halam, to beat, smite, because of its extreme hardness, by which it will beat to pieces the other stones. It is a fine pellucid substance, never debased with any admixture of other matter; susceptible of elegant tinges from metalline particles; giving fire with steel; not fermenting with acid menstrua; scarcely calcinable by any degree of fire; and of one simple and permanent appearance in all lights. It is the hardest and most valuable of all gems; when pure, perfectly clear and pellucid as the clearest water, and eminently distinguished from all other substances by its vivid splendour, and the brightness of its reflections.
12 a ligure. Leshem, the ligure, the same as the jacinth, or hyacinth, a precious stone of a deep red, with a considerable tinge of yellow. THEOPHRASTUS and PLINY say it resembles the carbuncle, of a brightness sparkling like fire. an agate. Shevo, the agate, a semi-pellucid compound gem, formed of different simple minerals, as chalcedony, cornelian, jasper, horn-stone, quartz, amethyst, opal, etc., joined irregularly or in layers. It is of a white, reddish, yellowish, or greenish ground; and so variously figured in its substance as to represent plants, trees, animals, and other objects. an amethyst. Achlamah, an amethyst, a transparent gem, composed of a strong blue and deep red; and according as either prevails, affording different tinges of purple, sometimes approaching to violet, and sometimes even fading to a pale rose colour.
13 a beryl. Tarshish, a pellucid gem, of a sea, or blueish green colour. a jasper. Yaspeh, the jasper, a hard stone, of which there are not less than fifteen varieties of colour, as green, red, yellow, brown, black, etc.
14 Re. 21:12.
15 chains at the ends. ch. 28:14. 2 Ch. 3:5. Ca. 1:10. Jno. 10:28; 17:12. 1 Pe. 1:5. Jude 1.
16 gold rings. ch. 25:12.
18 two wreathen. ch. 28:14. Ca. 1:10. ephod. ver. 2.
20 coupling. ch. 26:3.
21 as the Lord. Mat. 16:24. 1 Co. 1:25, 27.
22 See on ch. 28:31–35.
24 they made. ch. 28:33. pomegranates. Ga. 5:22.
25 bells. ch. 28:33, 34. Ps. 89:15. the pomegranates. Ca. 4:13.
26 pomegranate. ch. 28:34. Ca. 4:3, 13; 6:7. hem. De. 22:12. Mat. 9:20.
27 coats. See on ch. 28:39–42. Le. 8:13. Is. 61:10. Eze. 44:18. Ro. 3:22; 13:14. Ga. 3:27. Phi. 2:6–8. 1 Pe. 1:13. fine. The word Shesh seems rather to mean cotton, than either fine linen, or silk; called also butz, and by the Greeks and Romans, βυσσος, byssus.
28 a mitre. ch. 28:4, 39. Eze. 44:18. linen. ch. 28:42. breeches. Michnasim, from kanas, to wrap round.
29 a girdle. Avnet, a belt or girdle, of the same kind as the eastern sash, which confines the loose garments about the waist; and in which their long skirts are tucked up when at work or on a journey. ch. 28:39.
30 the plate. See on ch. 26:36; 28:36–39. 1 Co. 1:30. 2 Co. 5:21. He. 1:3; 7:26. HOLINESS. ch. 28:36. Zec. 14:20. Tit. 2:14. Re. 5:10.
32 all the. ver. 33, 42; ch. 25–31; 35–40. Le. ch. 8; 9. Nu. 3:25, 26, 31, 36, 37; 4:4–32. according. ver. 42, 43; ch. 25:40; 40:32. De. 12:32. 1 Sa. 15:22. 1 Ch. 28:19. Mat. 28:20. He. 3:2; 8:5.
33 the tent. ch. 25–30; 31:7–11; 35:11–19; ch. 36–40.
35 the mercy seat. ch. 25:17. He. 9:5, 8.
36 the shewbread. ch. 25:30. 1 Ki. 7:48.
37 even with. Ex. 27:21. Mat. 5:14–16. Phi. 2:15.
38 sweet incense. Heb. the incense of sweet spices.
39 Ex. 38:30. 1 Ki. 8:64.
41 cloths. ver. 1; ch. 31:10. the holy. Ex. 28:2.
42 According. ver. 32; ch. 23:21, 22; ch. 25–31. De. 12:32. Mat. 28:20. 2 Ti. 2:15; 4:7. made. ch. 35:10.
43 did look. ch. 40:25. Ge. 1:31. Ps. 104:31. blessed them. Ge. 14:19. Le. 9:22, 23. Nu. 6:23–27. Jos. 22:6. 2 Sa. 6:18. 1 Ki. 8:14. 1 Ch. 16:2. 2 Ch. 6:3; 30:27. Ne. 11:2. Ps. 19:11.


  CHAP. 40

  The tabernacle is commanded to be reared, anointed, and consecrated, 1–12. Aaron and his sons to be sanctified, 13–15. Moses performs all things accordingly, 16–33. A cloud covers the tabernacle, 34–38.

2 the first month. ver. 17; ch. 12:1, 2; 13:4. Nu. 7:1. tabernacle. ver. 6, 18, 19; ch. 26:1, 7, 30; 27:21; 30:36; 35:11; 36:18.
3 ver. 20, 21; ch. 25:10, 22; 26:31, 33, 34; 35:12; 36:35, 36; 37:1–9. Le. 16:14. Nu. 4:5. Re. 11:19.
4 the table. ver. 22, 25; ch. 25:23–30; 26:35, 36; 37:10–24. the things that, etc. Heb. the order thereof. Le. 24:5, 6, 8. the candlestick. ver. 24, 25. See on ch. 25:31–39.
5 the altar. ver. 26, 27; ch. 30:1–5; 35:25–28; 37:25–28. Jno. 14:6. He. 9:24; 10:19–22. 1 Jno. 2:1, 2. put. ver. 28; ch. 26:36, 37.
6 ver. 29. See on ch. 27:1–8; 38:1–7. Ep. 1:6, 7. He. 13:10. 1 Jno. 2:2; 4:9, 10.
7 ver. 30–32. See on ch. 30:18–21; 38:8. Ps. 26:6. Zec. 13:1. Tit. 3:5. He. 10:22. 1 Jno. 1:7. Re. 1:5, 6.
8 the court. ver. 33. See on ch. 27:9–19; 38:9–20. Mat. 16:18. 1 Co. 12:28. Ep. 4:11, 12.
9 the anointing oil. ch. 30:23–33; 37:29; 39:39. Le. 8:10. Nu. 7:1. Ps. 45:7. Is. 11:2; 61:1. Mat. 3:16. Jno. 3:34. 2 Co. 1:4, 22. 1 Jno. 2:20.
10 sanctify. ch. 29:36, 37. Le. 8:11. Is. 11:2; 61:1. Jno. 3:34; 17:19. most holy. Heb. holiness of holinesses. Lu. 1:35. 1 Co. 1:30. 2 Co. 5:21. He. 7:26.
12 See on ch. 29:1–35. Le. 8:1–13; ch. 9. Is. 11:1–5; 61:1–3. Mat. 3:16. Lu. 1:35. Jno. 3:34. Ro. 8:3. Ga. 4:4.
13 anoint him. See on ch. 28:41. Is. 61:1. Jno. 3:34; 17:19. He. 10:10, 29. 1 Jno. 2:20, 27.
14 Is. 44:3–5; 61:10. Jno. 1:16. Ro. 8:30; 13:14. 1 Co. 1:9, 30.
15 everlasting. ch. 12:14; 30:31, 33. Nu. 25:13. Ps. 110:4. He. ch. 5; 7:3, 7, 17–24; ch. 8–10.
16 according. ver. 17–32; ch. 23:21, 22; 39:42, 43. De. 4:2; 12:32. Is. 8:20. Mat. 28:20. 1 Co. 4:2.
17 An. Ex. Is. 2. Abib. ver. 1, 2. Nu. 7:2; 9:1.
18 reared. ver. 2; ch. 26:15–30; 36:20–34. Le. 26:11. Eze. 37:27, 28. Jno. 1:14. Ga. 4:4. 1 Pe. 1:5. Re. 21:3. and fastened. Is. 41:7. Mat. 16:18. 1 Ti. 3:15.
19 the tent. ch. 26:1–14; 36:8–19.
20 the testimony. ch. 16:34; 25:16–21; 31:18. Ps. 40:8. Mat. 3:15. mercy. ver. 3; ch. 37:6–9. Ro. 3:25; 10:4. He. 4:16; 10:19–21. 1 Jno. 2:2.
21 he brought. ver. 3; ch. 26:33; 35:12. and covered. He. 10:19, 20.
22 he put. Jno. 6:53–57. Ep. 3:8. northward. ver. 24; ch. 26:35.
23 ver. 4; ch. 25:30. Mat. 12:4. He. 9:2.
24 ch. 25:31–35; 37:17–24. Ps. 119:105. Jno. 1:1, 5, 9; 8:12. Re. 1:20; 2:5.
25 ver. 4; ch. 25:37. Re. 4:5.
26 ver. 5; ch. 30:1–10. Mat. 23:19. Jno. 11:42; ch. 17. He. 7:25; 10:1. 1 Jno. 2:1.
27 ch. 30:7.
28 ver. 5; ch. 26:36, 37; 38:9–19. Jno. 14:6; 10:9. Ep. 2:18. He. 10:19, 20.
29 the altar. ver. 6; ch. 27:1–8; 38:1–7. Mat. 23:19. Ro. 3:24–26. He. 9:12; 13:5, 6, 10. offered. ch. 29:38, etc.
30 ver. 7; ch. 30:18–21; 38:8. Eze. 36:25. He. 10:22.
31 washed. Ps. 26:6; 51:6, 7. Jno. 13:10. 1 Jno. 1:7, 9.
32 as the Lord. ver. 19; ch. 30:19, 20. Ps. 73:19.
33 up the court. ver. 8; ch. 27:9–16. Nu. 1:50. Mat. 16:8. 1 Co. 12:12, 28. Ep. 4:11–13. He. 9:6, 7. the tabernacle. The tabernacle might either be called a house or a tent, because it had wooden walls and partitions like a house, and curtains and hangings like a tent; but as it externally resembled a common oblong tent, and the wooden walls were without a roof, and properly only supports for the many curtains and hangings spread over them, it is more properly called a tent. Even the ordinary tents of the Arabs have at least two main divisions; the innermost for the women, and hence called sacred, i.e. cut off, inaccessible. In the tent of an emir the innermost space is accessible to himself only, or those whom he particularly honours; into the outer tent others may come. The furniture is costly, the floor covered with a rich carpet, and has a stand with a censer and coals, on which incense is strewed. Hence we have the simple idea after which this magnificent royal tent of Jehovah, the King and God of the Hebrews, was made. hanging. Jno. 10:9; 14:6. Ep. 2:18. He. 4:14–16. So Moses. ch. 39:32. 1 Ki. 6:9. Zec. 4:9. Jno. 4:34; 17:4. 2 Ti. 4:7. He. 3:2–5.
34 a cloud. ch. 13:21, 22; 14:19, 20, 24; 25:8, 21, 22; 29:43; 33:9. Le. 16:2. Nu. 9:15–23, 35. 1 Ki. 8:10, 11. 2 Ch. 5:13; 7:2. Ps. 18:10–12. Is. 4:5, 6; 6:4. Eze. 43:4–7. Hag. 2:7, 9. Re. 15:8; 21:3, 23, 24.
35 Le. 16:2. 1 Ki. 8:11. 2 Ch. 5:14; 7:2. Is. 6:4. Re. 15:8.
36 when. ch. 13:21, 22. Nu. 10:11–13, 33–36; 19:17–23. Ne. 9:19. Ps. 78:14; 105:39. 1 Co. 10:1. 2 Co. 5:19, 20. went onward. Heb. journeyed.
37 Nu. 9:19–22. Ps. 31:15.
38 the cloud. ch. 13:21. Nu. 9:15. fire. Ps. 78:14; 105:39. Is. 4:5, 6.


CONCLUDING REMARKS

Moses was undoubtedly the author of this Book, which forms a continuation of the preceding, and was evidently written after the promulgation of the law: it embraces the history of about 145 years. Moses, having in the Book of Genesis described the creation of the world, the origin of nations, and the peopling of the earth, details in the Book of Exodus the commencement and nature of the Jewish Church and Polity, which has very properly been termed a Theocracy, (Θεοκρατια, from Θεος, God, and κρατεω, to rule,) in which Jehovah appears not merely as their Creator and God, but as their King. Hence this and the following books of Moses are not purely historical; but contain not only laws for the regulation of their moral conduct and the rites and ceremonies of their religious worship, but judicial and political laws relating to government and civil life. The stupendous facts connected with these events, may be clearly perceived by consulting the marginal references; and many of the circumstances are confirmed by the testimony of heathen writers. Numenius, a Pythagorean philosopher, mentioned by Eusebius, speaks of the opposition of the magicians, whom he calls Jannes and Jambres, to the miracles of Moses. Though the names of these magicians are not preserved in the Sacred Text, yet tradition had preserved them in the Jewish records, from which St. Paul (2 Ti. 3:8.) undoubtedly quotes. Add to this that many of the notions of the heathen respecting the appearance of the Deity, and their religious institutions and laws, were borrowed from this book; and many of their fables were nothing more than distorted traditions of those events which are here plainly related by Moses.


B. Blayney, Thomas Scott, and R.A. Torrey with John Canne, Browne, The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, vol. 1 (London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, n.d.), 38–67.