The First Book of MOSES, called GENESIS


  CHAP. 1

  GOD creates heaven and earth, 1; the light, 3; the firmament, 6; separates the dry land, 9; forms the sun, moon, and stars, 14; fishes and fowls, 20; cattle, wild beasts, and creeping things, 24; creates man in his own image, blesses him, 26; grants the fruits of the earth for food, 29.

1 beginning. Pr. 8:22–24; 16:4. Mar. 13:19. Jno. 1:1–3. He. 1:10. 1 Jno. 1:1. God. Ex. 20:11; 31:17. 1 Ch. 16:26. Ne. 9:6. Job 26:13; 38:4. Ps. 8:3; 33:6, 9; 89:11, 12; 96:5; 102:25; 104:24, 30; 115:15; 121:2; 124:8; 134:3; 136:5; 146:6; 148:4, 5. Pr. 3:19; 8:22–30. Ec. 12:1. Is. 37:16; 40:26, 28; 42:5; 44:24; 45:18; 51:13, 16; 65:17. Je. 10:12; 32:17; 51:15. Zec. 12:1. Mat. 11:25. Ac. 4:24; 14:15; 17:24. Ro. 1:19, 20; 11:36. 1 Co. 8:6. Ep. 3:9. Col. 1:16, 17. He. 1:2; 3:4; 11:3. 2 Pe. 3:5. Re. 3:14; 4:11; 10:6; 14:7; 21:6; 22:13.
2 without. Job 26:7. Is. 45:18. Je. 4:23. Na. 2:10. Spirit. Job 26:13. Ps. 33:6; 104:30. Is. 40:12–14.
3 God. Ps. 33:6, 9; 148:5. Mat. 8:3. Jno. 11:43. Let. Job 36:30; 38:19. Ps. 97:11; 104:2; 118:27. Is. 45:7; 60:19. Jno. 1:5, 9; 3:19. 2 Co. 4:6. Ep. 5:8, 14. 1 Ti. 6:16. 1 Jno. 1:5; 2:8.
4 that. ver. 10, 12, 18, 25, 31. Ec. 2:13; 11:7. the light from the darkness. Heb. between the light and between the darkness.
5 Day, and. ch. 8:22. Ps. 19:2; 74:16; 104:20. Is. 45:7. Je. 33:20. 1 Co. 3:13. Ep. 5:13. 1 Th. 5:5. And the evening and the morning were. Heb. And the evening was, and the morning was. ver. 8, 13, 19, 23, 31.
6 Let there. ver. 14, 20; ch. 7:11, 12. Job 26:7, 8, 13; 37:11, 18; 38:22–26. Ps. 19:1; 33:6, 9; 104:2; 136:5, 6; 148:4; 150:1. Ec. 11:3. Je. 10:10, 12, 13; 51:15. Zec. 12:1. firmament. Heb. expansion.
7 divided. Pr. 8:28, 29. above. Job 26:8. Ps. 104:10; 148:4. Ec. 11:3. and it. ver. 9, 11, 15, 24. Mat. 8:27.
8 God. ver. 5, 10; ch. 5:2. evening. ver. 5, 13, 19, 23, 31.
9 Job 26:7, 10; 38:8–11. Ps. 24:1, 2; 33:7; 95:5; 104:3, 5–9; 136:5, 6. Pr. 8:28, 29. Ec. 1:7. Je. 5:22. Jon. 1:9. 2 Pe. 3:5. Re. 10:6.
10 God saw. ver. 4. De. 32:4. Ps. 104:31.
11 Let the. ch. 2:5. Job 28:5. Ps. 104:14–17; 147:8. Mat. 6:30. He. 6:7. grass. Heb. tender grass. fruit. ver. 29; ch. 2:9, 16. Ps. 1:3. Je. 17:8. Mat. 3:10; 7:16–20. Mar. 4:28. Lu. 6:43, 44. Ja. 3:12.
12 earth. Is. 61:11. Mar. 4:28. herb. Is. 55:10, 11. Mat. 13:24–26. Lu. 6:44. 2 Co. 9:10. Gal. 6:7.
14 Let there. De. 4:19. Job 25:3, 5; 38:12–14. Ps. 8:3, 4; 19:1–6; 74:16, 17; 104:19, 20; 119:91; 136:7–9; 148:3, 6. Is. 40:26. Je. 31:35; 33:20, 25. lights. Or, rather, luminaries or light-bearers; being a different word from that rendered light, in ver. 3. the day from the night. between the day and between the night. and let. ch. 8:22; 9:13. Job 3:9; 38:31, 32. Ps. 81:3. Eze. 32:7, 8; 46:1, 6. Joel 2:10, 30, 31; 3:15. Am. 5:8; 8:9. Mat. 2:2; 16:2, 3; 24:29. Mar. 13:24. Lu. 21:25, 26; 23:45. Ac. 2:19, 20. Re. 6:12; 8:12; 9:2.
16 to rule. Heb. for the rule, etc. De. 4:19. Jos. 10:12–14. Job 31:26; 38:7. Ps. 8:3; 19:6; 74:16; 136:7, 8, 9; 148:3, 5. Is. 13:10; 24:23; 45:7. Hab. 3:11. Mat. 24:29; 27:45. 1 Co. 15:41. Re. 16:8, 9; 21:23. he made the stars also. Or, with the stars also.
17 ch. 9:13. Job 38:12. Ps. 8:1, 3. Ac. 13:47.
18 Ps. 19:6. Je. 31:35.
20 Let the waters. ver. 22; ch. 2:19; 8:17. Ps. 104:24, 25; 148:10. Ac. 17:25. moving. or, creeping. 1 Ki. 4:33. life. Heb. a living soul. ver. 30. Ec. 2:21. fowl that may fly. Heb. let fowl fly. This marginal reading is more conformable to the original, and reconciles this passage with ch. 2:19. The word fowl, from the Saxon fleon, to fly, exactly corresponds to the original, which denotes every thing that flies, whether bird or insect. open firmament. Heb. face of the firmament. ver. 7, 14.
21 great. ch. 6:20; 7:14; 8:19. Job 7:12; 26:5. Ps. 104:24–26. Eze. 32:2. Jon. 1:17; 2:10. Mat. 12:40. brought. ch. 8:17; 9:7. Ex. 1:7; 8:3. God saw. ver. 18, 25, 31.
22 ver. 28; ch. 8:17; 9:1; 30:27, 30; 35:11. Le. 26:9. Job 40:15; 42:12. Ps. 107:31, 38; 128:3; 144:13, 14. Pr. 10:22.
24 Let. ch. 6:20; 7:14; 8:19. Job 38:39, 40; 39:1, 5, 9, 19; 40:15. Ps. 50:9, 10; 104:18, 23; 148:10. Cattle, denotes domestic animals living on vegetables;—Beasts of the earth, wild animals; especially such as live on flesh; and—Creeping things, reptiles; or all the different genera of serpents, worms, and such animals as have no feet.
25 ch. 2:19, 20. Job 12:8–10; 26:13.
26 Let us. ch. 3:22; 11:7. Job 35:10. Ps. 100:3; 149:2. Is. 64:8. Jno. 5:17; 14:23. 1 Jno. 5:7. man. In Hebrew, Adam; probably so called either from the red earth of which he was formed, or from the blush or flesh-tint of the human countenance: the name is intended to designate the species. in our. ch. 5:1; 9:6. Ec. 7:29. Ac. 17:26, 28, 29. 1 Co. 11:7. 2 Co. 3:18; 4:4. Ep. 4:24. Col. 1:15; 3:10. Ja. 3:9. have dominion. ch. 9:2, 3, 4. Job 5:23. Ps. 8:4–8; 104:20–24. Ec. 7:29. Je. 27:6. Ac. 17:20, 28, 29. 1 Co. 11:7. 2 Co. 3:18. Ep. 4:24. Col. 3:10. He. 2:6–9. Ja. 3:7, 9.
27 in the image. Ps. 139:14. Is. 43:7. Ep. 2:10; 4:24. Col. 1:15. See ver. 26. male. ch. 2:21–25; 5:2. Mal. 2:15. Mat. 19:4. Mar. 10:6. 1 Co. 11:8, 9.
28 ver. 22; ch. 8:17; 9:1, 7; 17:16, 20; 22:17, 18; 24:60; 26:3, 4, 24; 33:5; 49:25. Le. 26:9. 1 Ch. 4:10; 26:5. Job 42:12. Ps. 107:38; 127:1–5; 128:3, 4. Is. 45:18. 1 Ti. 4:3. moveth. Heb. creepeth. Ps. 69:34, marg.
29 I have. Ps. 24:1; 115:16. Ho. 2:8. Ac. 17:24, 25, 28. 1 Ti. 6:17. bearing. Heb. seeding. to you. ch. 2:16; 9:3. Job 36:31. Ps. 104:14, 15, 27, 28; 111:5; 136:25; 145:15, 16; 146:7; 147:9. Is. 33:16. Mat. 6:11, 25, 26. Ac. 14:17.
30 ch. 9:3. Job 38:39–41; 39:4, 8, 30; 40:15, 20. Ps. 104:14; 145:15, 16; 147:9. life. Heb. a living soul.
31 very good. Job 38:7. Ps. 19:1, 2; 104:24, 31. La. 3:38. 1 Ti. 4:4. and the. ver. 5, 8, 13, 19, 23. ch. 2:2. Ex. 20:11.


  CHAP. 2

  The first Sabbath, 1–3. Further particulars concerning the manner of creation, 4–7. The planting of the garden of Eden, and its situation, 8–14; man is placed in it; and the tree of knowledge only forbidden, 15–17. The animals are named by Adam, 18. The making of woman, and the institution of marriage, 21.

1 Thus. ver. 4; ch. 1:1, 10. Ex. 20:11; 31:17. 2 Ki. 19:15. 2 Ch. 2:12. Ne. 9:6. Job 12:9. Ps. 89:11–13; 104:2; 136:5–8; 146:6. Is. 42:5; 45:18; 48:13; 55:9; 65:17. Je. 10:12, 16. Zec. 12:1. Ac. 4:24. He. 4:3. host. De. 4:19; 17:3. 2 Ki. 21:3–5. Ps. 33:6, 9. Is. 34:4; 40:26–28; 45:12. Je. 8:2. Lu. 2:13. Ac. 7:42.
2 And on. ch. 1:31. Ex. 20:11; 23:12; 31:17. De. 5:14. Is. 58:13. Jno. 5:17. He. 4:4. seventh day God. The LXX. Syriac, and the Samaritan Text read the SIXTH day, which is probably the true reading; as ו, which stands for six, might easily be changed into ז, which denotes seven. rested. Or, rather, ceased, as the Hebrew word is not opposed to weariness, but to action; as the Divine Being can neither know fatigue, nor stand in need of rest.
3 blessed. Ex. 16:22–30; 20:8–11; 23:12; 31:13–17; 34:21; 35:2, 3. Le. 23:3; 25:2, 3. De. 5:12–14. Ne. 9:14; 13:15–22. Pr. 10:22. Is. 56:2–7; 58:13, 14. Je. 17:21–27. Eze. 20:12. Mar. 2:27. Lu. 23:56. He. 4:4–10. created and made. Heb. created to make.
4 the generations. ch. 1:4; 5:1; 10:1; 11:10; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9. Ex. 6:16. Job 38:28. Ps. 90:1, 2. Lord. Ex. 15:3. 1 Ki. 18:39. 2 Ch. 20:6. Ps. 18:31; 86:10. Is. 44:6. Re. 1:4, 8; 11:17; 16:5.
5 plant. ch. 1:12. Ps. 104:14. had not. Job 5:10; 38:26–28. Ps. 65:9–11; 135:7. Je. 14:22. Mat. 5:45. He. 6:7. to till. ch. 3:23; 4:2, 12.
6 there went up a mist. or, a mist which went up.
7 formed man. Ps. 100:3; 139:14, 15. Is. 64:8. of the dust. Heb. the dust of, etc. dust. ch. 3:19, 23. Job 4:19; 33:6. Ps. 103:14. Ec. 3:7, 20; 12:7. Is. 64:8. Ro. 9:20. 1 Co. 15:47. 2 Co. 4:7; 5:1. and breathed. Job 27:3; 33:4. Jno. 20:22. Ac. 17:25. nostrils. ch. 7:22; Ec. 3:21. Is. 2:22. a living. Nu. 16:22; 27:16. Pr. 20:27. Zec. 12:1. 1 Co. 15:45. He. 12:9.
8 a garden. ch. 13:10. Eze. 28:13; 31:8, 9. Joel 2:3. eastward. ch. 3:24; 4:16. 2 Ki. 19:12. Eze. 27:23; 31:16, 18. put the. ver. 15.
9 every. Eze. 31:8, 9, 16, 18. tree of life. ch. 3:22. Pr. 3:18; 11:30. Eze. 47:12. Jno. 6:48. Re. 2:7; 22:2, 14. tree of knowledge. ver. 17; ch. 3:3, 22. De. 6:25. Is. 44:25; 47:10. 1 Co. 8:1.
10 a river. Ps. 46:4. Re. 22:1. Eden. Eden denotes pleasure or delight; but was certainly the name of a place, and was, most probably, situated in Armenia, near the sources of the great rivers Euphrates, Tigris, Phasis, and Araxes.
11 Havilah. ch. 10:7, 29; 25:18. 1 Sa. 15:7.
12 Bdellium is a transparent aromatic gum. The onyx is a precious stone, so called from a Greek word signifying a man’s nail, to the colour of which it nearly approaches. Nu. 11:7. onyx. Ex. 28:20; 39:13. Job 28:16. Eze. 28:13.
13 Gihon. The Araxes, which runs into the Caspian sea. Ethiopia. Heb. Cush. The country of the ancient Cussæi. ch. 10:6. Is. 11:11.
14 Hiddekel. Da. 10:4. The Tigris. toward the east of. or, eastward to. ch. 10:11, 22; 25:18. Euphrates. ch. 15:18. De. 1:7; 11:24. Re. 9:14.
15 the man. or, Adam. ver. 2. Job 31:33. put. ver. 8. Ps. 128:2. Ep. 4:28.
16 God. 1 Sa. 15:22. thou mayest freely eat. Heb. eating thou shalt eat. ver. 9; ch. 3:1, 2. 1 Ti. 4:4; 6:17.
17 of the tree. ver. 9; ch. 3:1–3, 11, 17, 19. thou shalt surely die. Heb. dying thou shalt die. surely. ch. 3:3, 4, 19; 20:7. Nu. 26:65. De. 27:26. 1 Sa. 14:39, 44; 20:31; 22:16. 1 Ki. 2:37, 42. Je. 26:8. Eze. 3:18–20; 18:4, 13, 32; 33:8, 14. Ro. 1:32; 5:12–21; 6:16, 23; 7:10–13; 8:2. 1 Co. 15:22, 56. Ga. 3:10. Ep. 2:1–6; 5:14. Col. 2:13. 1 Ti. 5:6. Ja. 1:15. 1 Jno. 5:16. Re. 2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8.
18 good. ch. 1:31; 3:12. Ru. 3:1. Pr. 18:22. Ec. 4:9–12. 1 Co. 7:36. I will. ch. 3:12. 1 Co. 11:7–12. 1 Ti. 2:11–13. 1 Pe. 3:7. meet for him. Heb. as before him.
19 And out. ch. 1:20–25. brought. ver. 22, 23; ch. 1:26, 28; 6:20; 9:2. Ps. 8:4–8. Adam. or, the man. ver. 15.
20 gave names to. Heb. called. but. ver. 18.
21 ch. 15:12. 1 Sa. 26:12. Job 4:13; 33:15. Pr. 19:15. Da. 8:18.
22 made. Heb. builded. Ps. 127:1. 1 Ti. 2:13. brought. ver. 19. Pr. 18:22; 19:14. Heb. 13:4.
23 bone. ch. 29:14. Ju. 9:2. 2 Sa. 5:1; 19:13. Ep. 5:30. flesh. ver. 24. Woman. Heb. Isha. 1 Co. 11:8, 9. taken. 1 Co. 11:8. Man. Heb. Ish.
24 leave. ch. 24:58, 59; 31:14, 15. Ps. 45:10. cleave. Le. 22:12, 13. De. 4:4; 10:20. Jos. 23:8. Ps. 45:10. Pr. 12:4; 31:10. Ac. 11:23. and they shall be one flesh. The LXX. Vulgate, Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan read “they TWO;” as is also read in several of the Parallel Passages. Mal. 2:14–16. Mat. 19:3–9. Mar. 10:6–12. Ro. 7:2. 1 Co. 6:16, 17; 7:2–4, 10, 11. Ep. 5:28–31. 1 Ti. 5:14. 1 Pe. 3:1–7.
25 naked. ch. 3:7, 10, 11. ashamed. Ex. 32:25. Ps. 25:3; 31:17. Is. 44:9; 47:3; 54:4. Je. 6:15; 17:13. Eze. 16:61. Joel 2:26. Mar. 8:38. Lu. 9:26. Ro. 10:11.


  CHAP. 3

  The serpent deceives Eve, 1–5. Both she and Adam transgress the divine command, and fall into sin and misery, 6, 7. God arraigns them, 8–13. The serpent is cursed, 14. The promised seed, 15. The punishment of mankind, 16–20. Their first clothing, 21. Their expulsion from paradise, 22–24.

1 Now. ver. 13–15. Is. 27:1. Mat. 10:16. 2 Co. 11:3, 14. Re. 12:9; 20:2. serpent. The Samaritan Copy, instead of nachash, ‘a serpent,’ reads cachash, ‘a liar or deceiver,’ read Jno. 8:44. he said. Nu. 22:28, 29. Ec. 4:10. 1 Pe. 3:7. Yea, hath Heb. Yea, because, etc. hath. Mat. 4:3, 6, 9.
2 serpent. Ps. 58:4.
3 But. ch. 2:16, 17. touch. ch. 20:6. Ex. 19:12, 13. 1 Ch. 16:22. Job 1:11; 2:5; 19:21. 1 Co. 7:1. 2 Co. 6:17. Col. 2:21.
4 serpent. Jno. 8:44. Ye. ver. 13. De. 29:19. 2 Ki. 1:4, 6, 16; 8:10. Ps. 10:11. 2 Co. 2:11; 11:3. 1 Ti. 2:14.
5 God. Ex. 20:7. 1 Ki. 22:6. Je. 14:13, 14; 28:2, 3. Eze. 13:2–6, 22. 2 Co. 11:3, 13–15. your. ver. 7, 10. Mat. 6:23. Ac. 26:18. as gods. Ex. 5:2. 2 Ch. 32:15. Ps. 12:4. Eze. 28:2, 9; 29:3. Da. 4:30; 6:7. Ac. 12:22, 23. 2 Co. 4:4. 2 Th. 2:4. Re. 13:4, 14. knowing. ver. 22; ch. 2:17.
6 saw. Jos. 7:21. Ju. 16:1, 2. pleasant. Heb. a desire. Eze. 24:16, 21, 25. to the eyes. ch. 6:2; 39:7. Jos. 7:21. 2 Sa. 11:2. Job 31:1. Mat. 5:28. 1 Jno. 2:16. and did. 1 Ti. 2:14. and he did eat. ver. 12, 17. Ho. 6:7, marg. Ro. 5:12–19.
7 And the. ver. 5. De. 28:34. 2 Ki. 6:20. Lu. 16:23. knew. ver. 10, 11; ch. 2:25. and they. Job 9:29–31. Is. 28:20; 59:6. aprons. or, things to gird about.
8 And they. ver. 10. De. 4:33; 5:25. cool of the day. Heb. wind. Job 34:21, 22; 38:1. hid. Job 22:14; 31:33; 34:22. Ps. 139:1–12. Pr. 15:3. Je. 23:24. Am. 9:2, 3. Jon. 1:3, 9, 10. Ro. 2:15. He. 4:13.
9 ch. 4:9; 11:5; 16:8; 18:20, 21. Jos. 7:17–19. Re. 20:12, 13.
10 and I was. ch. 2:25. Ex. 3:6. Job 23:15. Ps. 119:120. Is. 33:14; 57:11. 1 Jno. 3:20. because. ver. 7; ch. 2:25. Ex. 32:25. Is. 47:3. Re. 3:17, 18; 16:15.
11 ch. 4:10. Ps. 50:21. Ro. 3:20.
12 ch. 2:18, 20, 22. Ex. 32:21–24. 1 Sa. 15:20–24. Job 31:33. Pr. 19:3; 28:13. Lu. 10:29. Ro. 10:3. Ja. 1:13–15.
13 What. ch. 4:10–12; 44:15. 1 Sa. 13:11. 2 Sa. 3:24; 12:9–12. Jno. 18:35. The serpent. ver. 4–6. 2 Co. 11:3. 1 Ti. 2:14.
14 thou art. ver. 1; ch. 9:6. Ex. 21:28–32. Le. 20:25. dust. Ps. 72:9. Is. 29:4; 65:25. Mi. 7:17.
15 enmity. Nu. 21:6, 7. Am. 9:3. Mar. 16:18. Lu. 10:19. Ac. 28:3–6. Ro. 3:13. thy seed. Mat. 3:7; 12:34; 13:38; 23:33. Jno. 8:44. Ac. 13:10. 1 Jno. 3:8, 10. her seed. Ps. 132:11. Is. 7:14. Je. 31:22. Mi. 5:3. Mat. 1:23, 25. Lu. 1:31–35, 76. Ga. 4:4. it shall. Ro. 16:20. Ep. 4:8. Col. 2:15. Heb. 2:14, 15. 1 Jno. 3:8; 5:5. Re. 12:7, 8, 17; 20:1–3, 10. thou. ch. 49:17. Is. 53:3, 4, 12. Da. 9:26. Mat. 4:1–10. Lu. 22:39–44, 53. Jno. 12:31–33; 14:30, 31. Heb. 2:18; 5:7. Re. 2:10; 12:9–13; 13:7; 15:1–6; 20:7, 8.
16 in sorrow. ch. 35:16–18. 1 Sa. 4:19–21. Ps. 48:6. Is. 13:8; 21:3; 26:17, 18; 53:11. Je. 4:31; 6:24; 13:21; 22:23; 49:24. Mi. 4:9, 10. Jno. 16:21. 1 Th. 5:3. 1 Ti. 2:15. thy desire. ch. 4:7. to. or, subject to. rule. Nu. 30:7, 8, 13. Es. 1:20. 1 Co. 7:4; 11:3; 14:34. Ep. 5:22–24. Col. 3:18. 1 Ti. 2:11, 12. Tit. 2:5. 1 Pe. 3:1–6.
17 Because. 1 Sa. 15:23, 24. Mat. 22:12; 25:26, 27, 45. Lu. 19:22. Ro. 3:19. and hast. ver. 6, 11; ch. 2:16, 17. Je. 7:23, 24. cursed. ch. 5:29. Ps. 127:2. Ec. 1:2, 3, 13, 14; 2:11, 17. Is. 24:5, 6. Ro. 8:20–22. in sorrow. Job 5:6, 7; 14:1; 21:17. Ps. 90:7–9. Ec. 2:22, 23; 5:17. Jno. 16:33.
18 Thorns. Jos. 23:13. Job 5:5; 31:40. Pr. 22:5; 24:31. Is. 5:6; 7:23; 32:13. Je. 4:3; 12:13. Mat. 13:7. He. 6:8. bring forth. Heb. cause to bud. herb. Job 1:21. Ps. 90:3; 104:2, 14, 15. Ro. 14:2.
19 In. Ec. 1:3, 13. Ep. 4:28. 1 Th. 2:9. 2 Th. 3:10. till. Job 1:21. Ps. 90:3; 104:29. Ec. 5:15. for dust. ch. 2:7; 18:27. and. ch. 23:4. Job 17:13–16; 19:26; 21:26; 34:15. Ps. 22:15, 29; 104:29. Pr. 21:16. Ec. 3:20; 12:7. Da. 12:2. Ro. 5:12–21. 1 Co. 15:21, 22.
20 Adam. ch. 2:20, 23; 5:29; 16:11; 29:32–35; 35:18. Ex. 2:10. 1 Sa. 1:20. Mat. 1:21, 23. Eve. Heb. Chavah; that is, living. of. Ac. 17:26.
21 make. ver. 7. Is. 61:10. Ro. 3:22. 2 Co. 5:2, 3, 21.
22 as one. ver. 5; ch. 1:26; 11:6, 7. Is. 19:12, 13; 47:12, 13. Je. 22:23. tree. ch. 2:9. Pr. 3:18. Re. 2:7; 22:2. eat. Ps. 22:26. Jno. 6:48–58.
23 till. ver. 19; ch. 2:5, 4:2, 12; 9:20. Ec. 5:9.
24 east. ch. 2:8. Cherubims. Ex. 25:2, 20, 22. 1 Sa. 4:4. 1 Ki. 6:25–35. Ps. 80:1; 99:1; 104:4. Eze. 10:2, etc. He. 1:7. a flaming. Nu. 22:23. Jos. 5:13. 1 Ch. 21:16, 17. Heb. 1:7. to keep. Jno. 14:6. He. 10:18–22.


  CHAP. 4

  The birth, occupation, and offering of Cain and Abel, 1–7. Cain murders his brother Abel, 8–10. The curse of Cain, 11–16. Has a son called Enoch, and builds a city, which he calls after his name, 17. His descendants, with Lamech and his two wives, 18–24. The birth of Seth, 25, and Enos, 26.

1 knew. Nu. 31:17. Cain. That is, gotten or acquired. I have. ver. 25; ch. 3:15; 5:29. 1 Jno. 3:12.
2 Abel. Heb. Hebel. And Abel. ch. 30:29–31; 37:13; 46:32–34; 47:3. Ex. 3:1. Ps. 78:70–72. Am. 7:15. a keeper. Heb. a feeder. ver. 25, 26. Ps. 127:3. Jno. 8:44. 1 Jno. 3:10, 12, 15. tiller. ch. 3:23; 9:20.
3 A.M. 129. B.C. 3875. in process of time. Heb. at the end of days. Either at the end of the year, or of the week, i.e. on the Sabbath. 1 Ki. 17:7. Ne. 13:6. the fruit. Le. 2:1–11. Nu. 18:12.
4 the firstlings. Ex. 13:12. Nu. 18:12, 17. Pr. 3:9. He. 9:22. 1 Pe. 1:19, 20. Re. 13:8. flock. Heb. sheep, or, goats. fat. Le. 3:16, 17. had. ch. 15:17. Le. 9:24. Nu. 16:35. Ju. 6:21. 1 Ki. 18:24, 38. 1 Ch. 21:26. 2 Ch. 7:1. Ps. 20:3, marg. He. 11:4.
5 But. Nu. 16:15. He. 11:4. wroth. ch. 31:2, 5. Job 5:2. Ps. 20:3. Is. 3:10, 11. Mat. 20:15. Lu. 15:28–30. Ac. 13:45.
6 1 Ch. 13:11–13. Job 5:2. Is. 1:18. Je. 2:5, 31. Jno. 4:1–4, 8–11. Mi. 6:3–5. Mat. 20:15. Lu. 15:31, 32.
7 If thou doest well. ch. 19:21. 2 Sa. 24:23. 2 Ki. 8:28. Job 42:8. Pr. 18:5. Ec. 8:12, 13. Is. 3:10, 11. Je. 6:20. Mal. 1:8, 10, 13. Ac. 10:35. Ro. 2:7–10; 12:1; 14:18; 15:16. Ep. 1:6. 1 Ti. 5:4. 1 Pe. 2:5. be accepted. or, have the excellency. Job 29:4. Pr. 21:27. He. 11:4. sin. ver. 8–13. Ro. 7:8, 9. Ja. 1:15. unto thee. or, subject unto thee. ch. 3:16, marg.
8 talked. 2 Sa. 3:27; 13:26–28; 20:9, 10. Ne. 6:2. Ps. 36:3; 55:21. Pr. 26:24–26. Mi. 7:6. Lu. 22:48. Cain rose. 2 Sa. 14:6. Job 11:15. Ps. 24:3–6; 139:19. Mat. 23:35. Lu. 11:51. 1 Jno. 3:12–15. Jude 11.
9 Where is. ch. 3:9–11. Ps. 9:12. I know. ch. 37:32. Job 22:13, 14. Ps. 10:13, 14. Pr. 28:13. Jno. 8:44. Ac. 5:4–9.
10 What. ch. 3:13. Jos. 7:19. Ps. 50:21. blood. Heb. bloods. crieth. ch. 18:20. Ex. 3:7. 2 Ki. 9:26. Job 16:18; 24:12; 31:38, 39. Ps. 9:12; 72:14. Is. 5:7. Ac. 5:3, 9. He. 11:4; 12:24. Ja. 5:4. Re. 6:10.
11 ver. 14; ch. 3:14. De. 27:16–26; 28:15–20; 29:19–21. Ga. 3:10. opened. Job 16:18; 31:38–40. Is. 26:21. Re. 12:16.
12 it. ch. 3:17, 18. Le. 26:20. De. 28:23, 24. Ro. 8:20. a fugitive. ver. 14. Le. 26:36. De. 28:65, 66. Ps. 109:10. Je. 20:3, 4. Ho. 9:17.
13 My punishment is greater than I can bear. or, Mine iniquity is greater than that it may be forgiven. Job 15:22. Re. 16:9, 11, 21.
14 driven. Job 15:20–24. Pr. 14:32; 28:1. Is. 8:22. Ho. 13:3. from thy. ver. 16. Job 21:14, 15. Ps. 51:11–14; 143:7. Mat. 25:41, 46. 2 Th. 1:9. fugitive. De. 28:65. Ps. 109:10. See ver. 12. that. ver. 15; ch. 9:5, 6. Le. 26:17, 36. Nu. 17:12, 13; 35:19, 21, 27; 2 Sa. 14:7; Job 15:20–24. Pr. 28:1.
15 Therefore. 1 Ki. 16:7. Ps. 59:11. Ho. 1:4. Mat. 26, 52. sevenfold. ver. 24. Le. 26:18, 21, 24, 28. Ps. 79:12. Pr. 6:31. set a mark, etc. Or, rather, ‘gave a sign or token to Cain, that those who found him should not kill him.’ Eze. 9:4, 6. Re. 14:9, 11.
16 went. ver. 14; ch. 3:8. Ex. 20:18. 2 Ki. 13:23; 24:20. Job 1:12; 2:7; 20:17. Ps. 51:11; 68:2. Je. 23:39; 52:3. Jno. 1:3, 10. Mat. 18:20. Lu. 13:26. 1 Th. 1:9. Nod. So called from nad, ‘a vagabond,’ which Cain is termed in ver. 12.
17 Enoch. Heb. Chanoch. ch. 5:18, 22. and he. ch. 11:4. Ec. 2:4–11. Da. 4:30. Lu. 17:28, 29. the name. 2 Sa. 18:18. Ps. 49:11.
18 A.M. cir. 194. B.C. cir. 3810. Lamech. Heb. Lemech. ch. 5:21; 36:2.
19 two wives. ch. 2:18, 24. Mat. 19:4–6, 8.
20 the. ver. 21. 1 Ch. 2:50–52; 4:4, 5. Jno. 8:44. Ro. 4:11, 12. father. The inventor or teacher, 1 Sa. 10:12. dwell. ver. 2; ch. 25:27. Je. 35:9, 10. He. 11:9.
21 A.M. cir. 500. B.C. cir. 3504. father. Ro. 4:11, 12. the harp. ch. 31:27. Job 21:12. Is. 5:12. Am. 6:5.
22 instructer. Heb. whetter. brass. Ex. 25:3. Nu. 31:22. De. 8:9; 33:25. 2 Ch. 2:7.
23 hear. Nu. 23:18. Ju. 9:7. I have slain a man to my wounding. or, I would slay a man in my wound, etc. ch. 49:6. to my hurt. or, in my hurt.
24 if. ver. 15. seventy. Mat. 18:22.
25 A.M. 130. B.C. 3874. and called. ch. 5:3, 4. 1 Ch. 1:1. Lu. 3:38. Seth. Heb. Sheth; i.e. appointed, or put. God. ver. 1–3, 8, 10, 11.
26 A.M. 235. B.C. 3769. to him. ver. 6–8. Enos. Heb. Enosh. to call upon the name of the Lord. or, call themselves by the name of the Lord. De. 26:17, 18. 1 Ki. 18:24. Ps. 116:17. Is. 44:5; 48:1; 63:19. Je. 33:16. Joel 2:32. Zeph. 3:9. Ac. 2:21; 11:26. Ro. 10:13. 1 Co. 1:2. Ep. 3:14, 15.


  CHAP. 5

  Recapitulation of the creation of man, 1, 2. The genealogy, age, and death of the patriarchs from Adam to Noah, 3–31. The godliness and translation of Enoch, 22–24. The birth of Noah, etc., 29–32.

1 book. The original word rendered ‘book,’ signifies a register, account, history, or any kind of writing. ch. 2:4; 6:9; 10:1. 1 Ch. 1:1. Mat. 1:1. Lu. 3:36–38. in the likeness. ch. 1:26, 27. Ec. 7:29; 12:1. 1 Co. 11:7. 2 Co. 3:18. Ep. 4:24. Col. 3:10. He. 1:3; 12:9.
2 Male. ch. 1:27. Mal. 2:15. their. ch. 2:15, 23. marg. Ac. 17:26.
3 A.M. 130. B.C. 3874. hundred. The chronology differs in the Hebrew Text, the Samaritan, the LXX., and Josephus. The LXX. adds 100 years to each of the patriarchs Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, Mahalaleel, and Enoch, before the birth of their sons; while they take 20 from the age of Methuselah, and add 6 to that of Lamech. Thus the space from the creation to the deluge is made 2242 years, according to the Vatican copy, but 2262 by the Alexandrine; and the sum total by Josephus is 2265, by the Samaritan 1307, and the Hebrew Text, 1656. The sum total from the Deluge to the 70th year of Terah, according to these authorities, is, Heb. 292; Sam. 942; Sept. Vat. 1172; Alex. 1072, and Josephus 1002. in his. Job 14:4; 15:14–16; 25:4. Ps. 14:2, 3; 51:5. Lu. 1:35. Jno. 3:6. Ro. 5:12. 1 Co. 15:39. Ep. 2:3. called. ch. 4:25.
4 And the. 1 Ch. 1:1–3. Lu. 3:36–38. and he. ver. 7, 10, 13, 19, 22, 26, 30; ch. 1:28; 9:1, 7; 11:12. Ps. 127:3; 144:12.
5 A.M. 930. B.C. 3074. nine. ver. 8, 11, 14, 17, etc. with De. 30:20. Ps. 90:10. and he died. ver. 8, 11:14, etc.; ch. 3:19. 2 Sa. 14:14. Job 30:23. Ps. 49:7–10; 89:48. Ec. 9:5, 8; 12:5, 7. Eze. 18:4. Ro. 5:12–14. 1 Co. 15:21, 22. He. 9:27.
6 A.M. 235. B.C. 3769. begat. ch. 4:26.
8 A.M. 1042. B.C. 2962.
9 A.M. 325. B.C. 3679. Cainan. Heb. Kenar. 1 Ch. 1:2. Lu. 3:37.
10 begat. See ver. 4.
11 A.M. 1140. B.C. 2864. died. See ver. 5.
12 A.M. 395. B.C. 3609. Mahalaleel. Gr. Maleleel. Lu. 3:37.
13 and begat. See ver. 4.
14 A.M. 1235. B.C. 2769. See ver. 5.
15 A.M. 460. B.C. 3544. Jared. Heb. Jered. 1 Ch. 1:2.
16 and begat. See ver. 4.
17 A.M. 1290. B.C. 2714. died. See ver. 5.
18 A.M. 622. B.C. 3382. Enoch. ch. 4:17. 1 Ch. 1:3. Henoch. Lu. 3:37. Jude 14, 15.
19 and begat. See ver. 4.
20 he died. See ver. 5.
21 A.M. 687. B.C. 3317. Methuselah. Gr. Mathusala. Lu. 3:37.
22 ch. 6:9; 17:1; 24:40; 48:15. Ex. 16:4. Le. 26:12. De. 5:33; 13:4; 28:9. 1 Ki. 2:4. 2 Ki. 20:3. Ps. 16:8; 26:11; 56:13; 86:11; 116:9; 128:1. Ca. 1:4. Ho. 14:9. Am. 3:3. Mi. 4:5; 6:8. Mal. 2:6. Lu. 1:6. Ac. 9:31. Ro. 8:1. 1 Co. 7:17. 2 Co. 6:16. Ep. 5:15. Col. 1:10; 4:5. 1 Th. 2:12; 4:1. He. 11:5, 6. 1 Jno. 1:7.
23 A.M. 987. B.C. 3017.
24 walked. See ver. 21. he was not. The same expression occurs, ch. 37:30; 42:36. Je. 31:15. Mat. 2:18. for. 2 Ki. 2:11. Lu. 23:43. He. 11:5, 6. Jude 14, 15.
25 A.M. 874. B.C. 3130. ch. 4:18, marg.
26 begat sons. See ver. 4.
27 A.M. 1656. B.C. 2348. he died. See ver. 5.
28 A.M. 1056. B.C. 2948.
29 he called. ch. 6:8, 9; 7:23; 9:24. Is. 54:9. Eze. 14:14, 20. Mat. 24:37. Lu. 3:36; 17:26, 27. He. 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5. Noah. Gr. Noe, i.e. rest or comfort. because. ch. 3:17–19; 4:11, 12.
30 begat sons. See ver. 4.
31 A.M. 1651. B.C. 2353. he died. See ver. 5.
32 A.M. 1556. B.C. 2448. Shem. ch. 6:10; 7:13; 9:18, 19, 22–27; 10:1, 21, 32. 1 Ch. 1:4–28. Lu. 3:36.


  CHAP. 6

  The wickedness of the world, which provoked God’s wrath, and caused the flood, 1–7. Noah finds grace, 8. His generations, etc., 9–13. The order, form, dimensions, and end of the ark, 14–22.

1 A.M. 1556. B.C. 2448. to multiply. ch. 1:28.
2 the sons. ch. 4:26. Ex. 4:22, 23. De. 14:1. Ps. 82:6, 7. Is. 63:16. Mal. 2:11. Jno. 8:41, 42. Ro. 9:7, 8. 2 Co. 6:18. saw. 2 Pe. 2:14. that they. ch. 3:6; 39:6, 7. 2 Sa. 11:2. Job 31:1. 1 Jno. 2:16. and they. ch. 24:3; 27:46. Ex. 34:16. De. 7:3, 4. Jos. 23:12, 13. Ezr. 9:1, 2, 12. Ne. 13:24–27. Mal. 2:15. 1 Co. 7:39. 2 Co. 6:14–16.
3 My. Nu. 11:17. Ne. 9:30. Is. 5:4; 63:10. Je. 11:7, 11. Ac. 7:51. Ga. 5:16, 17. 1 Th. 5:19. 1 Pe. 3:18–20. Jude 14, 15. is. Ps. 78:39. Jno. 3:6. Ro. 8:1–13. Ga. 5:16–24. 1 Pe. 3:20.
4 giants. Nu. 13:33. De. 2:20, 21; 3:11. 1 Sa. 17:4. 2 Sa. 21:15–22. after. ver. 3. men of. ch. 11:4. Nu. 16:2.
5 God. ch. 13:13; 18:20, 21. Ps. 14:1–4; 53:2. Ro. 1:28–31; 3:9–19. every imagination. or, the whole imagination. The Hebrew word signifies not only the imagination, but also the purposes and desires. ch. 8:21. De. 29:19. Job 15:16. Pr. 6:18. Ec. 7:29; 9:3. Je. 17:9. Eze. 8:9, 12. Mat. 15:19. Mar. 7:21–23. Ep. 2:1–3. Tit. 3:3. thoughts. Je. 4:14. continually. Heb. every day.
6 repented. Ex. 32:14. Nu. 23:19. De. 32:36. 1 Sa. 15:11, 29. 2 Sa. 24:16. 1 Ch. 21:15. Ps. 106:45; 110:4. Je. 18:8–10; 26:19. Ho. 11:8. Jon. 3:10. Mal. 3:6. Ro. 11:29. He. 6:17, 18. Ja. 1:17. grieved. De. 5:29; 32:29. Ps. 78:40; 81:13; 95:10; 119:158. Is. 48:18; 63:10. Eze. 33:11. Lu. 19:41, 42. Ep. 4:30. He. 3:10, 17.
7 I will. Ps. 24:1, 2; 37:20. Pr. 10:27; 16:4. both man, and beast. Heb. from man unto beast. Je. 4:22–27; 12:3, 4. Ho. 4:3. Zep. 1:3. Ro. 3:20–22.
8 ch. 19:19. Ex. 33:12–17. Ps. 84:11; 145:20. Pr. 3:4; 8:35; 12:2. Je. 31:2. Lu. 1:30. Ac. 7:46. Ro. 4:4; 11:6. 1 Co. 15:10. Ga. 1:15. 2 Ti. 1:18. Tit. 2:11; 3:7. He. 4:16. 2 Pe. 2:5.
9 These. ch. 2:4; 5:1; 10:1. just. ch. 7:1. Job 12:4. Pr. 4:18. Ec. 7:20. Eze. 14:14, 20. Hab. 2:4. Lu. 2:25; 23:50. Ac. 10:22. Ro. 1:17. Ga. 3:11. He. 11:7. 2 Pe. 2:5. perfect. or, upright. 2 Ch. 15:17; 25:2. Job 1:1, 8. Ps. 37:37. Lu. 1:6. Phi. 3:9–15. and Noah. See on ch. 5:22, 24; 17:1; 48:15. 1 Ki. 3:6. Lu. 1:6. 1 Pe. 2:5.
10 A.M. 1556. B.C. 2448. Shem. ch. 5:32.
11 before. ch. 7:1; 10:9; 13:13. 2 Ch. 34:27. Lu. 1:6. Ro. 2:13; 3:19. filled. Ps. 11:5; 55:9; 140:11. Is. 60:18. Je. 6:7. Eze. 8:17; 28:16. Ho. 4:1, 2. Hab. 1:2; 2:8, 17.
12 God. ver. 8; ch. 18:21. Job 33:27. Ps. 14:2; 33:13, 14; 53:2, 3. Pr. 15:3. for all. ver. 4, 5; ch. 7:1, 21; 9:12, 16, 17. Job 22:15–17. Lu. 3:6. 1 Pe. 3:19, 20. 2 Pe. 2:5.
13 The end. Je. 51:13. Eze. 7:2–6. Am. 8:2. 1 Pe. 4:7. filled. ver. 4, 11, 12; ch. 49:5. Ho. 4:1, 2. and, behold. ver. 17. with. or, from. ch. 7:23. the earth. Je. 4:23–28. He. 11:7. 2 Pe. 3:6, 7, 10–12.
14 A.M. 1536. B.C. 2468. Make. Mat. 24:38. Lu. 17:27. 1 Pe. 3:20. rooms. Heb. nests. shalt pitch. Ex. 2:3.
15 cubits. ch. 7:20. De. 3:11.
16 window. ch. 8:6. 2 Sa. 6:16. 2 Ki. 9:30. the door. ch. 7:16. Lu. 13:25. with. Eze. 41:16; 42:3.
17 behold. ver. 13; ch. 7:4, 21–23; 9:9. Ex. 14, 17. Le. 26:28. De. 32:39. Ps. 29:10. Is. 51:12. Eze. 5:8; 6:3; 34:11, 20. Ho. 5:14. 2 Pe. 2:5. bring. ch. 7:4, 17, 21–23. Job 22:16. Ps. 29:10; 93:3, 4; 107:34. Is. 54:9. Am. 9:6. Mat. 24:39. Lu. 17:27. He. 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. is the. ch. 2:7; 7:15. shall die. ver. 7. Ps. 107:34. Ro. 5:12–14, 21; 6:23; 8:20–22.
18 establish. ch. 9:9, 11; 17:4, 7, 21. come. ch. 7:1, 7, 13. Is. 26:20. He. 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5.
19 The cubit being nearly 22 inches, and the ark being 300 cubits in length, 50 in breadth, and 30 in height, (ver. 15,) its size was equal to 547 feet long, 91 feet broad, and 54 feet high; and it is computed to have been 81,062 tons burthen. These dimensions were sufficient to contain all the persons and animals in it, and food for more than a year. two. ch. 7:2, 3, 8, 9, 15, 16; 8:17. Ps. 36:6.
20 fowls. ch. 1:20–24. Ac. 10:11, 12. two. ch. 1:28; 2:19; 7:8–16. Jno. 5:40.
21 ch. 1:29, 30. Job 38:41; 40:20. Ps. 35:6; 104:27, 28; 136:25; 145:16; 147:9. Mat. 6:26.
22 ch. 7:5, 9, 16; 17:23. Ex. 40:16, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 32. De. 12:32. Mat. 7:24–27. Jno. 2:5; 15:14. He. 11:7, 8. 1 Jno. 5:3, 4.


  CHAP. 7

  Noah, with his family, and the living creatures, enter the ark, and the flood begins, 1–16. The increase and continuance of the flood for forty days, 17–20. All flesh is destroyed by it, 21–23. Its duration, 24.

1 A.M. 1656. B.C. 2348. Come. ver. 7, 13. Job 5:19–24. Ps. 91:1–10. Pr. 14:26; 18:10. Is. 26:20, 21. Eze. 9:4–6. Zep. 2:3. Mat. 24:37–39. Lu. 17:26. Ac. 2:39. He. 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5. thee. See on ch. 6:9. Ps. 33:18, 19. Pr. 10:6, 7, 9; 11:4–8. Is. 3:10, 11. Phi. 2:15, 16. 2 Pe. 2:5–9.
2 every clean. ver. 8; ch. 6:19–21; 8:20. Le. ch. 11. De. 14:1–21. Ac. 10:11–15. sevens. Heb. seven, seven. not. Le. 10:10. Eze. 44:23.
4 For. ver. 10; ch. 2:5; 6:3; 8:10, 12; 29:27, 28. Job 28:25; 36:27–32; 37:11, 12. Am. 4:7. forty days. ver. 12, 17. and every. ver. 21–23; ch. 6:17. destroy. Heb. blot out. ver. 21, 23. ch. 6:7, 13, 17. Ex. 32:32, 33. Job 22:16. Ps. 69:28. Re. 3:5.
5 all that. ch. 6:22. Ex. 39:32, 42, 43; 40:16. Ps. 119:6. Mat. 3:15. Lu. 8:21. Jno. 2:5; 8:28, 29; 13:17. Phi. 2:8. He. 5:8.
6 ch. 5:32; 8:13.
7 ver. 1, 13–15; ch. 6:18. Pr. 22:3. Mat. 24:38. Lu. 17:27. He. 6:18; 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5.
9 ver. 16; ch. 2:19. Is. 11:6–9; 65:25. Je. 8:7. Ac. 10:11, 12. Ga. 3:28. Col. 3:11.
10 after seven days. or, on the seventh day. ver. 4. waters. ver. 4, 17–20; ch. 6:17. Job 22:16. Mat. 24:38, 39. Lu. 17:27.
11 second month. The first month was Tisri, which answers to the latter end of September and first half of October; the second was Marchesvan, which answers to part of October and part of November. all. ch. 1:7; 6:17; 8:2. Job 28:4; 38:8–11. Ps. 33:7; 74:15. Pr. 8:28, 29. Is. 24:19. Je. 5:22; 51:16. Eze. 26:19. Am. 9:5, 6. Mat. 24:38. 1 Th. 5:3. windows. or, flood-gates. ch. 1:7; 8:2. 2 Ki. 7:2, 19. Ps. 78:23, 24. Mal. 3:10.
12 forty. ver. 4, 17. Ex. 24:18. De. 9:9, 18; 10:10. 1 Ki. 19:8. Mat. 4:2.
13 day. ver. 1, 7–9. ch. 6:18. He. 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5. and Shem. ch. 5:32; 6:10; 9:18, 19; 10:1, 2, 6, 21. 1 Ch. 1:4–28.
14 They. ver. 2, 3, 8, 9. sort. Heb. wing.
15 ch. 6:20. Is. 11:6.
16 as. ver. 2, 3. the. 2 Ki. 4:4, 5. De. 33:27. Ps. 46:2; 91:1–10. Pr. 3:23. Mat. 25:10. Lu. 13:25. Jno. 10:27–41. 1 Pe. 1:5.
17 ver. 4, 12.
18 waters prevailed. Ex. 14:28. Job 22:16. Ps. 69:15. ark. Ps. 104:26.
19 and all the high hills. At the present day every mountain where search has been made, conspire in one uniform, universal proof that they all had the sea spread over their highest summits; shells, skeletons of fish, etc., having been found there. Job 12:15. Ps. 46:2, 3; 104:6–9. Je. 3:23. 2 Pe. 3:6.
20 and the mountains. Ps. 104:6. Je. 3:23.
21 ver. 4; ch. 6:6, 7, 13, 17. Job 22:15–17. Is. 24:6, 19. Je. 4:22–27; 12:3, 4. Ho. 4:3. Joel 1:17–20; 2:3. Zep. 1:3. Mat. 24:39. Lu. 17:27. Ro. 8:20, 22. 2 Pe. 2:5.
22 breath of life. Heb. breath of the spirit of life. ch. 2:7; 6:17.
23 every living substance. The most incontestable evidence has been afforded of the universality of this fact: the moose deer, a native of America, has been found buried in Ireland; elephants, natives of Asia and Africa, in the midst of England; crocodiles, natives of the Nile, in the heart of Germany; and shell-fish, never known in any but the American seas, with the entire skeletons of whales, in the most inland counties of England. ver. 21, 22. Job 22:15–17. Is. 24:1–8. Mat. 24:37–39. Lu. 17:26, 27. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5. and Noah. Ex. 14:28–30. Job 5:19. Ps. 91:1, 9, 10. Pr. 11:4. Eze. 14:14–20. Mal. 3:17, 18. Mat. 25:46. He. 11:7. 1 Pe. 3:20. 2 Pe. 2:5, 9; 3:6.
24 ch. 8:3, 4. compared with ver. 11 of this chapter. The breaking up of the fountains of the great deep, and the raining forty days and nights, had raised the waters fifteen cubits, or twenty-two feet and a half, above the highest mountain; after which forty days, it appears to have continued at this height one hundred and fifty days more.


  CHAP. 8

  God remembers Noah, and assuages the waters, 1–3. The ark rests on Ararat, 4, 5. Noah sends forth a raven and then a dove, 6–12. Noah, being commanded, goes forth from the ark, 13–19. He builds an altar, and offers sacrifice, which God accepts, and promises to curse the earth no more, 20–22.

1 God remembered. ch. 19:29; 30:22. Ex. 2:24. 1 Sa. 1:19. Ne. 13:14, 22, 29, 31. Job 14:13. Ps. 106:4; 132:1; 136:23; 137:7. Am. 8:7. Hab. 3:2. Re. 16:19; 18:5. the cattle. Nu. 22:32. Ps. 36:6. Jon. 4:11. Ro. 8:20–22. a wind. Ex. 14:21. Ps. 104:7–9. Pr. 25:23.
2 fountains. ch. 7:11. Pr. 8:28. Jon. 2:3. the rain. Job 37:11–13; 38:37. Mat. 8:9, 26, 27.
3 continually. Heb. in going and returning. hundred. ch. 7:11, 24.
4 the ark. ch. 7:17–19. seventh month. That is, of the year, not of the deluge. Ararat. Ararat is generally understood to be Armenia, as it is rendered elsewhere, in which there is a great chain of mountains, like the Alps or Pyrenees, upon the highest part of which, called by some ‘The Finger Mountain,’ the ark is supposed to have rested. 2 Ki. 19:37. Is. 37:38. Je. 51:27.
5 decreased continually. Heb. were in going and decreasing. the tenth. ch. 7:11.
6 opened the window. ch. 6:16. Da. 6:10.
7 a raven. Le. 11:15. 1 Ki. 17:4, 6. Job 38:41. Ps. 147:9. went forth to and fro. Heb. in going forth and returning.
8 a dove. ver. 10–12. Ca. 1:15; 2:11, 12, 14. Mat. 10:16.
9 found. De. 28:65. Eze. 7:16. Mat. 11:28. Jno. 16:33. and she. Ps. 116:7. Is. 60:8. pulled her. Heb. caused her to come.
10 stayed. Ps. 40:1. Is. 8:17; 26:8. Ro. 8:25. seven. ver. 12; ch. 7:4, 10.
11 an olive. Ne. 8:15. Zec. 4:12–14. Ro. 10:15.
12 And he. Ps. 27:14; 130:5, 6. Is. 8:17; 25:9; 26:8; 30:18. Hab. 2:3. Ja. 5:7, 8. seven. ver. 10; ch. 2:2, 3.
13 A.M. 1657. B.C. 2347. six. ch. 7:11.
14 ch. 7:11, 13, 14. From this, it appears, that Noah was in the ark a complete solar year, or 365 days; for he entered it the 17th day of the 2nd month, in the 600th year of his life, and continued in it till the 27th day of the 2nd month, in the 601st year of his life, as we see above.
16 ch. 7:1, 7, 13. Jos. 3:17; 4:10, 16–18. Ps. 91:11; 121:8. Da. 9:25, 26. Zec. 9:11. Ac. 16:27, 28, 37–39.
17 Bring. ch. 7:14, 15. breed. ch. 1:22; 9:1, 7. Ps. 107:38; 144:13, 14. Je. 31:27, 28.
18 Ps. 121:8.
19 kinds. Heb. families.
20 builded. ch. 4:4; 12:7, 8; 13:4; 22:9; 26:25; 33:20; 35:1, 7. Ex. 20:24, 25; 24:4–8. Ro. 12:1. He. 13:10, 15, 16. 1 Pe. 2:5, 9. clean beast. ch. 7:2. Le. ch. 11. burnt. Le. ch. 1.
21 smelled. Le. 1:9, 13, 17; 26:31. Ca. 4:10, 11. Is. 65:6. Eze. 20:41. Am. 5:21, 22. 2 Co. 2:15. Ep. 5:2. Phi. 4:18. sweet savour. Heb. savour of rost. curse. ch. 3:17; 4:12; 5:29; 6:17. for. or, though. the imagination. ch. 6:5. Job 14:4; 15:14–16. Ps. 51:5; 58:3. Pr. 20:9. Ec. 7:20. Is. 47:12, 15; 48:8; 53:6. Je. 8:6; 17:9; 18:12. Mat. 15:19. Jno. 3:6. Ro. 1:21; 3:23; 8:7, 8. Ep. 2:1–3. Ja. 1:14, 15; 4:1, 2. 1 Jno. 5:19. neither. ch. 9:11–15. Is. 54:9, 10. as I. 2 Pe. 3:6, 7.
22 While the earth remaineth. Heb. as yet all the days of the earth. Is. 54:8. seed-time. Most of the European nations divide the year into four distinct parts, called quarters or seasons; but there are six divisions in the text, which obtained in Palestine among the Hebrews, and exist among the Arabs to the present day. According to this gracious promise, the heavenly bodies have preserved their courses, the seasons their successions, and the earth its increase for the use of man. ch. 45:6. Ex. 34:21. Ps. 74:16, 17. Ca. 2:11, 12. Is. 54:9. Je. 5:24. Ja. 5:7. day. Je. 31:35; 33:20–26.


  CHAP. 9

  God blesses Noah and his sons, and grants them flesh for food, 1–3. Blood and murder are forbidden, 4–7. God’s covenant, of which the rainbow was constituted a pledge, 8–17. Noah’s family replenish the world, 18, 19. Noah plants a vineyard, 20. Is drunken, and mocked by his son, 21–24. Curses Canaan, 25. Blesses Shem, 26. Prays for Japheth, and dies, 27–29.

1 blessed. ver. 7; ch. 1:22, 28; 2:3; 8:17; 24:60. Ps. 112:1; 128:3, 4. Is. 51:2. Be. ver. 7, 19; ch. 1:28; 8:17; 10:32.
2 ch. 1:28; 2:19; 35:5. Le. 26:6, 22. Job 5:22, 23. Ps. 8:4–8; 104:20–23. Eze. 34:25. Ho. 2:18. Ja. 3:7.
3 Every. Le. ch. 11; 22:8. De. 12:15; 14:3–21. Ac. 10:12–15. 1 Ti. 4:3–5. even. ch. 1:29, 30. Ps. 104:14, 15. Ro. 14:3, 14, 17, 20. 1 Co. 10:23, 25, 26, 31. Col. 2:16, 21, 22. 1 Ti. 4:3, 4.
4 the life. Le. 3:17; 7:26; 17:10–14; 19:26. De. 12:16, 23; 14:21; 15:23. 1 Sa. 14:34. Ac. 15:20, 25, 29. 1 Ti. 4:4.
5 every. Ex. 21:12, 28, 29. and at. ch. 4:9, 10. Le. 19:16. Nu. 35:31–33. De. 21:1–9. Ps. 9:12. Mat. 23:35. brother. Ac. 17:26.
6 by. Ex. 21:12–14; 22:2, 3. Le. 17:4; 24:17. Nu. 35:25. 1 Ki. 2:5, 6, 28–34. Mat. 26:52. Ro. 13:4. Re. 13:10. in. ch. 1:26, 27; 5:1. Ps. 51:4. Ja. 3:9.
7 ver. 1, 19; ch. 1:28; 8:17.
9 ver. 11, 17; ch. 6:18; 17:7, 8; 22:17. Is. 54:9, 10. Je. 31:35, 36; 33:20. Ro. 1:3.
10 ver. 15, 16; ch. 8:1. Job ch. 38; 41. Ps. 36:5, 6; 145:9. Jon. 4:11.
11 And I. ch. 8:21, 22. Is. 54:9. neither shall all. ch. 7:21–23; 8:21, 22. 2 Pe. 3:7, 11.
12 ch. 17:11. Ex. 12:13; 13:16. Jos. 2:12. Mat. 26:26–28. 1 Co. 11:23–25.
13 Eze. 1:28. Re. 4:3; 10:1.
15 remember. Ex. 28:12. Le. 26:42–45. De. 7:9. 1 Ki. 8:23. Ne. 9:32. Ps. 106:45. Je. 14:21. Eze. 16:60. Lu. 1:72. the waters. Is. 54:8–10.
16 everlasting. ver. 9–11; ch. 8:21, 22; 17:13, 19. 2 Sa. 23:5. Ps. 89:3, 4. Is. 54:8–10; 55:3. Je. 32:40. He. 13:20.
18 Shem. ver. 23; ch. 10:1. 1 Ch. 1:4. Ham. ch. 10:1, 6. Canaan. Heb. Chenaan.
19 These, ch. 5:32. and of. ch. 8:17; 10:2–32. 1 Ch. 1:4–28.
20 an husbandman. ch. 3:18, 19, 23; 4:2; 5:29. Pr. 10:11; 12:11. Ec. 5:9. Is. 28:24–26. planted. De. 20:6; 28:30. Pr. 24:30. Ca. 1:6. 1 Co. 9:7.
21 and was. ch. 6:9; 19:32–36. Pr. 20:1; 23:31, 32. Ec. 7:20. Lu. 22:3, 4. Ro. 13:13. 1 Co. 10:12. Ga. 5:21. Tit. 2:2. and he. Hab. 2:15, 16. Re. 3:18.
22 Ham. ver. 25; ch. 10:6, 15–19. 1 Ch. 1:8, 13–16. told. 2 Sa. 1:19, 20. Ps. 35:20, 21; 40:15; 70:3. Pr. 25:9; 30:17. Ob. 12, 13. Mat. 18:15. 1 Co. 13:6. Ga. 6:1.
23 Ex. 20:12. Le. 19:32. Ro. 13:7. Ga. 6:1. 1 Ti. 5:1, 17, 19. 1 Pe. 2:17; 4:8.
25 Cursed. ver. 22; ch. 3:14; 4:11; 49:7. De. 27:16; 28:18. Mat. 25:41. Jno. 8:34. a servant. The devoted nations, which God destroyed before Israel, were descended from Canaan: and so were the Phœnicians and the Carthaginians, who were at length subjugated with dreadful destruction by the Greeks and Romans. The Africans, who have been bought and sold like beasts, were also his posterity. Jos. 9:23, 27. Ju. 1:28–30. 1 Ki. 9:20, 21. 2 Ch. 8:7, 8. Jno. 8:34.
26 Blessed. De. 33:26. Ps. 144:15. Ro. 9:5. the Lord. ch. 10:10–26; 12:1–3. Lu. 3:23–36. Sem. He. 11:16. his servant. or, servant to them. ch. 27:37, 40.
27 enlarge. or, persuade. Japheth. Japheth denotes enlargement, and how wonderfully have his boundaries been enlarged; for not only Europe, but Asia Minor, part of Armenia, Iberia, the whole of the vast regions of Asia north of Taurus, and probably America, fell to the share of his posterity. he shall dwell. These words may mean either that God or that Japheth shall dwell in the tents of Shem. In either sense the prophecy has been literally fulfilled. dwell. Is. 11:10. Ho. 2:14. Mal. 1:11. Ac. 17:14. Ro. 11:12; 15:12. Ep. 2:13, 14, 19; 3:6, 13. He. 11:9, 10.
29 A.M. 2006. B.C. 1998. nine. ch. 5:5, 20, 27, 32; 11:11–25. Ps. 90:10.


  CHAP. 10

  The generations of Noah, 1. Japheth, 2–5. Ham, 6, 7. Nimrod the first monarch, and the descendants of Canaan, 8–20. The sons of Shem, 21–32.

1 are the. ch. 2:4; 5:1; 6:9. Mat. 1:1. and unto. ch. 9:1, 7, 19.
2 ver. 21. 1 Ch. 1:5–7. Is. 66:19. Eze. 27:7, 12–14, 19; 38:2, 6, 15; 39:1. Re. 20:8.
4 A.M. 1666. B.C. 2338. Kittim. Nu. 24:24. Is. 23:1, 12. Da. 11:30. Chittim. Dodanim. or, Rodanim.
5 A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. isles. ver. 25. Ps. 72:10. Is. 24:15; 40:15; 41:5; 42:4, 10; 49:1; 51:5; 59:18; 60:9. Je. 2:10; 25:22. Zep. 2:11. after his. ver. 20; ch. 11:1–9.
6 A.M. 1676. B.C. 2228. And the. ch. 9:22. 1 Ch. 1:8–16; 4:40. Ps. 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:22. Ham. HAM signifies burnt or black; and this name was peculiarly significant of the regions allotted to his family. To the Cushites, or descendants of Cush, were allotted the hot southern regions of Asia, along the shores of the Persian Gulf, Susiana or Chusistan, etc.; to the sons of Canaan, Palestine and Syria; to the sons of Mizraim, Egypt and Libya, in Africa. Cush. Is. 11:11. Phut. Je. 46:9, marg. Eze. 27:10.
7 Seba. Ps. 72:10. Havilah. ch. 2:11. Sheba. 1 Ki. 10:1. Eze. 27:22. Dedan. Is. 21:13. Eze. 27:15.
8 A.M. 1715. B.C. 2289. Nimrod. Mi. 5:6.
9 a mighty. ch. 6:4; 25:27; 27:30. Je. 16:16. Eze. 13:18. Mi. 7:2. before the Lord. ch. 6:11; 13:13. Even. 2 Ch. 28:22. Ps. 52:7.
10 A.M. 1745. B.C. 2269. And the. Je. 50:21. Mi. 5:6. Babel. Gr. Babylon. ch. 11:9. Is. 39:1. Mi. 4:10. Calneh. Is. 10:9. Am. 6:2. Shinar. ch. 11:2; 14:1. Is. 11:11. Da. 1:2. Zec. 5:11.
11 A.M. 1700. B.C. 2304. went forth Asshur. or, he went out into Assyria. Mi. 5:6. Asshur. Nu. 24:22, 24. Ezr. 4:2. Ps. 83:8. Eze. 27:23; 32:22. Ho. 14:3. Nineveh. 2 Ki. 19:36. Is. 37:37. Jon. 1:2; ch. 3. Na. 1:1; 2:8; 3:7. Zep. 2:13. the city of. or, the streets of the city.
13 Ludim. 1 Ch. 1:11, 12. Je. 46:9. Eze. 30:5.
14 Pathrusim. Is. 11:11. Je. 44:1. Philistim. 1 Ch. 1:12. Je. 47:4. Caphtorim. De. 2:23. Je. 47:4. Am. 9:7.
15 Canaan. 1 Ch. 1:13. Sidon. Heb. Tzidon. ch. 49:13. Jos. 11:8. Is. 23:4. Zidon. Heth. ch. 15:18–21; 28:3–20. Ex. 3:8; 34:11. Nu. 34:2–15. Jos. 12:8–24. 2 Sa. 11:3.
16 Jebusite. Ju. 1:21. 2 Sa. 24:18. Zec. 9:7.
17 Hivite. ch. 34:2.
18 Arvadite. Eze. 27:8. Zemarite. Jos. 18:22. 2 Ch. 13:4. Hamathite. Nu. 34:8. 2 Sa. 8:9. 2 Ki. 17:24, 30. Is. 10:9. Eze. 47:16, 17. Zec. 9:2.
19 And the. ch. 13:12–17; 15:18–21. Nu. 34:2–15. De. 32:8. Jos. 12:7, 8; ch. 14–21. as thou comest. ch. 13:10. Gerar. ch. 20:1; 26:1. Gaza. Heb. Azzah. Ju. 16:1. Je. 25:20. Sodom. ch. 13:10–13; 14:2; 18:20; 19:24, 25. Ho. 11:8.
20 ver. 6; ch. 11:1–9.
21 Shem. SHEM signifies name or renown; and his, indeed, was great both in a temporal and spiritual sense, inasmuch as he was destined to be the lineal ancestor of the promised Seed of the woman, to which Noah might allude in his pious ejaculation, ch. 9:26. the father, ch. 11:10–26. Eber. Nu. 24:24. the brother. ver. 2.
22 children. ch. 9:26. 1 Ch. 1:17–27. Elam. ch. 14:1–9. 2 Ki. 15:19. Job 1:17. Is. 11:11; 21:2; 22:6. Je. 25:25; 49:34–39. Ac. 2:9. Arphaxad. Heb. Arpachshad. Lud. Is. 66:19. Aram. Nu. 23:7.
23 Uz. Job 1:1. Je. 25:20.
24 Salah. Heb. Shelah. ch. 11:12–15.
25 A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. Eber. ver. 21. 1 Ch. 1:19. the name. ch. 11:16–19. Lu. 3:35, 36. Peleg. i.e. division. in. ver. 32. De. 32:8. Ac. 17:26.
26, 27, 1 Ch. 1:20–28.
28 A.M. cir. 1797. B.C. cir. 2207. ch. 25:3. 1 Ki. 10:1. 1 Ch. 1:20–28.
29 Ophir. 1 Ki. 9:28; 22:48. 1 Ch. 8:18; 9:10, 13. Job 22:24; 28:16. Ps. 45:9. Is. 13:12. Havilah. ch. 2:11; 25:18. 1 Sa. 15:7.
30 mount of the east. Nu. 23:7.
31 ver. 5, 20. Ac. 17:26.
32 are the. ver. 1, 20, 31. ch. 5:29–31. and by. Any man who can barely read his Bible, and has but heard of such people as the Assyrians, Elamites, Lydians, Medes, Ionians, and Thracians, will readily acknowledge that Asshur, Elam, Lud, Madai, Javan, and Tiras, grandsons of Noah, were their respective founders. nations. ver. 25; ch. 9:1, 7, 19. Ac. 17:26.


  CHAP. 11

  One language in the world, 1. The building of Babel, 2–4. It is interrupted by the confusion of tongues, and the builders dispersed, 5–9. The generations of Shem, 10–26. The generations of Terah, the father of Abram, 27–30. Terah, with Abram and Lot, remove from Ur to Haran, 31, 32.

1 A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. was. Is. 19:18. Zep. 3:9. Ac. 2:6. language. Heb. lip. speech. Heb. words.
2 from the east. or, eastward. ch. 13:11. Shinar See on ver. 9; ch. 10:10; 14:1. Is. 11:11. Da. 1:2 Zec. 5:11.
3 they said one to another. Heb. a man said to his neighbour. Go to. ver. 4, 7. Ps. 64:5. Pr. 1:11. Ec. 2:1. Is. 5:5; 41:6, 7. Ja. 4:13; 5:1. not as. He. 3:13; 10:24. burn throughly. Heb. burn to a burning. brick. Ex. 1:14; 5:7–18. 2 Sa. 12:31. Is. 9:10; 65:3. Na. 3:14. slime. ch. 14:10. Ex. 2:3.
4 whose. De. 1:28; 9:1. Da. 4:11, 22. and let. 2 Sa. 8:13. Ps. 49:11–13. Pr. 10:7. Da. 4:30. Jno. 5:44. lest. ver. 8, 9. Ps. 92:9. Lu. 1:51.
5 ch. 18:21. Ex. 19:11. Ps. 11:4; 33:13, 14. Je. 23:23, 24. Jno. 3:13. He. 4:13.
6 Behold. ch. 3:22. Ju. 10:14. 1 Ki. 18:27. Ec. 11:9. the people. ver. 1; ch. 9:19. Ac. 17:26. imagined. ch. 6:5; 8:21. Ps. 2:1–4. Lu. 1:51.
7 Go to. The Hebrew word signifies. ‘Come,’ or make preparation,’ as for a journey or the execution of a purpose. let. ver. 5; ch. 1:26; 3:22. Is. 6:8. confound. Job 5:12, 13; 12:20. Ps. 2:4; 33:10. Ac. 2:4–11. may. ch. 10:5, 20, 32; 42:23. De. 28:49. Ps. 55:9. Je. 5:15. 1 Cor. 14:2–11, 23.
8 Lord. ver. 4, 9; ch. 49:7. De. 32:8. Lu. 1:51. upon. ch. 10:25, 32.
9 Babel. that is, Confusion. The tower of Babel, Herodotus informs us, was a furlong, or 660 feet, in length and breadth; and, according to Strabo, it rose to the same altitude. It was of a pyramidical form, consisting of eight square towers, gradually decreasing in breadth, with a winding ascent on the outside, so very broad as to allow horses and carriages to pass each other, and even to turn. This magnificent structure is so completely destroyed that its very site is doubtful; and when supposed to be discovered, in all cases exhibiting a heap of rubbish. ch. 10:5, 10, 20, 31. Is. ch. 13; 14. Je. ch. 50; 51. 1 Co. 14:23. the face. ch. 10:25, 32. Ac. 17:26.
10 A.M. 1658. B.C. 2346. ver. 27; ch. 10:21, 22. 1 Ch. 1:17–27. Lu. 3:34–36.
11 A.M. 2158. B.C. 1846. Shem. ch. 5:4, etc. begat sons. ch. 1:28; 5:4; 9:7. Ps. 127:3, 4; 128:3, 4; 144:12.
12 A.M. 1693. B.C. 2311. begat. Lu. 3:36.
13 A.M. 2096. B.C. 1908.
14 A.M. 1723. B.C. 2281.
15 A.M. 2126. B.C. 1878.
16 A.M. 1757. B.C. 2247. Eber. ch. 10:21, 25. Nu. 24:24. 1 Ch. 1:19. Peleg. Lu. 3:35. Phalec.
17 A.M. 2187. B.C. 1817.
18 A.M. 1787. B.C. 2217. Reu. Lu. 3:35. Ragau.
19 A.M. 1996. B.C. 2008.
20 A.M. 1819. B.C. 2185. Serug. Lu. 3:35. Saruch.
21 A.M. 2026. B.C. 1978.
22 A.M. 1849. B.C. 2155. Nahor. Jos. 24:2. Nachor.
23 A.M. 2049. B.C. 1955.
24 A.M. 1878. B.C. 2126. Terah. Lu. 3:34. Thara.
25 A.M. 1997. B.C. 2007.
26 A.M. 1948. B.C. 2056. Abram. ch. 12:4, 5; 22:20–24; 29:4, 5. Jos. 24:2. 1 Ch. 1:26, 27.
27 A.M. 2008. B.C. 1996. Lot. ver. 31; ch. 12:4; 13:1–11; 14:12; 19:1–29. 2 Pe. 2:7.
28 Ur. ch. 15:7. Ne. 9:7. Ac. 7:2–4.
29 Sarai. ch. 17:15; 20:12. Milcah. ch. 22:20; 24:15. Iscah. Iscah is called the daughter-in-law of Terah, (ver. 31,) as being Abram’s wife; yet Abram afterwards said, “she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother.” (ch. 20:12.) Probably Haran was the eldest son of Terah, and Abram his youngest by another wife: and thus Sarai was the daughter, or grand-daughter of Terah, Abram’s father, but not of his mother.
30 barren. ch. 15:2, 3; 16:1, 2; 18:11, 12; 21:1, 2; 25:21; 29:31; 30:1, 2. Ju. 13:2. 1 Sam. 1:2. Ps. 113:9. Lu. 1:7, 36.
31 A.M. 2078. B.C. 1926. took. ver. 26, 27; 12:1. they went. ver. 28; ch. 12:1. Jos. 24:2, 3. Heb. 11:8. Ur. Ur was probably the place called Ouri, in Mesopotamia, two days’ journey from Nisibis, in the way to the river Tigris. Jos. 24:2. Ne. 9:7. Ac. 7:2–4. the land. ch. 10:19; 24:10. B.C. cir. 1923. A.M. cir. 2081. Haran. ver. 32; ch. 12:4; 24:10, 15; 27:43; 29:4, 5. Ac. 7:2–4. Charran.
32 A.M. 2083. B.C. 1921.


  CHAP. 12

  God calls Abram, and blesses him with a promise of Christ, 1–3. He departs with Lot from Haran, and comes to Canaan, 4, 5. He journeys through Canaan, 6, which is promised him in a vision, 7–9. He is driven by a famine into Egypt, 10. Fear makes him feign his wife to be his sister, 11–13. Pharaoh, having taken her from him, by plagues is compelled to restore her, 14–17. He reproves Abram, whom he dismisses, 18–20.

1 had. ch. 11:31, 32; 15:7. Ne. 9:7. Is. 41:9; 51:2. Eze. 33:24. Get. Jos. 24:2, 3. Ps. 45:10, 11. Lu. 14:26–33. Ac. 7:2–6. 2 Co. 6:17. Heb. 11:8. Re. 18:4.
2 ch. 13:16; 15:5; 17:5, 6; 18:18; 22:17, 18; 24:35; 26:4; 27:29; 28:3, 14; 35:11; 46:3. Ex. 1:7; 32:10. Nu. 14:12; 24:9, 10. De. 26:5. 2 Sa. 7:9. 1 Ki. 3:8, 9. Mic. 7:20. Ro. 4:11. Ga. 3:7. thou shalt. ch. 14:14–16; 18:18; 19:29; 28:4. 1 Ki. 1:47. Gal. 3:14.
3 And I. ch. 27:29. Ex. 23:22. Nu. 24:9. Mat. 25:40, 45. in thee. ch. 18:18; 22:18; 26:4; 28:14; 30:27, 30; 39:5. Ps. 72:17. Ac. 3:25, 26. Ro. 4:11. 1 Co. 1:30. Ga. 3:8, 16, 28. Ep. 1:3. Col. 3:11. Re. 7:9.
4 and Lot. ch. 11:27. departed out. He. 11:8.
5 the souls. ch. 14:14, 21, marg.; 46:5–26. in. ch. 11:31. and into. ch. 10:19. Ac. 7:4. He. 11:8, 9. Canaan. So called from Canaan the son of Ham, lies between the Mediterranean sea on the west, the wilderness of Paran, Idumea, and Egypt on the south, the mountains of Arabia on the east, and the mountains of Lebanon and Phœnicia on the north. Its length, from Dan to Beersheba, is about 200 miles, and its breadth, from the Mediterranean sea to its eastern borders, about 90.
6 passed. He. 11:9. Sichem. ch. 33:18; 34:2; 35:4. Jos. 20:7; 24:32. Ju. 9:1. 1 Ki. 12:1. Shechem. Jno. 4:5. Sychar. Ac. 7:16. Sychem. plain. The word rendered ‘plain’ should be rendered ‘oak,’ or according to CELSIUS, the turpentinetree.’ Moreh. De. 11:30. Ju. 7:1. Canaanite. ch. 10:15, 18, 19; 13:7; 15:18–21.
7 appeared. ch. 17:1; 18:1; 32:30. Unto thy. ch. 13:15; 17:3, 8; 26:3; 28:13. Ex. 33:1. Nu. 32:11. De. 1:8; 6:10; 30:20. Ps. 105:9–12. Ro. 9:8. Ga. 3:16; 4:28. builded. ver. 8; ch. 8:20; 13:4, 18; 26:25; 33:20. He. 11:13.
8 of Beth-el. ch. 28:19; 35:3, 15, 16. Jos. 8:17; 18:22. Ne. 11:31. Hai. Jos. 7:2; 8:3. Ai. Ne. 11:31. Aija. Is. 10:28. Aiath. called. ch. 4:26; 13:4; 21:33. Ps. 116:4. Joel 2:32. Ac. 2:21. Ro. 10:12–14. 1 Co. 1:2.
9 going on still. Heb. in going and journeying. ch. 13:3; 24:62. Ps. 105:13. He. 11:13, 14.
10 A.M. 2084. B.C. 1920. was a. ch. 26:1; 42:5; 43:1; 47:13. Ru. 1:1. 2 Sa. 21:1. 1 Ki. ch. 17; 18. 2 Ki. 4:38; 6:25; ch. 7; 8:1. Ps. 34:19; 107:34. Je. 14:1. Jno. 16:33. Ac. 7:11; 14:22. went. ch. 26:2, 3; 43:1; 46:3, 4. 2 Ki. 8:1, 2. Ps. 105:13.
11 a fair. ver. 14; ch. 26:7; 29:17; 39:6, 7. 2 Sa. 11:2. Pr. 21:30. Ca. 1:14.
12 will kill. ch. 20:11; 26:7. 1 Sa. 27:1. Pr. 29:25. Mat. 10:28. 1 Jno. 1:8–10.
13 Say. Jno. 8:44. Ro. 3:6–8; 6:23. Col. 3:6. thou. ch. 11:29; 20:2, 5, 12, 13; 26:7. Is. 57:11. Mat. 26:69–75. Ga. 2:12, 13. and. Ps. 146:3–5. Je. 17:5–8. Eze. 18:4.
14 beheld. ch. 3:6; 6:2; 39:7. Mat. 5:28.
15 princes. Es. 2:2–16. Pr. 29:12. Ho. 7:4, 5. Pharaoh was a common name of the Egyptian kings, and signified a ‘ruler,’ or ‘king,’ or ‘father of his country.’ ch. 40:2; 41:1. Ex. 2:5, 15. 1 Ki. 3:1. 2 Ki. 18:21. Je. 25:19; 46:17. Eze. 32:2. taken. ch. 20:2. Es. 2:9. Ps. 105:4. Pr. 6:29. He. 13:4.
16 And he. ch. 13:2; 20:14. he had. ch. 24:35; 26:14; 32:5, 13–15. Job. 1:3; 42:12. Ps. 144:13, 14.
17 ch. 20:18. 1 Ch. 16:21; 21:22. Job 34:19. Ps. 105:14, 15. He. 13:4.
18 ch. 3:13; 4:10; 20:9, 10; 26:9–11; 31:26; 44:15. Ex. 32:21. Jos. 7:19. 1 Sa. 14:43. Pr. 21:1.
20 Ex. 18:27. 1 Sa. 29:6–11. Ps. 105:14, 15. Pr. 21:1.


  CHAP. 13

  Abram and Lot return with great riches out of Egypt, 1–5. Strife arises between Abram’s herdsmen and those of Lot, 6, 7. Abram meekly refers it to Lot to choose his part of the country, 8, 9, and Lot goes to Sodom, 10–13. God renews the promise to Abram, 14–17. He removes to Hebron, and there builds an altar, 18.

1 A.M. 2086. B.C. 1918. the south. The south of Canaan; as in leaving Egypt, it is said he ‘came from the south,’ (ver. 3,) and the southern part of the promised land lay north-east of Egypt. ch. 12:9, etc.; 20:1; 21:33. Jos. 10:40; 18:5. 1 Sa. 27:10; 2 Sa. 24:7.
2 ch. 24:35; 26:12, 13. De. 8:18. 1 Sa. 2:7. Job 1:3, 10; 22:21–25. Ps. 112:1–3. Pr. 3:9, 10; 10:22. Mat. 6:33. 1 Ti. 4:8.
3 from. ch. 12:6, 8, 9. Beth-el and Hai. i.e. The place which was afterwards called Bethel by Jacob, and so called when Moses wrote; for its first name was Luz. (ch. 28:19.)
4 Unto. ver. 18; ch. 12:7, 8; 35:1–3. Ps. 26:8; 42:1, 2; 84:1, 2, 10. called. ch. 4:26. Ps. 65:1, 2; 107:1, 8, 15; 116:2, 17; 145:18. Is. 58:9. Je. 29:12. Zep. 3:9. 1 Co. 1:2. Ep. 6:18, 19.
5 tents. ch. 4:20; 25:27. Je. 49:29.
6 ch. 36:6, 7. Ec. 5:10, 11. Lu. 12:17, 18. 1 Ti. 6:9.
7 a strife. ch. 21:25; 26:20. Ex. 2:17. 1 Co. 3:3. Ga. 5:20. Tit. 3:3. Ja. 3:16; 4:1. Canaanite. ch. 10:19; 12:6; 15:18–21; 34:30. Ne. 5:9. Phi. 2:14, 15. Col. 4:5. 1 Th. 4:12. 1 Pe. 2:12. dwelled. i.e. They were there when Abram and Lot came to pitch their tents in the land.
8 Let. Pr. 15:1. Mat. 5:9. 1 Co. 6:6, 7. Phi. 2:14. He. 12:14. Ja. 3:17, 18. brethren. Heb. men, brethren, ch. 11:27–31; 45:24. Ex. 2:13. Ps. 133:1. Ac. 7:26. Ro. 12:10. Ep. 4:2, 3. 1 Th. 4:9. He. 13:1. 1 Pe. 1:22; 2:17; 3:8; 4:8. 2 Pe. 1:7. 1 Jno. 2:9–11; 3:14–19; 4:7, 20, 21.
9 Is not. ch. 20:15; 34:10. if thou wilt. Ps. 120:7. Ro. 12:18. 1 Co. 6:7. He. 12:14. Ja. 3:13–18. 1 Pe. 3:8–12.
10 and beheld. ch. 3:6; 6:2. Nu. 32:1, etc. 1 Jno. 2:15, 16. the plain. ch. 19:17, 24, 25. De. 34:3. 1 Ki. 7:46. Ps. 107:34. 1 Jno. 2:15. the garden. ch. 2:9, 10. Is. 51:3. Eze. 28:13; 31:8. Joel 2:3. Zoar. ch. 14:2, 8; 19:20, 22–30. De. 34:3. Is. 15:5. Je. 48:34. Instead of ‘Zoar,’ which was situated at the extremity of the plain of Jordan, the Syriac reads ‘Zoan,’ which was situated in the south of Egypt, and in a well-watered country.
11 A.M. 2087. B.C. 1917. chose. ch. 19:17. they. ver. 9, 14. Ps. 16:3; 119:63. Pr. 27:10. He. 10:25. 1 Pe. 2:17.
12 Lot dwelled. ch. 19:29. pitched. ch. 14:12; 19:1. Ps. 26:5. 1 Co. 15:33. 2 Pe. 2:7, 8.
13 But the. ch. 15:16; 18:20; 19:4, etc. 1 Sa. 15:18. Is. 1:9; 3:9. Eze. 16:46–50. Mat. 9:10, 13; 11:23, 24. Jno. 9:24, 31. Ro. 1:27. 2 Pe. 2:6–8, 10. Jude 7. before. ch. 6:11; 10:9; 38:7. 2 Ki. 21:6. Is. 3:8. Je. 23:24. He. 4:13.
14 was. ver. 11. Lift. ver. 10. Is. 49:18; 60:4. northward. ch. 28:14. De. 3:27.
15 ch. 12:7; 15:18; 17:7, 8; 18:18; 24:7; 26:3, 4; 28:4, 13; 35:12; 48:4. Ex. 33:1. Nu. 34:2, 12, etc. De. 26:2–4; 34:4. 2 Ch. 20:7. Ne. 9:7, 8. Ps. 37:22, 29; 105:9–12; 112:1, 2. Is. 63:18. Mat. 5:5. Ac. 7:5.
16 ch. 12:2, 3; 15:5; 17:6, 16, 20; 18:18; 21:13; 22:17; ch. 25; 26:4; 28:3, 14; 32:12; 35:11; ch. 36; 46:3. Ex. 1:7; 32:13. Nu. 23:10. De. 1:10. Ju. 6:3, 5. 1 Ki. 3:8; 4:20. 1 Ch. 21:5; 27:23. 2 Ch. 17:14–18. Is. 48:18, 19. Je. 33:22. Ro. 4:16–18. He. 11:12. Re. 7:9.
18 plain. Heb. plains. Mamre. ch. 14:13; 18:1. Hebron. ch. 23:2; 35:27; 37:14. Nu. 13:22. Jos. 14:13. altar. ver. 4; ch. 8:20; 12:7, 8. Ps. 16:8. 1 Ti. 2:8.


  CHAP. 14

  The battle of four kings against the king of Sodom and his allies, 1–11. Lot is taken prisoner, 12, 13. Abram rescues him, 14–16. Melchizedek blesses Abram at his return, who gives him tithes, 17–20. The rest of the spoil, his partners having had their portions he restores to the king of Sodom, 21–24.

1 A.M. 2091. B.C. 1913. Shinar. ch. 10:10; 11:2. Is. 11:11. Da. 1:2. Zec. 5:11. Ellasar. Is. 37:12. Elam. ch. 10:22. Is. 21:2; 22:6. Je. 25:25; 49:34–39. Eze. 32:24.
2 Sodom. ch. 10:19; 13:10; 19:24. Is. 1:9, 10. Admah. De. 29:23. Ho. 11:8. Zeboiim. 1 Sa. 13:18. Ne. 11:34. Zoar. ch. 19:20–30. De. 34:3. Is. 15:5. Je. 48:34.
3 salt sea. ch. 19:24. Nu. 34:12. De. 3:17. Jos. 3:16. Ps. 107:34, marg.
4 they served. ch. 9:25, 26. they rebelled. Eze. 17:15.
5 Rephaims. ch. 15:20. De. 3:11, 20, 22. 2 Sa. 5:18, 22; 23:13. 1 Ch. 11:15; 14:9. Is. 17:5. Ashteroth. The same as Ashteroth, a city of Bashan, where Og afterwards reigned. De. 1:4. Jos. 12:4; 13:12, 31. Zuzims. De. 2:20–23. 1 Ch. 4:40. Ps. 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:22. Emims. De. 2:10, 11. Shaveh Kiriathaim. or, the plains of Kiriathaim; Kiriathaim was beyond Jordan, 10 miles west-ward from Medeba, and afterwards belonged to Sihon, king of Heshbon. Jos. 13:19. Je. 48:1, 23.
6 Horites. ch. 36:8, 20–30. De. 2:12, 22. 1 Ch. 1:38–42. El-paran. or, the plain of Paran. ch. 16:7; 21:21. Nu. 12:16; 13:3. Hab. 3:3.
7 Kadesh. En-mishpat or Kadesh, was about 8 leagues south of Hebron. ch. 16:14; 20:1. Nu. 20:1. De. 1:19, 46. Amalekites. ch. 36:12, 16. Ex. 17:8–16. Nu. 14:43, 45; 24:20. 1 Sa. ch. 15; 27; 30. Hazezontamar. Called by the Chaldee, ‘En-gaddi,’ a town on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Jos. 15:62. 2 Ch. 20:2.
8 same. ver. 2; ch. 13:10; 19:20, 22. in. ver. 3, 10.
9 See ver. 1.
10 slime pits. Places where asphaltus or bitumen sprung out of the ground: this substance, which is properly denoted by the word ‘slime,’ abounds in those parts. ch. 11:3. fell. Jos. 8:24. Ps. 83:10. Is. 24:18. Je. 48:44. the mountain. ch. 19:17, 30.
11 ver. 16, 21; ch. 12:5. De. 28:31, 35, 51.
12 Lot. ch. 11:27; 12:5. who. ch. 13:12, 13. Nu. 16:26. Job 9:23. Je. 2:17–19. 1 Ti. 6:9–11. Re. 3:19; 18:4.
13 one. 1 Sa. 4:12. Job 1:15. the. ch. 39:14; 40:15; 41:12; 43:32. Ex. 2:6, 11. Jon. 1:9. 2 Co. 11:22. Phi. 2:5. dwelt. ch. 13:18. Mamre. ver. 24; ch. 13:18. Amorite. ch. 10:16. Nu. 21:21. and these. 24.
14 his brother. ch. 11:27–31; 13:8. Pr. 17:17; 24:11, 12. Ga. 6:1, 2. 1 Jno. 2:18. armed. or, led forth. Ps. 45:3–5; 68:12. Is. 41:2, 3. trained. or, instructed, born. ch. 12:5, 16; 15:3; 17:12, 27; 18:19; 23:6. Ec. 2:7. Dan. De. 34:1. Ju. 18:29; 20:1.
15 And he. Ps. 112:5. smote. Is. 41:2, 3. Damascus. ch. 15:2. 1 Ki. 15:18. Ac. 9:2.
16 ver. 11, 12; ch. 12:2. 1 Sa. 30:8, 18, 19. Is. 41:2.
17 to. Ju. 11:34. 1 Sa. 18:6. Pr. 14:20; 19:4. after. He. 7:1. king’s. 2 Sa. 18:18.
18 king. Ps. 76:2. He. 7:1, 2. bread. Mat. 26:26–29. Ga. 6:10. the priest. Ps. 110:4. He. 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:1, 3, 10–22. the most. Ru. 3:10. 2 Sa. 2:5. Ps. 7:17; 50:14; 57:2. Mi. 6:6. Ac. 7:48; 16:17.
19 he blessed. ch. 27:4, 25–29; 47:7, 10; 48:9–16; 49:28. Nu. 6:23–27. Mar. 10:16. He. 7:6, 7. Blessed be. Ru. 3:10. 2 Sa. 2:5. Ep. 1:3, 6. high. Mi. 6:6. Ac. 16:17. possessor. ver. 22; Ps. 24:1; 50:10; 115:16. Mat. 11:25. Lu. 10:21.
20 blessed. ch. 9:26; 24:27. Ps. 68:19; 72:17–19; 144:1. Ep. 1:3. 1 Pe. 1:3, 4. which. Jos. 10:42. Ps. 44:3. tithes. ch. 28:22. Le. 27:30–32. Nu. 28:26. De. 12:17; 14:23, 28. 2 Ch. 31:5, 6, 12. Ne. 10:37; 13:12. Am. 4:4. Mal. 3:8, 10. Lu. 18:12. Ro. 15:16. He. 7:4–9.
21 persons. Heb. souls.
22 lift. Ex. 6:8. De. 32:40. Da. 12:7. Re. 10:5, 6. unto. ch. 21:23–31. Ju. 11:35. the most. ver. 20; ch. 17:1. Ps. 24:1; 83:18. Is. 57:15. Da. 4:34. Hag. 2:8. possessor. ver. 19; ch. 21:33.
23 That I. 1 Ki. 13:8. 2 Ki. 5:16, 20. Es. 9:15, 16. 2 Co. 11:9–11; 12:14. lest. 2 Co. 11:12. He. 13:5.
24 Save. Pr. 3:27. Mat. 7:12. Ro. 13:7, 8. Aner. ver. 13. let. 1 Co. 9:14, 15. 1 Ti. 5:18.


  CHAP. 15

  God encourages Abram, who complains for want of an heir, 1–3. God promises him a son, and a multiplying of his seed, 4, 5. Abram is justified by faith, 6. Canaan is promised again, and confirmed by a sign, and a vision, prophetic of the condition of his posterity till brought out of Egypt, 7–21.

1 A.M. 2093. B.C. 1911. in. ch. 46:2. Nu. 12:6. 1 Sa. 9:9. Eze. 1:1; 3:4; 11:24. Da. 10:1–16. Ac. 10:10–17, 22. He. 1:1. Fear. ver. 14–16; ch. 26:24; 46:3. Ex. 14:13. De. 31:6. 1 Ch. 28:20. Ps. 27:1. Is. 35:4; 41:10, 14; 43:1, 5; 44:2, 8; 51:12. Da. 10:12. Mat. 8:26; 10:28–31; 28:5. Lu. 1:13, 30; 12:32. Re. 1:17. thy shield. De. 33:29. Ps. 3:3; 5:12; 18:2; 84:9, 11; 91:4; 119:114. Pr. 30:5. and thy. De. 33:26–29. Ru. 2:12. Ps. 16:5, 6; 58:11; 142:5. Pr. 11:18. La. 3:24. 1 Co. 3:22. He. 13:5, 6. Re. 21:3, 4.
2 what. ch. 12:1–3. childless. ch. 25:21; 30:1, 2. 1 Sa. 1:11. Ps. 127:3. Pr. 13:12. Is. 56:5. Ac. 7:5. the. ch. 24:2, 10; 39:4–6, 9; 43:19; 44:1. Pr. 17:2.
3 Behold. ch. 12:2; 13:16. Pr. 13:12. Je. 12:1. He. 10:35, 36. born. ch. 14:14. Pr. 29:21; 30:23. Ec. 2:7.
4 shall come. ch. 17:16; 21:12. 2 Sa. 7:12; 16:11. 2 Ch. 32:21. Phile. 12.
5 tell. De. 1:10. Ps. 147:4. Je. 33:22. Ro. 9:7, 8. So. ch. 12:2; 13:16; 16:10; 22:17; 28:14. Ex. 32:13. De. 1:10; 10:22. 1 Ch. 27:23. Ro. 4:18. He. 11:12.
6 he believed. Ro. 4:3–6, 9, 20–25. Ga. 3:6–14. He. 11:8. Ja. 2:23. he counted. Ps. 106:31. Ro. 4:11, 22. 2 Co. 5:19. Ga. 3:6.
7 brought. ch. 11:28–31; 12:1. Ne. 9:7. Ac. 7:2–4. to give. ch. 12:7; 13:15–17. Ne. 9:8. Ps. 105:11, 42, 44. Ro. 4:13.
8 ch. 24:2–4, 13, 14. Ju. 6:17–24, 36–40. 1 Sa. 14:9, 10. 2 Ki. 20:8. Ps. 86:17. Is. 7:11. Lu. 1:18, 34.
9 ch. 22:13. Le. 1:3, 10, 14; 3:1, 6; 9:2, 4; 12:8; 14:22, 30. Ps. 50:5. Is. 15:5. Lu. 2:24.
10 divided them. Je. 34:18, 19. 2 Ti. 2:15. the birds. Le. 1:17.
11 fowls. Eze. 17:3, 7. Mat. 13:4. Abram. Ps. 119:13.
12 deep. ch. 2:21. 1 Sa. 26:12. Job 4:13, 14; 33:15. Da. 10:8, 9. Ac. 20:9. horror. Ps. 4:3–5. Ac. 9:8, 9.
13 thy. ch. 17:8. Ex. ch. 1; 2; 5; 22:21; 23:9. Le. 19:34. De. 10:19. Ps. 105:11, 12, 23–25. Ac. 7:6, 7. He. 11:8–13. four. Ex. 12:40, 41. Ga. 3:17.
14 that. ch. 46. Ex. 6:5, 6; ch. 7–14. De. 4:20; 6:22; 7:18, 19; 11:2–4. Jos. 24:4–7, 17. 1 Sa. 12:8. Ne. 9:9–11. Ps. 51:4; 78:43–51; 105:27–37; 135:9, 14. with. Ex. 3:21, 22; 12:35, 36. Ps. 105:37.
15 And thou. ch. 25:8. Nu. 20:24; 27:13. Ju. 2:10. Job 5:26. Ec. 12:7. Ac. 13:36. in peace. 2 Ch. 34:28. Ps. 37:37. Is. 57:1, 2. Da. 12:13. Mat. 22:32. He. 6:13–19; 11:13–16. buried. ch. 23:4, 19; 25:8, 9; 35:29; 49:29, 31; 50:13. Ec. 6:3. Je. 8:1, 2. good. ch. 25:7, 8. 1 Ch. 23:1; 29:28. Job 5:26; 42:17.
16 in the. Ex. 12:40. Amorites. 1 Ki. 21:26. 2 Pe. 3:8, 9. not. Da. 8:23. Zec. 5:5–11. Mat. 23:32–35. 1 Th. 2:16.
17 smoking. Ex. 3:2, 3. De. 4:20. Ju. 6:21; 13:20. 1 Ch. 21:26. Is. 62:1. Je. 11:4. a burning lamp. Heb. a lamp of fire. 2 Sa. 22:9. passed. Je. 34:18, 19.
18 made. ch. 9:8–17; ch. 17; 24:7. 2 Sa. 23:5. Is. 55:3. Je. 31:31–34; 32:40; 33:20–26. Ga. 3:15–17. Heb. 13:20. Unto thy. ch. 12:7; 13:15; 17:8; 26:4; 28:4, 13, 14; 35:12; 50:24. Ex. 3:8; 6:4; 23:23, 27–31; 34:11. Nu. 34:3. De. 1:7, 8; 7:1; 11:24; 34:4. Jos. 1:3, 4; ch. 12; 19. 1 Ki. 4:21. 2 Ch. 9:26. Ne. 9:8. Ps. 105:11. from. Nu. 34:5. Jos. 15:4. Is. 27:12. Euphrates. ch. 2:14. 2 Sa. 8:3. 1 Ch. 5:9.
19 Kenites. Nu. 24:21, 22.
20 Rephaims. ch. 14:5. Is. 17:5.
21 Amorites. ch. 10:15–19. Ex. 23:23–28; 33:2; 34:11. De. 7:1. Girgashites. Mat. 8:28.


  CHAP. 16

  Sarai, being barren, gives Hagar to Abram, 1–3. Hagar, being afflicted for despising her mistress, runs away, 4–6. An angel commands her to return and submit herself, promises her a numerous posterity, and shews their character and condition, 7–12. Hagar names the place, and returns to Sarai, 13, 14. Ishmael is born, 15. The age of Abram, 16.

1 A.M. 2092. B.C. 1912. bare. ch. 15:2, 3; 21:10, 12; 25:21. Ju. 13:2. Lu. 1:7, 36. Egyptian. ch. 12:16; 21:9, 21. name. Ga. 4:24. Agar.
2 the Lord. ch. 17:16; 18:10; 20:18; 25:21; 30:2, 3, 9, 22. Ps. 127:3. obtain children. Heb. be builded. ch. 30:3, 6. Ex. 21:4. Ru. 4:11. hearkened. ch. 3:1–6, 12, 17.
3 A.M. 2093. B.C. 1911. had. ch. 12:4, 5. gave. ver. 5; ch. 30:4, 9. his. ch. 25:6; 28:9; 32:22; 35:22. Ju. 19:1–4. 2 Sa. 5:13. 1 Ki. 11:3. Ga. 4:25.
4 her mistress. 1 Sa. 1:6–8. 2 Sa. 6:16. Pr. 30:20, 21, 23. 1 Co. 4:6; 13:4, 5.
5 My wrong. Lu. 10:40, 41. the Lord. ch. 31:53. Ex. 5:21. 1 Sa. 24:12–15. 2 Ch. 24:22. Ps. 7:8; 35:23; 43:1.
6 Abram. ch. 13:8, 9. Pr. 14:29; 15:1, 17, 18. 1 Pe. 3:7. in. ch. 24:10. Job. 2:6. Ps. 106:41, 42. Je. 38:5. as it pleaseth thee. Heb. that which is good in thine eyes. dealt hardly with her. Heb. afflicted her. Pr. 29:19. fled. Ex. 2:15. Pr. 27:8. Ec. 10:4.
7 found. Pr. 15:3. the fountain. ch. 25:18. Ex. 15:22. 1 Sa. 15:7. Shur. The desert of Shur being between the south of Canaan, where Hebron was situated, and Egypt, it is likely that Hagar was returning to her own country.
8 Sarai’s maid. ver. 1, 4. Ep. 6:5–8. 1 Ti. 6:1, 2. whence. ch. 3:9; 4:10. Ec. 10:4. Je. 2:17, 18. I flee. 1 Sa. 26:19.
9 submit. Ec. 10:4. Ep. 5:21; 6:5, 6. Ti. 2:9. 1 Pe. 2:18–25; 5:5, 6.
10 the angel. ch. 22:15–18; 31:11–13; 32:24–30; 48:15, 16. Ex. 3:2–6. Ju. 2:1–3; 6:11, 16, 21–24; 13:16–22. Is. 63:9. Ho. 12:3–5. Zec. 2:3, 9. Mal. 3:1. Jno. 1:18. Ac. 7:30–38. 1 Ti. 6:16. I will. ch. 17:20; 21:13, 16; 25:12–18. Ps. 83:6, 7.
11 shalt. ch. 17:19; 29:32–35. Is. 7:14. Mat. 1:21–23. Lu. 1:13, 31, 63. Ishmael. i.e. God shall hear. because. ch. 41:51, 52. 1 Sa. 1:20. hath. ch. 29:32, 33. Ex. 2:23, 24; 3:7. Job 38:41. Ps. 22:24.
12 be a. ch. 21:20. Job 11:12; 39:5–8. wild. The word rendered ‘wild’ also denotes the ‘wild ass;’ the description of which animal in Job 39:5–8, affords the very best representation of the wandering, lawless, freebooting life of the Bedouin and other Arabs, the descendants of Ishmael. his hand. ch. 27:40. he shall. ch. 25:18.
13 called. ver. 7, 9, 10; 22:14; 28:17, 19; 32:30. Ju. 6:24. Thou. ch. 32:30. Ex. 33:18–23; 34:5–7. Ps. 139:1–12. Pr. 5:21; 15:3. him that. ch. 31:42.
14 Beer-lahai-roi. that is, The well of him that liveth and seeth me. ch. 21:31; 24:62; 25:11. Kadesh. Nu. 13:26.
15 A.M. 2094. B.C. 1910. Hagar. ver. 11; ch. 25:12. 1 Ch. 1:28. Ga. 4:22, 23. Ishmael. ch. 17:18, 20, 25, 26; 21:9–21; 25:9, 12; 28:9; 37:27.


  CHAP. 17

  God renews the covenant with Abram, and changes his name to Abraham, in token of a greater blessing, 1–8. Circumcision is instituted, 9–14. Sarai’s name is changed to Sarah, and she is blessed, 15, 16. Isaac is promised, and the time of his birth fixed, 17–22. Abraham and Ishmael are circumcised, 23–27.

1 A.M. 2107. B.C. 1897. was. ch. 16:16. the Lord. ch. 12:1. Almighty. ch. 18:14; 28:3; 35:11. Ex. 6:3. Nu. 11:23. De. 10:17. Job 11:7. Ps. 115:3. Je. 32:17. Da. 4:35. Mat. 19:26. Ep. 3:20. Phi. 4:13. He. 7:25. walk. ch. 5:22, 24; 6:9; 48:15. 1 Ki. 2:4; 3:6; 8:25. 2 Ki. 20:3. Ps. 116:9. Is. 38:3. Mi. 6:8. Lu. 1:6. Ac. 23:1; 24:16. He. 12:28. perfect. or, upright, or sincere. ch. 6:9. De. 18:13. Job 1:1. Mat. 5:48.
2 And I. ver. 4–6; ch. 9:9; 15:18. Ps. 105:8–11. Ga. 3:17, 18. multiply. ch. 12:2; 13:16; 22:17.
3 ver. 17. Ex. 3:6. Le. 9:23, 24. Nu. 14:5; 16:22, 45. Jos. 5:14. Ju. 13:20. 1 Ki. 18:39. Eze. 1:28; 3:23; 9:8. Da. 8:17, 18; 10:9. Mat. 17:6. Re. 1:17.
4 a father. ch. 12:2; 13:16; 16:10; 22:17; 25:1–18; 32:12; 35:11; ch. 36. Nu. ch. 1; 26. Ro. 4:11–18. Ga. 3:28, 29. many nations. Heb. multitude of nations.
5 but thy name. ver. 15; ch. 32:28. Nu. 13:16. 2 Sa. 12:25. Ne. 9:7. Is. 62:2–4; 65:15. Je. 20:3; 23:6. Mat. 1:21–23. Jno. 1:42. Re. 2:17. Abraham. i.e. father of a great multitude. for. Ro. 4:17.
6 nations. ver. 4, 20; ch. 35:11. kings. ver. 16; ch. 36:31, etc. Ezr. 4:20. Mat. 1:6, etc.
7 And I. ch. 15:18; 26:24. Ex. 6:4. Ps. 105:8–11. Mi. 7:20. Lu. 1:54, 55, 72–75. Ro. 9:4, 8, 9. Ga. 3:17. Ep. 2:2. God. ch. 26:24; 28:13. Ex. 3:6, 15. Le. 26:12. Ps. 81:10. Eze. 28:26. Mat. 22:32. He. 8:10; 11:16. and to. Ex. 19:5, 6. Mar. 10:14. Ac. 2:39. Ro. 9:7–9.
8 And I. ch. 12:7; 13:15, 17; 15:7–21. Ps. 105:9, 11. wherein thou art a stranger. Heb. of thy sojournings. ch. 23:4; 28:4. everlasting. ch. 48:4. Ex. 21:6; 31:16, 17; 40:15. Le. 16:34. Nu. 25:13. De. 32:8. 2 Sa. 23:5. Ps. 103:17. He. 9:15. their. Ex. 6:7. Le. 26:12. De. 4:37; 14:2; 26:18; 29:13.
9 Ps. 25:10; 103:18. Is. 56:4, 5.
10 Every. ver. 11; ch. 34:15. Ex. 4:25; 12:48. De. 10:16; 30:6. Jos. 5:2, 4. Je. 4:4; 9:25, 26. Ac. 7:8. Ro. 2:28, 29; 3:1, 25, 28, 30; 4:9–11. 1 Co. 7:18, 19. Ga. 3:28; 5:3–6; 6:12. Ep. 2:11. Phi. 3:3. Col. 2:11, 12.
11 the flesh. Ex. 4:25. Jos. 5:3. 1 Sa. 18:25–27. 2 Sa. 3:14. a token. Ac. 7:8. Ro. 4:11.
12 he that is eight days old. Heb. a son of eight days. ch. 21:4. Le. 12:3. Lu. 1:59; 2:21. Jno. 7:22, 23. Ac. 7:8. Ro. 2:28. Phi. 3:5. is born. ver. 23; Ex. 12:48, 49.
13 born. ch. 14:14; 15:3. Ex. 12:44; 21:4. bought. ch. 37:27, 36; 39:1. Ex. 21:2, 16. Ne. 5:5, 8. Mat. 18:25.
14. cut. Ex. 4:24–26; 12:15, 19; 30:33, 38. Le. 7:20, 21, 25, 27; 18:29; 19:8. Nu. 15:30, 31. Jos. 5:2, etc. broken. Ps. 55:20. Is. 24:5; 33:8. Je. 11:10; 31:32. 1 Co. 11:27, 29.
15 As. ver. 5; ch. 32:28. 2 Sa. 12:25. Sarah. i.e. princess.
16 And I. ch. 1:28; 12:2; 24:60. Ro. 9:9. give. ch. 18:10–14. be a mother of nations. Heb. become nations. ch. 35:11. Ga. 4:26–31. 1 Pe. 3:6. kings. ver. 6. Is. 49:23.
17 fell. ver. 3. Le. 9:24. Nu. 14:5; 16:22, 45. De. 9:18, 25. Jos. 5:14; 7:6. Ju. 13:20. 1 Ch. 21:16. Job 1:20. Eze. 1:28. Da. 8:17. Mat. 2:11. Re. 5:8; 11:16. laughed. ch. 18:12; 21:6. Jno. 8:56. Ro. 4:19, 20.
18 O that. Je. 32:39. Ac. 2:39. before. Ge. 4:12, 14. Ps. 4:6; 41:12. Is. 59:2.
19 Sarah. ver. 21; ch. 18:10–14; 21:2, 3, 6. 2 Ki. 4:16, 17. Lu. 1:13–20. Ro. 9:6–9. Ga. 4:28–31. Isaac. Yitzchak, which we change into Isaac, signifies laughter; in allusion to Abraham’s laughing, ver. 17. By this Abraham did not express his unbelief or weakness of faith, but his joy at the prospect of the fulfilment of so glorious a promise; and to this our Lord evidently alludes, Jno. 8:56.
20 I have blessed. ch. 16:10–12. twelve. ch. 25:12–18. and I. ch. 21:13, 18.
21 my. ch. 21:10–12; 26:2–5; 46:1; 48:15. Ex. 2:24; 3:6. Lu. 1:55, 72. Ro. 9:5, 6, 9. Ga. 3:29. He. 11:9. at. ch. 18:10; 21:2, 3. Job 14:13. Ac. 1:7.
22 ver. 3; ch. 18:33; 35:9–15. Ex. 20:22. Nu. 12:6–8. De. 5:4. Ju. 6:21; 13:20. Jno. 1:18; 10:30.
23 circumcised. ver. 10–14, 26, 27; ch. 18:19; 34:24. Jos. 5:2–9. Ps. 119:60. Pr. 27:1. Ec. 9:10. Ac. 16:3. Ro. 2:25–29; 4:9–12. 1 Co. 7:18, 19. Ga. 5:6; 6:15.
24 ver. 1, 17; ch. 12:4. Ro. 4:11, 19, 20.
25 Not only the Jews, but the Arabs, who are the descendants of Ishmael, retain the rite of circumcision to this day; and the latter perform it, as the other Mahometans also do, at the age of thirteen.
26 ch. 12:4; 22:3, 4. Ps. 119:60.
27 circumcised. ch. 18:19.


  CHAP. 18

  The Lord appears to Abraham, who entertains angels, 1–8. Sarah is reproved for laughing at the promise of a son, 9–15. The destruction of Sodom is revealed to Abraham, 16–22. Abraham makes intercession for the inhabitants, 23–33.

1 appeared. ch. 15:1; 17:1–3, 22; 26:2; 48:3. Ex. 4:1. 2 Ch. 1:7. Ac. 7:2. Mamre. ch. 13:18; 14:13. and he sat. In these verses we have a delightful picture of genuine and primitive hospitality: a venerable father sits at the tent door, not only to enjoy the current of refreshing air, but that if he saw any weary and exhausted travellers, he might invite them to rest and refresh themselves during the heat of the day, and the same custom still continues in the east. It was not the custom, nor was there any necessity, for strangers to knock at the door, or to speak first, but to stand till they were invited.
2 And he. Ju. 13:3, 9. He. 13:2. three. ver. 22; ch. 19:1. He. 13:2. 1 Pe. 4:9. he ran. Ro. 12:13. bowed. ch. 23:7; 33:3–7; 43:26, 28; 44:14. Ru. 2:10. 2 Ki. 2:15.
3 favour. Ge. 32:5.
4 wash your feet. In those ancient times, shoes such as ours, were not in use; and the foot was protected only with sandals or soles, fastened round the foot with straps. It was, therefore, not only necessary from motives of cleanliness, but also a very great refreshment, in so hot a country, to get the feet washed at the end of a day’s journey; and this is the first thing that Abraham proposes. ch. 19:2; 24:32; 43:24. 1 Sa. 25:41. Lu. 7:44. Jno. 13:5–15. 1 Ti. 5:10. tree. Rest in the shade was the second requisite for the refreshment of a weary traveller.
5 And I. Ju. 6:18; 13:15. Mat. 6:11. bread. This was the third requisite, and is introduced in its proper order; as eating immediately after exertion or fatigue is very unwholesome. comfort. Heb. stay. Ju. 19:5. Ps. 104:15. Is. 3:1. are ye come. Heb. ye have passed. ch. 19:8; 33:10.
6 Make ready quickly. Heb. hasten. three. Is. 32:8. Mat. 13:33. Lu. 10:38–40. Ac. 16:15. Ro. 12:13. Ga. 5:18. He. 13:2. 1 Pe. 4:9.
7 ch. 19:3. Ju. 13:15, 16. Am. 6:4. Mal. 1:14. Mat. 22:4. Lu. 15:23, 27, 30.
8 he took. ch. 19:3. De. 32:14. Ju. 5:25. stood. Ne. 12:44. Lu. 12:37; 17:8. Jno. 12:2. Ga. 5:13. Re. 3:20. and they. ch. 19:3. Ju. 13:15. Lu. 24:30, 43. Ac. 10:41.
9 Where. ch. 4:9. in. ch. 24:67; 31:33. Tit. 2:5.
10 he said. ver. 13, 14; ch. 16:10; 22:15, 16. according. ch. 17:21; 21:2. 2 Ki. 4:16, 17. lo, Sarah. ch. 17:16, 19, 21; 21:2. Ju. 13:3–5. Lu. 1:13. Ro. 9:8, 9. Ga. 4:23, 28.
11 old. ch. 17:17, 24. Lu. 1:7, 18, 36. Ro. 4:18–21. He. 11:11, 12, 19. the. ch. 31:35. Le. 15:19.
12 laughed. ver. 13; ch. 17:17; 21:6, 7. Ps. 126:2. Lu. 1:18–20, 34, 35. He. 11:11, 12. my. Ep. 5:33. 1 Pe. 3:6.
13 Wherefore. Jno. 2:25.
14 Is. Nu. 11:23. De. 7:21. 1 Sa. 14:6. 2 Ki. 7:1, 2. Job 36:5; 42:2. Ps. 93:1; 95:3. Je. 32:17. Mi. 7:18. Zec. 8:6. Mat. 3:9; 14:31; 19:26. Mar. 10:27. Lu. 1:13, 37; 8:50. Ep. 3:20. Phi. 3:21; 4:13. He. 11:19. I will. ver. 10; ch. 17:21. De. 30:3. 2 Ki. 4:16. Ps. 90:13. Mi. 7:18. Lu. 1:13, 18.
15 denied. ch. 4:9; 12:13. Job 2:10. Pr. 28:13. Jno. 18:17, 25–27. Ep. 4:23. Col. 3:9. 1 Jno. 1:8. Nay. Ps. 44:21. Pr. 12:19. Mar. 2:8. Jno. 2:25. Ro. 3:19.
16 to bring. Ac. 15:3; 20:38; 21:5. Ro. 15:24. 3 Jno. 6.
17 2 Ki. 4:27. 2 Ch. 20:7. Ps. 25:14. Am. 3:7. Jno. 15:15. Ja. 2:23.
18 become. See on ch. 12:2, 3; 22:17, 18; 26:4. Ps. 72:17. Ac. 3:25, 26. Ga. 3:8, 14. Ep. 1:3.
19 For I. 2 Sa. 7:20. Ps. 1:6; 11:4; 34:15. Jno. 10:14; 21:17. 2 Ti. 2:19. command. ch. 17:23–27. De. 4:9, 10; 6:6, 7; 11:19–21; 32:46. Jos. 24:15. 1 Ch. 28:9. Job 1:5. Ps. 78:2–9. Pr. 6:20–22; 22:6. Is. 38:19. Ep. 6:4. 1 Ti. 3:4, 5, 12. 2 Ti. 1:5; 3:15. that the. 1 Sa. 2:30, 31. Ac. 27:23, 24, 31.
20 the cry. ch. 4:10; 19:13. Is. 3:9; 5:7. Je. 14:7. Ja. 5:4. sin. ch. 13:13.
21 I will go down. This is spoken figuratively; and as the Jewish writers speak, according to the language of men. So eyes, ears, hands, and other members of the body are attributed to God, for effecting those things which men cannot accomplish without these members. ch. 11:5, 7. Ex. 3:8; 33:5. Mi. 1:3. Jno. 6:38. 1 Th. 4:16. see. Job 34:22. Ps. 90:8. Je. 17:1, 10. Zep. 1:12. He. 4:13. I will know. Ex. 33:5. De. 8:2; 13:3. Jos. 22:22. Ps. 139. Lu. 16:15. 2 Co. 11:11.
22 the men. ver. 2; ch. 19:1. stood. The two, whom we suppose to have been created angels, departed at this time; and accordingly two entered Sodom at evening: while the one, called Jehovah throughout the chapter, continued with Abraham, who “stood yet before the Lord.”—SCOTT. ver. 1. Ps. 106:23. Je. 15:1; 18:20. Eze. 22:30. Ac. 7:55. 1 Ti. 2:1.
23 drew. Ps. 73:28. Je. 30:21. He. 10:22. Ja. 5:17. Wilt. ver. 25; ch. 20:4. Nu. 16:22. 2 Sa. 24:17. Job 8:3; 34:17. Ps. 11:4–7. Ro. 3:5, 6.
24 there. ver. 32. Is. 1:9. Je. 5:1. Mat. 7:13, 14. spare. Ac. 27:24.
25 be far. Je. 12:1. that the. Job 8:20; 9:22, 23. Ec. 7:15; 8:12, 13. Is. 3:10, 11; 57:1, 2. Mal. 3:18. Shall. De. 32:4. Job 8:3; 34:17–19. Ps. 11:5–7; 58:11; 94:2; 98:9. Ro. 3:6. Judge. Jno. 5:22–27. 2 Co. 5:10.
26 Is. 6:13; 10:22; 19:24; 65:8. Je. 5:1. Eze. 22:30. Mat. 24:22.
27 I have. ver. 30–32. Ezr. 9:6. Job 42:6–8. Is. 6:5. Lu. 18:1. dust. ch. 2:7; 3:19. Job 4:19. Ps. 8:4; 144:3. Ec. 12:7. Is. 6:5; 64:8. Lu. 5:8. 1 Co. 15:47, 48. 2 Co. 5:1, 2.
28 wilt. Nu. 14:17–19. 1 Ki. 20:32, 33. Job 23:3, 4. If I. ver. 26, 29.
29 Ep. 6:18. He. 4:16.
30 ch. 44:18. Ju. 6:39. Es. 4:11–16. Job 40:4. Ps. 9:12; 10:17; 89:7. Is. 6:5; 55:8, 9. He. 12:28, 29.
31 ver. 27. Mat. 7:7, 11. Lu. 11:8; 18:1. Ep. 6:18. He. 4:16; 10:20–22.
32 Oh. ver. 30. Ju. 6:39. Pr. 15:8. Is. 42:6, 7. Ja. 5:15–17. 1 Jno. 5:15, 16. I will not. Ex. 32:9, 10, 14; 33:13, 14; 34:6, 7, 9, 10. Nu. 14:11–20. Job 33:23. Ps. 86:5. Is. 65:8. Mi. 7:18. Mat. 7:7. Ep. 3:20. Ja. 5:16.
33 And the. ver. 16, 22; ch. 32:26. and Abraham. ch. 31:55.


  CHAP. 19

  Lot entertains two angels, 1–3. The vicious Sodomites are smitten with blindness, 4–11. Lot is warned, and in vain warns his sons-in-law, 12–14. He is directed to flee with his family to the mountains, but obtains leave to go into Zoar, 15–23. Sodom and Gomorrah are destroyed, 24, 25. Lot’s wife becomes a pillar of salt, 26–28. Lot dwells in a cave, 29, 30. The incestuous origin of Moab and Ammon, 31–38.

1 And there came two angels. Or, rather, ‘the two angels came,’ referring to those mentioned in the preceding chapter, and there called ‘men.’ It seems, (from ch. 18, ver. 22,) that these two angels were sent to Sodom, while the third, who was the Lord or Jehovah, remained with Abraham. ch. 18:1–3, 22. rose. ch. 18:1–5. Job 31:32. He. 13:2. bowed. ch. 18:2.
2 turn. He. 13:2. wash. ch. 18:4. Nay. Instead of lo, nay, some MSS. have lo, to him. ‘And they said unto him, for we lodge in the street;’ where, nevertheless, the negation is understood. Knowing the disposition of the inhabitants, and appearing in the character of mere travellers, they preferred the open street to any house; but not yet willing to make themselves known, as Lot pressed them vehemently, and as they knew him to be a righteous man, they consented to take shelter under his hospitable roof. Ju. 19:17–21. Lu. 24:28, 29. Ac. 16:15.
3 pressed. 2 Ki. 4:8. Lu. 11:8; 14:23; 24:28, 29. 2 Co. 5:14. a feast. ch. 18:6–8; 21:8. Lu. 5:29. Jno. 12:2. He. 13:2. unleavened. ch. 18:6. Ex. 12:15, 39. Ju. 6:19. 1 Sa. 28:24. 1 Co. 5:8.
4 But. Pr. 4:16; 6:18. Mi. 7:3. Ro. 3:15. all. ch. 13:13; 18:20. Ex. 16:2; 23:2. Je. 5:1–6, 31. Mat. 27:20–25.
5 Le. 18:22; 20:13. Ju. 19:22. Is. 1:9; 3:9; Je. 3:3; 6:15. Eze. 16:49, 51. Mat. 11:23, 24. Ro. 1:23, 24, 26, 27. 1 Co. 6:9. 1 Ti. 1:10. 2 Ti. 3:13. Jude 7.
6 Lot. Ju. 19:23. door. Two words are here used for door: the first pethach, which is the door-way, at which Lot went out; the latter, deleth, the leaf of the door, which he shut after him when out.
7 ver. 4. Le. 18:22; 20:13. De. 23:17. Ju. 19:23. 1 Sa. 30:23, 24. Ac. 17:28. Ro. 1:24. 1 Co. 6:9–11. Jude 7.
8 I have. Ex. 32:22. let. ver. 31–38; ch. 42:37. Ju. 19:24. Mar. 9:6. Ro. 3:8. therefore. ch. 18:5. Ju. 9:15. Is. 58:7.
9 Stand. 1 Sa. 17:44; 25:17. Pr. 9:7, 8. Is. 65:5. Je. 3:3; 6:15; 8:12. Mat. 7:6. This. ch. 13:12. Ex. 2:14. Ac. 7:26–28. 2 Pe. 2:7, 8. pressed. ch. 11:6. 1 Sa. 2:16. Pr. 14:16; 17:12; 27:3. Ec. 9:3; 10:13. Da. 3:19–22.
11 with blindness. The word sanverim, rendered ‘blindness,’ and which occurs only here, and in 2 Ki. 6:18, is supposed to denote dazzlings, deceptions, or confusions of sight from excessive light; being derived by SCHULTENS, who is followed by PARKHURST, from the Arabic sana, to pour forth, diffuse, and nor, light. Dr. GEDDES, to the same purpose, thinks it is compounded of the Arabic sana, which signifies a flash, and or, light. The Targums, in both places where it occurs, render it by eruptions, or flashes of light, or as MERCER, in ROBERTSON, explains the Chaldee word, irradiations. 2 Ki. 6:18. Ac. 13:11. that they. Ec. 10:15. Is. 57:10. Je. 2:36.
12 Hast. ch. 7:1. Nu. 16:26. Jos. 6:22, 23. Je. 32:39. 2 Pe. 2:7, 9. son. ver. 14, 17, 22. Re. 18:4.
13 cry. ch. 13:13; 18:20. Ja. 5:4. Lord hath. 1 Ch. 21:15, 16. Ps. 11:5, 6. Is. 3:11; 36:10; 37:36. Eze. 9:5, 6. Mat. 13:41, 42, 49, 50. Ac. 12:23. Ro. 3:8, 9. Jude 7. Re. 16:1–12.
14 which. Mat. 1:18. Up. ver. 17, 22. Nu. 16:21, 26, 45. Je. 51:6. Lu. 9:42. Re. 18:4–8. as one. Ex. 9:21; 12:31. 2 Ch. 30:10; 36:16. Pr. 29:1. Is. 28:22. Je. 5:12–14; 20:7. Eze. 20:49. Mat. 9:24. Lu. 17:28–30; 24:11. Ac. 17:32. 1 Th. 5:3.
15 hastened. ver. 17, 22. Nu. 16:24–27. Pr. 6:4, 5. Lu. 13:24, 25. 2 Co. 6:2. He. 3:7, 8. Re. 18:4. are here. Heb. are found. iniquity. or, punishment.
16 lingered. Ps. 119:60. Jno. 6:44. the Lord. Ex. 34:6. Nu. 14:18. De. 4:31. 1 Ch. 16:34. Ps. 34:12; 86:5, 15; 103:8–10, 13; 106:1, 8; 107:1; 111:4; 118:1; 136:1. Is. 63:9. La. 3:22. Mi. 7:18, 19. Lu. 6:35, 36; 18:13. Ro. 9:15, 16, 18. 2 Co. 1:3. Ep. 2:4, 5. Tit. 3:5. brought. Jos. 6:22. 2 Pe. 2:9.
17 he said. ch. 18:22. Escape. ver. 14, 15, 22. 1 Sa. 19:11. 1 Ki. 19:3. Ps. 121:1. Mat. 3:7; 24:16–18. He. 2:3. look. ver. 26. Lu. 9:62; 17:31, 32. Phi. 3:13, 14.
18 ch. 32:26. 2 Ki. 5:11, 12. Is. 45:11. Jno. 13:6–8. Ac. 9:13; 10:14.
19 and thou. Ps. 18; 40; 103; 106; 107; 116. 1 Ti. 1:14–16. lest some. ch. 12:13. De. 31:17. 1 Sa. 27:1. 1 Ki. 9:9. Ps. 77:7–11; 116:11. Mat. 8:25, 26. Mar. 9:19. Ro. 8:31.
20 this. ver. 30. Pr. 3:5–7. Am. 3:6. and my. ch. 12:13. Ps. 119:175. Is. 55:3.
21 See, I. ch. 4:7. Job 42:8, 9. Ps. 34:15; 102:17; 145:19. Je. 14:10. Mat. 12:20. Lu. 11:8. He. 2:17; 4:15, 16. thee. Heb. thy face. that. ch. 12:2; 18:24.
22 for. ch. 32:25–28. Ex. 32:10. De. 9:14. Ps. 91:1–10. Is. 65:8. Mar. 6:5. 2 Ti. 2:13. Tit. 1:2. called. ch. 13:10; 14:2. Is. 15:5. Je. 48:34. Zoar. i.e. little. ver. 20.
23 risen. Heb. gone forth.
24 the Lord. De. 29:23. Job 18:15. Ps. 11:6. Is. 1:9; 13:19. Je. 20:16; 49:18; 50:40. La. 4:6. Eze. 16:49, 50. Ho. 11:8. Am. 4:11. Zep. 2:9. Mat. 11:23, 24. Lu. 17:28, 29. 2 Pe. 2:6. Jude 7. brimstone. The word rendered ‘brimstone,’ (q. d. brennestone, or brinnestone, id est burning-stone,) is always rendered by the LXX. ‘sulphur,’ and seems to denote a meteorous inflammable matter.
25 ch. 13:10; 14:3. Ps. 107:34.
26 looked. This unhappy woman, says the Rev. T. SCOTT, ‘looked back,’ contrary to God’s express command, perhaps with a hope of returning, which latter supposition is favoured by our Lord’s words, ‘Let him not return back: remember Lot’s wife.’ She was, therefore, instantaneously struck dead and petrified, and thus remained to after ages a visible monument of the Divine displeasure. ver. 17. Pr. 14:14. Lu. 17:31, 32. He. 10:38. and. Nu. 16:38.
27 early. Ps. 5:3. to the. ch. 18:22–33. Eze. 16:49, 50. Hab. 2:1. He. 2:1.
28 Ps. 107:34. 2 Pe. 2:7. Jude 7. Re. 14:10, 11; 18:9, 18; 19:3; 21:8.
29 that God. ch. 8:1; 12:2; 18:23–33; 30:22. De. 9:5. Ne. 13:14, 22. Ps. 25:7; 105:8, 42; 106:4; 136:23; 145:20. Eze. 36:31, 32. Ho. 11:8.
30 Lot. ver. 17–23. for he. ch. 49:4. Je. 2:36, 37. Ja. 1:8. Zoar. ch. 13:10; 14:22. De. 34:3. Is. 15:5. Je. 48:34.
31 not. ver. 28. Mar. 9:6. to come ch. 4:1; 6:4; 16:2, 4; 38:8, 9, 14–30. De. 25:5. Is. 4:1.
32 Come. ch. 11:3. drink. ch. 9:21. Pr. 23:31–33. Hab. 2:15, 16. seed. Le. 18:6, 7. Mar. 12:19.
33 drink. Le. 18:6, 7. Pr. 20:1; 23:29–35. Hab. 2:15, 16.
34 Is. 3:9. Je. 3:3; 5:3; 6:15; 8:12.
35 Ps. 8:4. Pr. 24:16. Ec. 7:26. Lu. 21:34. 1 Co. 10:11, 12. 1 Pe. 4:7.
36 ver. 8. Le. 18:6, 7. Ju. 1:7. 1 Sa. 15:33. Hab. 2:15. Mat. 7:2.
37 A.M. 2108. B.C. 1896. Moab. This name is generally interpreted of the father; from mo, of, and av, a father. Moabites. Nu. 21:29; ch. 22; 24. De. 2:9, 19; 23:3. Ju. ch. 3. Ru. 4:10. 2 Sa. ch. 8. 2 Ki. ch. 3.
38 Ben-ammi. i.e. Son of my people, from ben, a son, and ammi, my people. children. De. 2:9, 19; 23:3. Ju. 10:6–18; ch. 11. 1 Sa. ch. 11. 2 Sa. ch. 10. Ne. 13:1–3, 23–28. Ps. 83:4–8. Is. 11:14. Zep. 2:9.


  CHAP. 20

  Abraham sojourns at Gerar, 1. Denies his wife, who is taken by Abimelech, 2. Abimelech is reproved for her in a dream, 3–8. He rebukes Abraham, 9–13. Restores Sarah, 14, 15; and reproves her, 16. Abimelech and his family are healed at Abraham’s prayer, 17, 18.

1 A.M. cir. 2107. B.C. cir. 1897. from. ch. 13:1; 18:1; 24:62. Kadesh. ch. 14:7; 16:1, 7, 14. Nu. 13:26; 20:16. De. 1:19; 32:51. 1 Sa. 15:7. Ps. 29:8. Gerar. Gerar was a city of Arabia Petræa, under a king of the Philistines, 25 miles from Eleutheropolis beyond Daroma, in the south of Judah. From ch. 10:19, it appears to have been situated in the angle where the south and west sides of Canaan met, and to have been not far from Gaza. JEROME, in his Hebrew Traditions on Genesis, says, from Gerar to Jerusalem was three days’ journey. There was a wood near Gerar, spoken of by THEODORET; and a brook, (ch. 26:26,) on which was a monastery, noticed by SOZOMEN. ch. 10:19; 26:1, 6, 20, 26. 2 Ch. 14:13, 14.
2 said. ch. 12:11–13; 26:7. 2 Ch. 19:2; 20:37; 32:31. Pr. 24:16. Ec. 7:20. Ga. 2:11, 12. Ep. 4:25. Col. 3:9. Abimelech. ch. 12:15; 26:1, 16.
3 a dream. ch. 28:12; 31:24; 37:5, 9; 40:8; 41:1, etc. Job 4:12, 13; 33:15. Mat. 1:20; 2:12, 13; 27:19. a dead. ver. 7. Ps. 105:14. Eze. 33:14, 15. Jon. 3:4. a man’s wife. Heb. married to an husband.
4 had. ver. 6, 18. wilt. ver. 17, 18; ch. 18:23–25; 19:24. 2 Sa. 4:11. 1 Ch. 21:17.
5 in the integrity. or, simplicity, or sincerity. Jos. 22:22. 1 Ki. 9:4. 2 Ki. 20:3. 1 Ch. 29:17. Ps. 7:8; 25:21; 78:72. Pr. 11:3; 20:7. 2 Co. 1:12. 1 Th. 2:10. 1 Ti. 1:13. and innocency. Job 33:9. Ps. 24:4; 26:6; 73:13. Da. 6:22.
6 withheld. ver. 18; ch. 31:7; 35:5. Ex. 34:24. 1 Sa. 25:26, 34. Ps. 84:11. Pr. 21:1. Ho. 2:6, 7. sinning. ch. 39:9. Le. 6:2. Ps. 51:4; 81:12. 2 Th. 2:7, 11. to touch. ch. 3:3; 26:11. 1 Co. 7:1. 2 Co. 6:17.
7 a prophet. The word navi, rendered a prophet, not only signifies one who fortels future events, but also an intercessor, instructor. See 1 Sa. ch. 10. 1 Ki. ch. 18, and 1 Co. 14:4. The title was also given to men eminent for eloquence and literary abilities: hence Aaron, because he was the spokesman of Moses to the Egyptian king, is called a prophet. Ex. 4:16; 7:1. ch. 12:1–3; 18:17. Ex. 7:1. 1 Ch. 16:22. Ps. 25:14; 105:9–15. He. 1:1. pray. Le. 6:4, 7. 1 Sa. 7:5, 8; 12:19, 23. 2 Sa. 24:17. 1 Ki. 13:6. 2 Ki. 5:11; 19:2–4. Job 42:8. Je. 14:11; 15:1; 27:18. Ja. 5:14–16. 1 Jno. 5:16. Re. 11:5, 6. surely. ver. 18; ch. 2:17; 12:17. Job 34:19. Ps. 105:14. Eze. 3:18; 33:8, 14–16. He. 13:4. all. ch. 12:15. Nu. 16:32, 33. 2 Sa. 24:17.
9 What hast. ch. 12:18; 26:10. Ex. 32:21, 35. Jos. 7:25. 1 Sa. 26:18, 19. Pr. 28:10. a great. ch. 38:24; 39:9. Le. 20:10. 2 Sa. 12:5, 10, 11. Ro. 2:11. He. 13:4. ought. ch. 34:7. 2 Sa. 13:12. Tit. 1:11.
11 Surely. ch. 22:12; 42:18. Ne. 5:15. Job 1:1; 28:28. Ps. 14:4; 36:1–4. Pr. 1:7; 2:5; 8:13; 16:6. Ro. 3:18. slay. ch. 12:12; 26:7.
12 And yet. ch. 11:29; 12:13. 1 Th. 5:22. she is the. EBN BATRIK, in his annals, among other ancient traditions, has preserved the following: ‘Terah first married Yona, by whom he had Abraham; afterwards he married Tehevita, by whom he had Sarah.’
13 God. ch. 12:1, 9, 11, etc. Ac. 7:3–5. He. 11:8. This. 1 Sa. 23:21. Ps. 64:5. Ac. 5:9. say. ch. 12:13.
14 took. ver. 11; ch. 12:16. restored. ver. 2, 7. ch. 12:19, 20.
15 my land. ch. 13:9; 34:10; 47:6. where it pleaseth thee. Heb. as is good in thine eyes.
16 thy. ver. 5. Pr. 27:5. thousand. What these pieces were is not certain; but it is probable they were shekels, as it is so understood by the Targum; and the LXX. render it didrachma, by which the Hebrew shekel is rendered in ch. 23:15, 16. behold. Or, ‘behold IT (the 1000 shekels) is to thee,’ etc. ch. 26:11. a covering. ch. 24:65. thus. 1 Ch. 21:3–6. Pr. 9:8, 9; 12:1; 25:12; 27:5. Jon. 1:6. Re. 3:19.
17 ver. 7; ch. 29:31. 1 Sa. 5:11, 12. Ezr. 6:10. Job 42:9, 10. Pr. 15:8, 29. Is. 45:11. Mat. 7:7; 21:22. Ac. 3:24. Phi. 4:6. 1 Th. 5:25. Ja. 5:16.
18 ver. 7; ch. 12:17; 16:2; 30:2. 1 Sa. 1:6; 5:10.


  CHAP. 21

  Isaac is born, and circumcised, 1–5. Sarah’s joy, 6, 7. Isaac is weaned, 8. Hagar and Ishmael are cast forth, 9–14. Hagar in distress, 15, 16. The angel relieves and comforts her, 17–21. Abimelech’s covenant with Abraham at Beer-sheba, 22–34.

1 visited. ch. 50:24. Ex. 3:16; 4:31; 20:5. Ru. 1:6. 1 Sa. 2:21. Ps. 106:4. Lu. 1:68; 19:44. Ro. 4:17–20. Sarah as. ch. 17:19; 18:10, 14. Ps. 12:6. Mat. 24:35. Ga. 4:23, 28. Tit. 1:2.
2 conceived. 2 Ki. 4:16, 17. Lu. 1:24, 25, 36. Ac. 7:8. Ga. 4:22. He. 11:11. at the set. ch. 17:19, 21; 18:10, 14. Ro. 9:9.
3 ver. 6, 12; ch. 17:19; 22:2. Jos. 24:3. Mat. 1:2. Ac. 7:8. Ro. 9:7. He. 11:18.
4 ch. 17:10–12. Ex. 12:48. Le. 12:3. De. 12:32. Lu. 1:6, 59; 2:21. Jno. 7:22, 23. Ac. 7:8.
5 ch. 17:1, 17. Ro. 4:19.
6 God. ch. 17:17; 18:12–15. 1 Sa. 1:26–28; 2:1–10. Ps. 113:9; 126:2. Is. 49:15, 21; 54:1. Lu. 1:46–55. Jno. 16:21, 22. Ga. 4:27, 28. He. 11:11. to laugh. Sarah most likely remembered the circumstance mentioned in ch. 18:12; and also the name Isaac, which implies laughter. will laugh. Lu. 1:14, 58. Ro. 12:15.
7 Who. Nu. 23:23. De. 4:32–34. Ps. 86:8, 10. Is. 49:21; 66:8. Ep. 3:10. 2 Th. 1:10. for I. ch. 18:11, 12.
8 A.M. 2111. B.C. 1893. and was. 1 Sa. 1:22. Ps. 131:2. Ho. 1:8. feast. ch. 19:3; 26:30; 29:22; 40:20. Ju. 14:10, 12. 1 Sa. 25:36. 2 Sa. 3:20. 1 Ki. 3:15. Es. 1:3.
9 Sarah. ch. 16:3–6, 15; 17:20. Egyptian. ch. 16:1, 15. mocking. 2 Ki. 2:23, 24. 2 Ch. 30:10; 36:16. Ne. 4:1–5. Job 30:1. Ps. 22:6; 42:10; 44:13, 14. Pr. 20:11. La. 1:7. Ga. 4:22, 29. He. 11:36.
10 Cast out. The word rendered ‘cast out,’ signifies also to divorce. See Le. 21:7. In this latter sense, it may be understood here. ch. 25:6, 19; 17:19, 21; 20:11; 22:10; 36:6, 7. Mat. 8:11, 12; 22:13. Jno. 8:35. Ga. 4:22–31. 1 Jno. 2:19. heir. Jno. 8:35. Ga. 3:18; 4:7. 1 Pe. 1:4. 1 Jno. 2:19.
11 because. ch. 17:18; 22:1, 2. 2 Sa. 18:33, Mat. 10:37. He. 12:11.
12 hearken. 1 Sa. 8:7, 9. Is. 46:10. in Isaac. ch. 17:19, 21. Ro. 9:7, 8. He. 11:18.
13 ver. 18; ch. 16:10; 17:20; 25:12–18.
14 A.M. 2112. B.C. 1892. rose up. ch. 19:27; 22:3; 24:54; 26:31. Ps. 119:60. Pr. 27:14. Ec. 9:10. took. ch. 25:6; 36:6, 7. child. Or, youth, (see ver. 12, 20,) as Ishmael was now 16 or 17 years of age. sent. Jno. 8:35. wandered. ch. 16:7; 37:15. Ps. 107:4. Is. 16:8. Ga. 4:23–25. Beer-sheba. So called when Moses wrote; but not before Abraham’s covenant with Abimelech, ver. 31. Such instances of the figure prolepsis are not unfrequent in the Pentateuch, ver. 33; ch. 22:19; 26:33; 46:1. 1 Ki. 19:3.
15 the water. ver. 14. Ex. 15:22–25; 17:1–3. 2 Ki. 3:9. Ps. 63:1. Is. 44:12. Je. 14:3. and she cast the child. Or, ‘and she sent the lad,’ to screen him from the intensity of the heat.
16 Let. ch. 44:34. 1 Ki. 3:26. Es. 8:6. Is. 49:15. Zec. 12:10. Lu. 15:20. lift. ch. 27:38; 29:11. Ju. 2:4. Ru. 1:9. 1 Sa. 24:16; 30:4.
17 heard. ch. 16:11. Ex. 3:7; 22:23, 27. 2 Ki. 13:4, 23. Ps. 50:15; 65:2; 91:15. Mat. 15:32. the angel. See on ch. 16:9, 11. What. Ju. 18:23. 1 Sa. 11:5. Is. 22:1. fear. ch. 15:1; 46:3. Ex. 14:13. Ps. 107:4–6. Is. 41:10, 13, 14; 43:1, 2. Mar. 5:36.
18 I will. ver. 13; ch. 16:10; 17:20; 25:12–18. 1 Ch. 1:29–31.
19 Nu. 22:31. 2 Ki. 6:17–20. Is. 35:5, 6. Lu. 24:16–31.
20 God. ch. 17:20; 28:15; 39:2, 3, 21. Ju. 6:12; 13:24, 25. Lu. 1:80; 2:40. an archer. ch. 10:9; 16:12; 25:27; 27:3; 49:23, 24.
21 in the. Nu. 10:12; 12:16; 13:3, 26. 1 Sa. 25:1. a wife. ch. 24:3, 4; 26:34, 35; 27:46; 28:1, 2. Ju. 14:2. 1 Co. 7:38.
22 A.M. 2118. B.C. 1886. Abimelech. ch. 20:2; 26:26. God. ch. 20:17; 26:28; 28:15; 30:27; 39:2, 3. Jos. 3:7. 2 Ch. 1:1. Is. 8:10; 45:14. Zec. 8:23. Mat. 1:23. Ro. 8:31. 1 Co. 14:25. He. 13:5. Re. 3:9.
23 swear. ch. 14:22, 23; 24:3; 26:28; 31:44, 53. De. 6:13. Jos. 2:12. 1 Sa. 20:13, 17, 42; 24:21, 22; 30:15. Je. 4:2. 2 Co. 1:23. He. 6:16. that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Heb. if thou shalt lie unto me. I have. ch. 20:14.
24 ch. 14:13. Ro. 12:18. He. 6:16.
25 reproved. ch. 26:15–22; 29:8. Ex. 2:15–17. Ju. 1:15. Pr. 17:10; 25:9; 27:5. Mat. 18:15. because. Wells of water were of great consequence in those hot countries, especially where the flocks were numerous; because water was scarce, and digging to find it was attended with the expense of much time and labour. servants. ch. 13:7; 26:15–22. Ex. 2:16, 17.
26 I wot. ‘Wot,’ though used for the present, is the past tense of the almost obsolete word ‘to wit,’ from the Saxon witan, to know. ch. 13:7. 2 Ki. 5:20–24.
27 took. ch. 14:22, 23. Pr. 17:8; 18:16, 24; 21:14. Is. 32:8. made. ch. 26:28–31; 31:44. 1 Sa. 18:3. Eze. 17:13. Ro. 1:31. Ga. 3:15.
29 ch. 33:8. Ex. 12:26. 1 Sa. 15:14.
30 a witness. ch. 31:44–48, 52. Jos. 22:27, 28; 24:27.
31 called. ch. 26:33. Beer-sheba. i.e. the well of the oath, or the well of the seven: alluding to the seven ewe lambs. The verb rendered ‘to swear’ is derived from the word translated seven. ver. 14; ch. 26:23. Jos. 15:28. Ju. 20:1. 2 Sa. 17:11. 1 Ki. 4:25.
32 ver. 27; ch. 14:13; 31:53. 1 Sa. 18:3. the Philistines. ch. 10:14; 26:8, 14. Ex. 13:17. Ju. 13:1.
33 grove. or, tree. Am. 8:14. The original word eshel, has been variously translated a grove, a plantation, an orchard, a cultivated field, and an oak; but it may denote a kind of tamarisk, as it is rendered by GESENIUS, the same with the Arabic athl. Beer-sheba. De. 16:21. Ju. 3:7. called. ch. 4:26; 12:8; 26:23, 25, 33. on the name. Dr. SHUCKFORD justly contends, that the expression rendered, ‘he called on the name,’ signifies ‘he invoked IN the name.’ everlasting. De. 33:27. Ps. 90:2. Is. 40:28; 57:15. Je. 10:10. Ro. 1:20; 16:26. 1 Ti. 1:17.
34 ch. 20:1. 1 Ch. 29:15. Ps. 39:12. He. 11:9, 13. 1 Pe. 2:11.


  CHAP. 22

  Abraham is tempted to offer Isaac, 1, 2. He gives proof of his faith and obedience, 3–10. The angel prevents him, 11, 12. Isaac is exchanged for a ram, 13. The place is called Jehovah-jireh, 14. Abraham is again blessed, 15–19. The generations of Nahor unto Rebekah, 20–24.

1 A.M. 2132. B.C. 1872. Jos. Ant. God. Ex. 15:25, 26; 16:4. De. 8:2; 13:3. Ju. 2:22. 2 Sa. 24:1. 2 Ch. 32:31. Pr. 17:3. 1 Co. 10:13. He. 11:17. Ja. 1:12–14; 2:21. 1 Pe. 1:7. tempt. Or prove, or try, as tempt, from tento, originally signified. Behold, here I am. Heb. Behold me. ver. 7, 11. Ex. 3:4. Is. 6:8.
2 Take. ch. 17:19; 21:12. Jno. 3:16. Ro. 5:8; 8:32. He. 11:17. 1 Jno. 4:9, 10. Moriah. 2 Ch. 3:1. and offer. Ju. 11:31, 39. 2 Ki. 3:27. Mi. 6:7.
3 ch. 17:23; 21:14. Ps. 119:60. Ec. 9:10. Is. 26:3, 4. Mat. 10:37. Mar. 10:28–31. Lu. 14:26. Ga. 1:16. He. 11:8, 17–19.
4 third. Ex. 5:3; 15:22; 19:11, 15. Le. 7:17. Nu. 10:33; 19:12, 19; 31:19. Jos. 1:11. 2 Ki. 20:5. Es. 5:1. Ho. 6:2. Mat. 17:23. Lu. 13:32. 1 Co. 15:4. saw. 1 Sa. 26:13.
5 Abide. He. 12:1. come. He. 11:19.
6 laid it. Is. 53:6. Mat. 8:17. Lu. 24:26, 27. Jno. 19:17. 1 Pe. 2:24.
7 My father. Mat. 26:39, 42. Jno. 18:11. Ro. 8:15. Here am I. Heb. Behold me. ver. 1. but ch. 4:2–4; 8:20. lamb. or, kid. Ex. 12:3.
8 ch. 18:14. 2 Ch. 25:9. Mat. 19:26. Jno. 1:29, 36. 1 Pe. 1:19, 20. Re. 5:6, 12; 7:14; 13:8.
9 place. ver. 2–4. Mat. ch. 21; 26; 27. built. ch. 8:20. bound. Ps. 118:27. Is. 53:4–10. Mat. 27:2. Mar. 15:1. Jno. 10:17, 18. Ac. 8:32. Ga. 3:13. Ep. 5:2. Phi. 2:7, 8. He. 9:28. 1 Pe. 2:24.
10 Is. 53:6–12. He. 11:17–19. Ja. 2:21–23.
11 angel. ver. 12, 16; ch. 16:7, 9, 10; 21:17. Abraham. ver. 1. Ex. 3:4. 1 Sa. 3:10. Ac. 9:4; 26:14.
12 Lay. 1 Sa. 15:22. Job 5:19. Je. 19:5. Mi. 6:6–8. 1 Co. 10:13. 2 Co. 8:12. He. 11:19. now. ch. 20:11; 26:5; 42:18. Ex. 20:20. 1 Sa. 12:24, 25; 15:22. Ne. 5:15. Job 28:28. Ps. 1:6; 2:11; 25:12, 14; 111:10; 112:1; 147:11. Pr. 1:7. Ec. 8:12, 13; 12:13. Je. 32:40. Mal. 4:2. Mat. 5:16; 10:37, 38; 16:24; 19:29. Ac. 9:31. He. 12:28. Ja. 2:18, 21, 22. Re. 19:5. seeing. Jno. 3:16. Ro. 5:8; 8:32. 1 Jno. 4:9, 10.
13 behind. ver. 8. Ps. 40:6–8; 89:19, 20. Is. 30:21. 1 Co. 10:13. 2 Co. 1:9, 10. in the. 1 Co. 5:7, 8. 1 Pe. 1:19, 20.
14 called. ch. 16:13, 14; 28:19; 32:30. Ex. 17:15. Ju. 6:24. 1 Sa. 7:12. Eze. 48:35. Jehovahjireh. i.e. The Lord will see, or provide. ver. 8, 13. Ex. 17:15. In. De. 32:36. Ps. 22:4, 5. Da. 3:17, etc. Mi. 4:10. Jno. 1:14. 2 Co. 1:8–10. 1 Ti. 3:16. it shall be seen. ‘In the mount of the Lord it shall be provided.’ The meaning is, that God, in the greatest difficulties, when all human assistance is vain, will make a suitable provision for the deliverance of those who trust in Him.
15 ver. 11.
16 ch. 12:2. Ps. 105:9. Is. 45:23. Je. 49:13; 51:14. Am. 6:8. Lu. 1:73. Ro. 4:13, 14. He. 6:13, 14.
17 in blessing. ch. 12:2; 27:28, 29; 28:3, 14, etc.; 49:25, 26. De. 28:2–13. Ep. 1:3. I will multiply. See on ch. 13:16; 15:5; 17:6; 26:4. De. 1:10. Je. 33:22. shore. Heb. lip. 1 Ki. 9:26. thy seed. ch. 24:60. Nu. 24:17–19. De. 21:19. Jos. ch. 1–10. 2 Sa. ch. 8; 10. Ps. 2:8, 9; 72:8, 9. Je. 32:22. Da. 2:44, 45. Mi. 1:9. Lu. 1:68–75. 1 Co. 15:57. Re. 11:15.
18 And in. See on ch. 12:3; 18:18; 26:4. Ps. 72:17. Ac. 3:25. Ro. 1:3. Ga. 3:8, 9, 16, 18, 28, 29. Ep. 1:3. obeyed. ver. 3, 10; ch. 26:5. 1 Sa. 2:30. Je. 7:23. He. ch. 11.
19 So Abraham. ver. 5. to Beer-sheba. ch. 21:31. Jos. 15:28. Ju. 20:1.
20 A.M. 2142. B.C. 1862. told. Pr. 25:25. Milcah. ch. 11:29; 24:15, 24. Nahor. ch. 11:26; 24:10, 24; 31:53.
21 Huz. Job 1:1. Uz. Buz. Job 32:2. Kemuel. Kemuel might have given name to the Kamilites, a people of Syria, mentioned by STRABO, to the west of the Euphrates. Aram. Syrians. ch. 24:10. Nu. 23:7. Ps. 60, title.
23 Bethuel. ch. 24:15, 24, 47; 25:20; 28:2, 5. Rebekah. ch. 24:51, 60, 67. Ro. 9:10. Rebecca.
24 concubine. ch. 16:3; 25:6. Pr. 15:25. Maachah. He may be the father of the Macetes, in Arabia Felix: there is a city called Maca towards the straits of Ormus.


  CHAP. 23

  The age and death of Sarah, 1, 2. The purchase of the field and cave of Machpelah, 3–18; where Sarah is buried, 19, 20.

1 A.M. 2144. B.C. 1860. Sarah. It is worthy of remark, that Sarah is the only woman whose age, death, and burial are distinctly noted in the Sacred Writings. an. ch. 17:17.
2 Kirjath-arba. ver. 19; ch. 13:18. Nu. 13:22. Jos. 10:39; 14:14, 15; 20:7. Ju. 1:10. 1 Sa. 20:31. 2 Sa. 2:11; 5:3, 5. 1 Ch. 6:57. came. For the convenience of feeding his numerous flocks, Abraham had several places of temporary residence; and it is likely, that while he sojourned at Beer-sheba, as we find he did from ver. 19 of the preceding chapter, Sarah died at Hebron, which was 24 miles distant. mourn. ch. 27:41; 50:10. Nu. 20:29. De. 34:8. 1 Sa. 28:3. 2 Sa. 1:12, 17. 2 Ch. 35:25. Je. 22:10, 18. Eze. 24:16–18. Jno. 11:31, 35. Ac. 8:2.
3 Heth. ver. 5, 7; ch. 10:15; 25:10; 27:46; 49:30. 1 Sa. 26:6. 2 Sa. 23:39.
4 stranger. ch. 17:8; 47:9. Le. 25:23. 1 Ch. 29:15. Ps. 39:12; 105:12, 13; 119:19. He. 11:9, 13–16. 1 Pe. 2:11. buryingplace. ch. 3:19; 49:30; 50:13. Job 30:23. Ec. 6:3; 12:5, 7. Ac. 7:5. bury. ver. 19.
6 my lord. ch. 18:12; 24:18, 35; 31:35; 32:4, 5, 18; 42:10; 44:5, 8. Ex. 32:22. Ru. 2:13. a mighty prince. Heb. a prince of God. ch. 21:22. Is. 45:14. 1 Jno. 3:1, 2. prince. ch. 13:2; 14:14; 24:35.
7 ch. 18:2; 19:1. Pr. 18:24. Ro. 12:17, 18. He. 12:14. 1 Pe. 3:8.
8 intreat. 1 Ki. 2:17. Lu. 7:3, 4. He. 7:26. 1 Jno. 2:1, 2.
9 much money. Heb. full money. Ro. 12:17; 13:8.
10 dwelt. Or, sitting (as the word frequently denotes) among the children of Heth, at the gate of the city, where all public business was transacted. Ephron, though a chief man, might have been personally unknown to Abraham; but now he answers for himself, making a free tender of the field and cave to Abraham, in the presence of all the people, which amounted to a legal conveyance to the Patriarch. audience. Heb. ears. all that. ver. 18; ch. 34:20, 24. Ru. 4:1–4. Job 29:7. Is. 28:6. his. ch. 24:10. Mat. 9:1. Lu. 2:3, 4.
11 my lord. ver. 6. 2 Sa. 24:20–24. 1 Ch. 21:22–24. Is. 32:8. in the. ver. 18. Nu. 35:30. De. 17:6; 19:15. Ru. 4:1, 4, 9, 11. Je. 32:7–12. Lu. 19:24.
12 See ver. 7; ch. 18:2; 19:1.
13 I will. ch. 14:22, 23. 2 Sa. 24:24. Ac. 20:35. Ro. 13:8. Phi. 4:5–8. Col. 4:5. He. 13:5.
15 is worth. Though the words ‘is worth’ are not in the Text, yet they are clearly implied, to adapt the Hebrew to the English idiom. A shekel, according to the general opinion, was equal in value to about 2s. 6d. of our money; but, according to Dr. PRIDEAUX, 3s. English. In those early times, money was given in weight; for it is said, (ver. 16.) that ‘Abraham WEIGHED,’ wayishkal, the silver; and hence, we find that it was a certain weight which afterwards passed as a current coin; for the word shekel is not only used to denote a piece of silver, but also to weigh. shekels. Ex. 30:15. Eze. 45:12.
16 weighed. ch. 43:21. Ezr. 8:25–30. Job 28:15. Je. 32:9. Zec. 11:12. Mat. 7:12. Ro. 13:8. Phi. 4:8. 1 Th. 4:6. four. ver. 15. Ex. 30:13. Eze. 45:12.
17 the field. ver. 20; ch. 25:9; 49:30–32; 50:13. Ac. 7:16. made sure. ver. 20. Ru. 4:7–10. Ps. 112:5. Je. 32:7–14. Mat. 10:16. Ep. 5:15. Col. 4:5.
18 all. ch. 34:20. Ru. 4:1. Je. 32:12.
19 ch. 3:19; 25:9, 10; 35:27–29; 47:30; 49:29–32; 50:13, 25. Job 30:23. Ec. 6:3; 12:5, 7.
20 were. Ru. 4:7–10. 2 Sa. 24:24. Je. 32:10, 11. for a. ch. 25:9; 49:31, 32; 50:5, 13, 24, 25. 2 Ki. 21:18.


  CHAP. 24

  Abraham swears his servant, 1–9. The servant’s journey, 10, 11. His prayer, 12, 13. His sign, 14. Rebekah meets him, 15–17; fulfils his sign, 18–21; receives jewels, 22; shews her kindred, 23, 24; and invites him home, 25. The servant blesses God, 26, 27. Laban entertains him, 29–33. The servant shews his message, 34–49. Laban and Bethuel approve it, 50–57. Rebekah consents to go, and departs, 58–61. Isaac meets and marries her, 62–67.

1 was old. ch. 18:11; 21:5; 25:20. 1 Ki. 1:1. Lu. 1:7. well stricken in age. Heb. gone into days. blessed. ver. 35; ch. 12:2; 13:2; 49:25. Ps. 112:1–3. Pr. 10:22. Is. 51:2. Mat. 6:33. Ga. 3:9. Ep. 1:3. 1 Ti. 4:8.
2 eldest. ch. 15:2. 1 Ti. 5:17. ruled. ver. 10; ch. 39:4–6, 8, 9; 44:1. Put. ver. 9; ch. 47:29. 1 Ch. 29:24.
3 swear. ch. 21:23; 26:28–31; 31:44–53; 50:25. Ex. 20:7; 22:11; 23:13. Le. 19:12. Nu. 5:21. De. 6:13; 10:20. Jos. 2:12. 1 Sa. 20:17. Ne. 13:25. Is. 45:23; 48:1; 65:16. Je. 4:2; 12:16. Zep. 1:5. He. 6:16. the. ch. 14:22. 2 Ki. 19:15. 2 Ch. 2:12. Ne. 9:6. Ps. 115:15. Je. 10:11. that. ch. 6:2, 4; 26:34, 35; 27:46; 28:1, 2, 8. Ex. 34:16. De. 7:3, 4. 1 Co. 7:39. 2 Co. 6:14–17.
4 to my kindred. ch. 11:25, etc.; 12:1, 7; 22:20–23; 28:2. There does not appear in all this concern the least taint of worldly policy, or any of those motives which usually govern men in the settlement of their children. No mention is made of riches, or honours, or natural accomplishments, but merely of what related to God.—FULLER.
5 Peradventure. ver. 58. Ex. 20:7; 9:2. Pr. 13:16. Je. 4:2.
6 Ga. 5:1. He. 10:39; 11:9, 13–16. 2 Pe. 2:20–22.
7 Lord. Ezr. 1:2. Da. 2:44. Jon. 1:9. Re. 11:13. took. ch. 12:1–7. which spake. ch. 13:15; 15:18; 17:8; 22:16–18; 26:3, 4, 24. Ex. 13:5; 32:13. Nu. 14:16, 30; 32:11. De. 1:8; 34:4. Jos. 1:6. Ju. 2:1. Ac. 7:5. He. 11:9. angel. Ex. 23:20–23; 33:2. Ps. 32:8; 34:7; 73:24; 103:20. Pr. 3:5, 6. Is. 63:9. He. 1:14.
8 clear. Nu. 30:5, 8. Jos. 2:17–20; 9:20. Jno. 8:32. only. ver. 4, 5, 6. Ac. 7:2.
9 ver. 2.
10 for. or, and. all the. ver. 2; ch. 39:4–6, 8, 9, 22, 23. Mesopotamia. De. 23:4. Ju. 3:8–10. 1 Ch. 19:6. Ac. 2:9. city. ch. 11:31; 27:43; 29:1, 4, 5.
11 kneel. ch. 33:13, 14. Pr. 12:10. women go out to draw water. Heb. women which draw water go forth. ver. 13–20. Ex. 2:16. 1 Sa. 9:11. Jno. 4:7.
12 O Lord. ver. 27; ch. 15:1; 17:7, 8; 26:24; 28:13; 31:42; 32:9. Ex. 3:6, 15. 1 Ki. 18:36. 2 Ki. 2:14. Mat. 22:32. I pray. ch. 27:10; 43:14. Ne. 1:11; 2:4. Ps. 37:5; 90:16, 17; 118:25; 122:6; 127:1. Pr. 3:6. Phi. 4:6. 1 Th. 3:10, 11.
13 I stand. ver. 43. Ps. 37:5. Pr. 3:6. daughters. ver. 11; ch. 29:9, 10. Ex. 2:16. Ju. 5:11. 1 Sa. 9:11. Jno. 4:7.
14 And let. Ju. 6:17, 37. 1 Sa. 14:9. she that. ver. 44. Pr. 19:14. thereby. ch. 15:8. Ex. 4:1–9. Ju. 6:17, 37; 7:13–15; 18:5. 1 Sa. 6:7–9; 10:2–10; 14:8, 10; 20:7. 2 Sa. 5:24; 20:9. 2 Ki. 20:8–11. Is. 7:11. Ro. 1:10.
15 before. ver. 45. Ju. 6:36–40. Ps. 34:15; 65:2; 145:18, 19. Is. 58:9; 65:24. Da. 9:20–23. Rebekah. ver. 24; ch. 22:20–23. Milcah. ch. 11:27, 29; 22:23. pitcher. ch. 21:14; 29:9. Ex. 2:16. Ru. 2:2, 17. Pr. 31:27.
16 fair to look upon. Heb. good of countenance. ch. 26:7; 39:6. known. ch. 4:1. Nu. 31:17, 18. Ca. 5:2.
17 Let. 1 Ki. 17:10. Jno. 4:7, 9. water of. ch. 26. Is. 21:14; 30:25; 35:6, 7; 41:17, 18; 49:10.
18 Pr. 31:26. 1 Pe. 3:8; 4:8, 9.
19 ver. 14, 45, 46. 1 Pe. 4:9.
21 wondering at. 2 Sa. 7:18–20. Ps. 34:1–6; 107:1, 8, 15, 43; 116:1–7. Lu. 2:19, 51. to wit. i.e. ‘to know,’ or ‘to learn.’ the Lord. ver. 12, 56.
22 took. ver. 30. Ex. 32:2, 3. Es. 5:1. Je. 2:32. 1 Ti. 2:9, 10. 1 Pe. 3:3, 8. earring. or, jewel for the forehead. Ex. 32:2, 3. Is. 3:19–23. Eze. 16:11, 12. From the word being in the singular number, it is not likely to have been an ear-ring, or a ‘jewel for the forehead,’ but ‘a jewel for the nose, a nose-ring,’ which is in use throughout Arabia and Persia, particularly among young women. It is very properly translated επιρρινον, ‘an ornament for the nose,’ by SYMMACHUS; and Sir JOHN CHARDIN informs us, that ‘it is a custom in almost all the East, for the women to wear rings in their noses, in the left nostril, which is bored low down in the middle. These rings are of gold, and have commonly two pearls and one ruby between, placed in the ring. I never saw a girl or young woman in Arabia or in all Persia, who did not wear a ring after this manner in her nostril.’ of half. ch. 23:15, 16. bracelets. The word rendered ‘bracelet,’ from a root which signifies ‘to join or couple together,’ may imply whatever may clasp round the arms and legs; for rings and ornaments are worn round both by females in India and Persia. The small part of the leg, and the whole arm, from the shoulder to the wrist, are generally decorated in this way. As these were given Rebekah for ‘her hands,’ it sufficiently distinguishes them from similar ornaments for the ankles.
24 ver. 15; ch. 11:29; 22:20, 23.
25 ch. 18:4–8. Ju. 19:19–21. Is. 32:8. 1 Pe. 4:9.
26 ver. 48, 52; ch. 22:5. Ex. 4:31; 12:27; 34:8. 1 Ch. 29:20. 2 Ch. 20:18; 29:30. Ne. 8:6. Ps. 22:29; 66:4; 72:9; 95:6. Mi. 6:6. Phi. 2:10.
27 Blessed. ver. 12; ch. 9:26; 14:20. Ex. 18:10. Ru. 4:14. 1 Sa. 25:32, 39. 2 Sa. 18:28. 1 Ch. 29:10–13. Ps. 68:19; 72:18, 19. Lu. 1:68. Ep. 1:3. 1 Ti. 1:17. of his. ch. 32:10. Ps. 98:3; 100:5. Mi. 7:20. Jno. 1:17. the Lord. ver. 48. Pr. 3:6; 4:11–13; 8:20. of my. ver. 4; ch. 13:8. Ex. 2:11, 13.
28 of. ver. 48, 55, 67; ch. 31:33. her mother’s. Some have conjectured from this, that her father Bethuel was dead; and the person called Bethuel, (ver. 50,) was a younger brother. This is possible; but as Dr. A. CLARKE remarks, the mother’s house might be mentioned were even the father alive; for in Asiatic countries, the women have apartments entirely separate from those of the men, in which their little children and grown-up daughters reside with them. This was probably the case here; though, from the whole narrative, it is very probable that Bethuel was dead, as the whole business appears to be conducted by Rebekah’s brothers.
29 ver. 55, 60; ch. 29:5.
31 thou. ch. 26:29. Ju. 17:2. Ru. 3:10. Ps. 115:15. Pr. 17:8; 18:16. for I. ver. 25.
32 he ungirded. i.e. Laban ungirded. straw. Straw, by the eastern mode of threshing, was cut or shattered, and reduced to a kind of chaff. With this, sometimes mixed with a little barley, the eastern people still feed their labouring beasts, as they anciently did. wash. ch. 18:4; 19:2; 43:24. Ju. 19:21. 1 Sa. 25:41. Lu. 7:44. Jno. 3:4–14. 1 Ti. 5:10.
33 Job 23:12. Ps. 132:3–5. Pr. 22:29. Ec. 9:10. Jno. 4:14, 31–34. Ep. 6:5–8. 1 Ti. 6:2.
34 ver. 2.
35 the Lord. ver. 1; ch. 12:2; 13:2; 25:11; 26:12; 49:25. Ps. 18:35; 112:3. Pr. 10:22; 22:4. 1 Ti. 4:8. flocks. ch. 12:16; 13:2; 26:13, 14. Job 1:3; 42:10–12. Ps. 107:38. Mat. 6:33.
36 Sarah. ch. 11:29, 30; 17:15–19; 18:10–14; 21:1–7. Ro. 4:19. unto. ch. 21:10; 25:5.
37 And my. ver. 2–9; ch. 6:2; 27:46. Ezr. 9:1–3. Canaanites. The Canaanites were infected with gross idolatry; and consequently, not proper persons with whom to form so intimate a connexion; especially as Jehovah had shewn Abraham that they were filling up the measure of their iniquity, and were doomed to destruction.
38 But. ver. 4; ch. 12:1. my father’s. i.e. where the family of Haran his brother had settled; and where he himself had remained some time with his father Terah. Nahor did not dwell at Ur of the Chaldees, but at Haran in Mesopotamia. The true worship of God seems to have been in some measure preserved pure in this family, though afterwards corrupted. See ch. 31:19.
39 ver. 5. Peradventure. We may see, says CALMET, by this and other passages of Scripture, (Jos. 9:18,) what the sentiments of the ancients were relative to an oath. They believed that they were bound precisely by what was spoken, and had no liberty to interpret the intentions of those by whom the oath was made.
40 And he. ver. 7. before. ch. 5:22, 24; 6:9; 17:1; 48:15. 1 Ki. 2:3; 8:23. 2 Ki. 20:3. Ps. 16:8. will. ver. 7. Ex. 23:20; 33:2. Ps. 1:3; 91:11. Da. 3:28. He. 1:14. Re. 22:8, 16.
41 ver. 8. De. 29:12.
42 O Lord. ver. 12–14. Ac. 10:7, 8, 22. prosper. ver. 12, 31; ch. 39:3. Ezr. 8:21. Ne. 1:11. Ps. 37:5; 90:17. Ro. 1:10.
43 ver. 13, 14.
44 Both. Is. 32:8. 1 Ti. 2:10. He. 13:2. 1 Pe. 3:8. the woman. ver. 14; ch. 2:22. Pr. 16:33; 18:22; 19:14. appointed. Those events, which appear to us the effect of choice, contrivance, or chance, are matters of appointment with God; and the persuasion of this does not prevent, but rather encourage, the use of all proper means; at the same time that it confines us to proper means, and delivers the mind from useless anxiety about consequences.
45 before. ver. 15–20. Is. 58:9; 65:24. Da. 9:19, 23. Ac. 4:24–33; 10:30; 12:12–17. Mat. 7:7. speaking. 1 Sa. 1:13–15. 2 Sa. 7:27. Ne. 2:4. Ro. 8:26.
47 I put. ver. 22, 53. Ps. 45:9, 13, 14. Is. 62:3–5. Eze. 16:10–13. Ep. 5:26, 27.
48 bowed. ver. 26, 27, 52. led me. ver. 27; ch. 22:23. Ex. 18:20. Ezr. 8:21. Ps. 32:8; 48:14; 107:7. Pr. 3:5, 6; 4:11. Is. 48:17.
49 now if. ch. 47:29. Jos. 2:14. deal kindly and truly. Heb. do mercy and truth. ch. 32:10. Pr. 3:3. that I. Nu. 20:17. De. 2:27.
50 Laban. These seem both to be brothers, of whom Laban was the eldest and chief: the opinion of JOSEPHUS appears to be very correct, that Bethuel, the father, had been dead some time. See ver. 15, 28, 53, 55, 60. The thing. Ps. 118:23. Mat. 21:42. Mar. 12:11. we. ch. 31:24, 29. 2 Sa. 13:22. Ac. 11:17.
51 Rebekah. ch. 20:15. hath. ver. 15. 2 Sa. 16:10.
52 worshipped. ver. 26, 48. 1 Ch. 29:20. 2 Ch. 20:18. Ps. 34:1, 2; 95:6; 107:21, 22; 116:1, 2. Mat. 2:11. Ac. 10:25, 26.
53 jewels. Heb. vessels. The original word denotes vessels, utensils, instruments, furniture, or dress; and these presented by Abraham’s servant might have been of various kinds. Ex. 3:22; 11:2; 12:35. brother. No mention is made of her father, precious. This term, rendered ‘precious things,’ as may be seen in the parallel texts, is used to express exquisite fruits or delicacies, and precious plants or flowers: but here it may mean gifts in general, though rather of an inferior kind to those mentioned above. De. 33:13–16. 2 Ch. 21:3. Ezr. 1:6. Ca. 4:13. Is. 39:2.
54 Send me. ver. 56, 59; ch. 28:5, 6; 45:24. 2 Sa. 18:19, 27, 28. Pr. 22:29. Ec. 7:10. Lu. 8:38, 39.
55 a few days. or, a full year, or ten months. ch. 4:3. Le. 25:29. Ju. 14:8.
56 Hinder. ch. 45:9–13. Pr. 25:25. prospered. Jos. 1:8. Is. 48:15.
58 Ps. 45:10, 11. Lu. 1:38.
59 their. ver. 50, 53, 60. nurse. ch. 35:8. Nu. 11:12. 1 Th. 2:5.
60 they. ch. 1:28; 9:1; 14:19; 17:16; 28:3; 48:15, 16, 20. Ru. 4:11, 12. be thou the mother. or, ‘be thou for thousands of myriads; ‘a large family being always considered, in ancient times, as a proof of the peculiar blessing and favour of God. thousands. Da. 7:10. thy seed. See on ch. 22:17. Le. 25:46. De. 21:19.
61 they rode. ch. 31:34. 1 Sa. 30:17. Es. 8:10, 14. followed. ch. 2:24. Ps. 45:10.
62 Lahai-roi. ch. 16:14; 25:11. south. ch. 12:9.
63 to meditate. or, to pray. They who acknowledge God in all their ways, will find him present to direct their paths, and make their way prosperous; and when the prayer of faith meets with an immediate answer, the glory ought as speedily to be rendered to God in solemn praise and thanksgiving. Jos. 1:8. Ps. 1:2; 77:11, 12; 104:34; 119:15; 139:17, 18; 143:5, 6.
64 lighted. Jos. 15:18. Ju. 1:14.
65 a vail. ch. 20:16. 1 Co. 11:5, 6, 10. 1 Ti. 2:9.
66 Mar. 6:30.
67 his mother. ch. 18:6, 9, 10. Ca. 8:2. Is. 54:1–5. Sarah’s tent. Sarah being dead, her tent, which, according to the custom of the east, was distinct from that of Abraham, became now appropriated to the use of Rebekah. and took. ch. 2:22–24. 2 Co. 11:1, 2. Ep. 5:22–33. comforted. ch. 37:35; 38:12. 1 Th. 4:13, 15.


  CHAP. 25

  The sons of Abraham, by Keturah, 1–4. The division of his goods, 5, 6. His age, death, and burial, 7–10. God blesses Isaac, 11. The generations of Ishmael, 12–16. His age and death, 17, 18. Isaac prays for Rebekah, being barren, 19–21. The children strive in her womb, 22, 23. The birth of Esau and Jacob, 24–26. Their different characters and pursuits, 27, 28. Esau sells his birthright, 29–34.

1 A.M. cir. 2151. B.C. cir. 1853; ch. 23:1, 2; 28:1. 1 Ch. 1:32, 33.
2 A.M. cir. 2152. B.C. cir. 1852. she bare. 1 Ch. 1:32, 33. Je. 25:25. Zimri. Midian. ch. 36:35; 37:28, 36. Ex. 2:15, 16; 18:1–4. Nu. 22:4; 25:17, 18; 31:2, 8. Ju. ch. 6–8. Shuah. Job 2:11.
3 A.M. cir. 2180. B.C. cir. 1824. Sheba. 1 Ki. 10:1. Job 6:19. Ps. 72:10. Dedan. Je. 25:23; 49:8. Eze. 25:13; 27:20. Asshurim. 2 Sa. 2:9. Eze. 27:6.
4 A.M. cir. 2200. B.C. cir. 1804. Ephah. Is. 60:6.
5 A.M. cir. 2175. B.C. cir. 1829. ch. 21:10–12; 24:36. Ps. 68:18. Mat. 11:27; 28:18. Jno. 3:35; 17:2. Ro. 8:17, 32; 9:7–9. 1 Co. 3:21–23. Ga. 3:29; 4:28. Col. 1:19. He. 1:2. Isaac typified the Son of God, ‘whom HE hath appointed Heir of all things.’
6 concubines. ver. 1; ch. 16:3; 30:4, 9; 32:22; 35:22. Ju. 19:1, 2, 4. gifts. Ps. 17:14, 15. Mat. 5:45. Lu. 11:11–13. Ac. 14:17. sent. ch. 21:14. east country. Arabia Deserta, which was eastward of Beer-sheba, where Abraham dwelt. Ju. 6:3. Job. 1:1, 3.
7 A.M. 2183. B.C. 1821. ch. 12:4.
8 gave. ver. 17; ch. 35:18; 49:33. Ac. 5:5, 10; 12:23. good. ch. 15:15; 35:28, 29; 47:8, 9; 49:29. Ju. 8:32. 1 Ch. 29:28. Job 5:26; 42:17. Pr. 20:29. Je. 6:11. gathered. ver. 7; ch. 35:29; 49:33. Nu. 20:24; 27:13. Ju. 2:10. Ac. 13:36.
9 Isaac. ch. 21:9, 10; 35:29. in the cave. ch. 23:9–20; 49:29, 30; 50:13.
10 The field. ch. 23:16. there. ch. 49:31.
11 after. ch. 12:2; 17:19; 22:17; 50:24. Lahai-roi. ch. 16:14; 24:62.
12 ch. 16:10–15; 17:20; 21:13. Ps. 83:6.
13 the names. 1 Ch. 1:29–31. Nebajoth. From Nebajoth sprang the Nabatheans, who inhabited Arabia Petræa; from Kedar, the Cedreans, who dwelt near the Nabatheans; and from Jetur, the Itureans, who inhabited a small tract of country east of Jordan, which afterwards belonged to Manasseh. ch. 36:3. Is. 60:7. Kedar. Ps. 120:5. Ca. 1:5. Is. 21:16, 17; 42:11.
14 Dumah. Is. 21:11, 16.
15 Hadar. or, Hadad. More than 300 MSS. and printed editions read Hadad, as in 1 Ch. 1:30. Tema. 1 Ch. 5:19. Job 2:11. Naphish. These are evidently the same people mentioned in 1 Ch. 5:19, who, with the Itureans, assisted the Hagarenes against the Israelites, but were overcome by the two tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.
16 castles. The word tiroth, rendered ‘castles,’ is supposed by some to denote here ‘towers,’ fortified rocks, or mountain-tops, and fastnesses of various kinds in woods and hilly countries; but it rather means, ‘shepherds’ cots,’ surrounded by sufficient enclosures to prevent the cattle from straying, as the cognate Syriac word teyaro, and Arabic tawar, signify ‘a sheep fold.’ twelve. ch. 17:20, 23.
17 A.M. 2231. B.C. 1773. these are. ver. 7, 8 gathered. ch. 15:15.
18 Havilah. ch. 2:11; 10:7, 29; 20:1; 21:14, 21. as thou. ch. 13:10. toward. 2 Ki. 23:29. Is. 19:23, 24. died. Heb. fell. ch. 14:10. Ps. 78:64. in the. ch. 16:12.
19 A.M. 2108. B.C. 1896. Abraham. 1 Ch. 1:32. Mat. 1:2. Lu. 3:34. Ac. 7:8.
20 A.M. 2148. B.C. 1856. when he. ch. 22:23; 24:67. the Syrian. ch. 24:29; 28:5, 6; 31:18, 20, 24; 35:9. De. 26:5. Lu. 4:27.
21 A.M. 2167. B.C. 1837. intreated. 1 Sa. 1:11, 27. Ps. 50:15; 65:2; 91:15. Is. 45:11; 58:9; 65:24. Lu. 1:13. because. ch. 11:30; 15:2, 3; 16:2; 17:16–19. 1 Sa. 1:2. Lu. 1:7. and the. 1 Ch. 5:20. 2 Ch. 33:13. Ezr. 8:23. Ps. 145:19. Pr. 10:24. and Rebekah. Ro. 9:10–12.
22 A.M. 2168. B.C. 1836. enquire. 1 Sa. 9:9; 10:22; 22:15; 28:6; 30:8. Eze. 20:31; 36:37.
23 Two nations. ch. 17:16; 24:60. two manner. ver. 27; ch. 32:6; 33:3; 36:31. Nu. 20:14. the elder. ch. 27:29, 40. 2 Sa. 8:14. 1 Ki. 22:47. 1 Ch. 18:13. 2 Ch. 25:11, 12. Ps. 60:8, 9; 83:5–15. Is. ch. 34; 63:1–6. Je. 49:7–22. Eze. 25:12–14; ch. 35. Am. 1:11, 12. Ob. 1–16. Mal. 1:2–5. Ro. 9:10–13.
25 Esau. The word Esau has been generally considered to imply made, formed, or perfected; or perfect, robust, etc. But it appears to be a dialectical variation of the Arabic âtha, to be covered with hair; whence athai, hairy, as no doubt the word Esau imports, in allusion to the circumstance of his being covered with red hair or down at his birth. ch. 27:11, 16, 23.
26 And after. ch. 38:28–30. took. Ho. 12:3. Jacob. ch. 27:36. Isaac was. ver. 20.
27 a cunning. ch. 10:9; 21:20; 27:3–5, 40. a plain man. ch. 6:9; 28:10, 11; 31:39–41; 46:34. Job 1:1, 8; 2:3. Ps. 37:37. dwelling. He. 11:9.
28 he did eat of his venison. Heb. venison was in his mouth. ch. 27:4, 19, 25, 31. Rebekah. ch. 27:6.
29 A.M. 2199. B.C. 1805. and he. Ju. 8:4, 5. 1 Sa. 14:28, 31. Pr. 13:25. Is. 40:30, 31.
30 with that same red pottage. Heb. with that red, with that red pottage. This, we are informed, (ver. 34,) was of lentiles, a sort of pulse. Edom. i.e. red. ch. 36:1, 9, 43. Ex. 15:15. Nu. 20:14–21. De. 23:7. 2 Ki. 8:20.
32 at the point to die. Heb. going to die. and what. Job 21:15; 22:17; 34:9. Mal. 3:14. birthright. Ex. 22:9.
33 Swear. ch. 14:22; 24:3. Mar. 6:23. He. 6:16. and he sold. ch. 27:36; 36:6, 7. He. 12:16.
34 eat. Ec. 8:15. Is. 22:13. 1 Co. 15:32. thus Esau. Ps. 106:24. Zec. 11:13. Mat. 22:5; 26:15. Lu. 14:18–20. Ac. 13:41. Phi. 3:18, 19. He. 12:16, 17.


  CHAP. 26

  Isaac, because of famine, sojourns in Gerar, and the Lord instructs and blesses him, 1–6. He is reproved by Abimelech for denying his wife, 7–11. He grows rich, and the Philistines envy his prosperity, 12–17. He digs Esek, Sitnah, and Rehoboth, 18–22. God appears to him at Beer-sheba, and blesses him; and Abimelech makes a covenant with him, 23–33. Esau’s wives, 34, 35.

1 A.M. 2200. B.C. 1804. the first. ch. 12:10. And Isaac. ch. 25:11. Abimelech. ch. 20:2; 21:22–32.
2 appeared. ch. 12:7; 17:1; 18:1, 10–20. dwell. ch. 12:1. Ps. 37:3.
3 Sojourn. ver. 12, 14; ch. 20:1. Ps. 32:8; 37:1–6; 39:12. He. 11:9, 13–16. I will be. ch. 28:15; 39:2, 21. Is. 43:2, 5. Phi. 4:9. unto thee. ch. 12:1, 7; 13:15, 17; 15:18; 17:8. oath. ch. 22:16, 18. Ps. 105:9. Mi. 7:20. He. 6:17.
4 multiply. ch. 13:16; 15:5, 18; 17:4–8; 18:18; 22:17. He. 11:2. seed shall. ch. 12:2, 3; 22:18. Ps. 72:17. Ac. 3:25. Ga. 3:8, 16.
5 ch. 12:4; 17:23; 18:19; 22:16, 18. Ps. 112:1, 2; 128. Mat. 5:19; 7:24. 1 Co. 15:58. Ga. 5:6. He. 11:8. Ja. 2:21.
6 Gerar. ch. 20:1.
7 She is my sister. ch. 12:13; 20:2, 5, 12, 13. Pr. 29:25. Mat. 10:28. Ep. 5:25. Col. 3:9. fair. ch. 24:16.
8 a window. Ju. 5:28. Pr. 7:6. Ca. 2:9. sporting. Pr. 5:18, 19. Ec. 9:9. Is. 62:5.
10 ch. 12:18, 19; 20:9, 10.
11 toucheth. ch. 20:6. Ps. 105:15. Pr. 6:29. Zec. 2:8.
12 sowed. The author of the “History of the Piratical States of Barbary” observes, (44,) that the Moors of that country are divided into tribes like the Arabians, and like them dwell in tents, formed into itinerant villages; that ‘these wanderers farm lands of the inhabitants of the towns, sow and cultivate them, paying their rent with the produce, such as fruits, corn, wax, etc. They are very skilful in choosing the most advantageous soils for every season, and very careful to avoid the Turkish troops, the violence of the one little suiting the simplicty of the other.’ It is natural to suppose, that Isaac possessed the like sagacity, when he sowed in the land of Gerar, and received that year an hundred-fold. received. Heb. found. an hundredfold. Ps. 67:6; 72:16. Ec. 11:6. Zec. 8:12. Mat. 13:8, 23. Mar. 4:8. 1 Co. 3:6. 2 Co. 9:10, 11. Ga. 6:7, 8. blessed. ver. 3, 29; ch. 24:1, 35; 30:30. Job 42:12.
13 And the man waxed great. Dr. ADAM CLARKE remarks, that there is a strange and observable occurrence of the same term in the original, which is literally, ‘And the man was GREAT, and he went, going on, and was GREAT, until that he was exceeding GREAT.’ How simple is this language, and yet how forcible! waxed great. ch. 24:35. Ps. 112:3. went forward. Heb. went going.
14 had possession. ch. 12:16; 13:2. Job 1:3; 42:12. Ps. 112:3; 144:13, 14. Pr. 10:22. servants. or, husbandry. envied. ch. 37:11. 1 Sa. 18:9. Job 5:2. Ps. 112:10. Pr. 27:4. Ec. 4:4.
15 his father’s. ch. 21:30. had stopped. In those countries, a well of water was a great acquisition, and hence, this mode of injuring new settlers, or revenging themselves on their enemies, is still resorted to among the inhabitants.
16 Go. Dr. A. CLARKE observes, that this is the first instance on record of what was termed among the Greeks, ostracism, i.e. the banishment of a person from the state, of whose power, influence, or riches, the people were jealous. mightier. Ex. 1:9.
18 in the days. HOUBIGANT contends, that instead of bimey, ‘in the days,’ we should read avdey, ‘servants;’ agreeably to the Samaritan, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate: ‘And Isaac digged again the wells of water which the servants of Abraham his father had digged.’ and he. ch. 21:31. Nu. 32:38. Ps. 16:4. Ho. 2:17. Zec. 13:2.
19 springing water. Heb. living. Ca. 4:15. Jno. 4:10, 11; 7:38.
20 did strive. ch. 21:25. Esek. i.e. Contention.
21 Sitnah. i.e. Hatred. Ezr. 4:6.
22 digged. The wells in Arabia are generally dug in the rock: their months are about six feet in diameter, and they are from nineteen to twenty feet in depth. But NIEBUHR informs us, that many wells are from 160 to 170 feet deep. Rehoboth. i.e. Room. the Lord. Ps. 4:1; 18:19; 118:5. be fruitful. ch. 17:6; 28:3; 41:52. Ex. 1:7.
23 Beer-sheba. ch. 21:31; 46:1. Ju. 20:1.
24 I am the. ch. 15:1; 17:7; 24:12; 28:13; 31:5. Ex. 3:6. Mat. 22:32. Ac. 7:32. fear. ver. 3, 4; ch. 13:16; 22:19. Ps. 27:1–3; 46:1, 2. Is. 12:2; 41:10, 13–15; 43:1, 2; 44:2; 51:7, 12. Lu. 12:32. He. 13:6. Re. 1:17.
25 builded. ch. 8:20; 12:7; 13:18; 22:9; 33:20. 35:1. Ex. 17:15. called. Ps. 116:17.
26 Abimelech. ch. 20:3; 21:22–32. Phichol. Phichol, as well as Abimelech, ‘father king,’ seems to have been a name of office or dignity among the Philistines; for it is not probable that they were the same as are mentioned in the days of Abraham (ch. 21:22, 32.)
27 seeing. ver. 14, 16. Ju. 11:7. Ac. 7:9, 14, 27, 35. Re. 3:9. sent me. ver. 16.
28 We saw certainly. Heb. Seeing we saw. was with. ch. 21:22, 23; 39:5. Jos. 3:7. 2 Ch. 1:1. Is. 45:14; 60:14; 61:6, 9. Ro. 8:31. 1 Co. 14:25. He. 13:5. Let there. ch. 21:31, 32; 24:3, 41; 31:49–53. He. 6:16.
29 That thou wilt. Heb. If thou shalt, etc. not. ver. 11, 14, 15. the blessed. ver. 12; ch. 12:2; 21:22; 22:17; 24:31. Ps. 115:15.
30 ch. 19:3; 21:8; 31:54. Ro. 12:18. He. 12:14. 1 Pe. 4:9.
31 betimes. ch. 19:2; 21:14; 22:3; 31:55. sware. ch. 14:22; 21:23, 31, 32; 25:33; 31:44. 1 Sa. 14:24; 20:3, 16, 17; 30:15. He. 6:16.
32 We have. ver. 25. Pr. 2:4, 5; 10:4; 13:4. Mat. 7:7.
33 Shebah. i.e. an oath, therefore. ch. 21:31. Beer-sheba. i.e. the well of the oath. ver. 28. This may have been the same city which was called Beer-sheba a hundred years before this, in the time of Abraham; but as the well, from which it had its name originally, was closed up by the Philistines, the name of the place might have been abolished with the well; when, therefore, Isaac re-opened it, he restored the ancient name of the place.
34 A.M. 2208. B.C. 1796. And Esau. ch. 36:2, 5, 13. the daughter. ch. 24:3. Ex. 34:16. 1 Co. 7:2. He. 12:16. Bashemath. ch. 36:2.
35 Which. ch. 6:2; 27:46; 28:1, 2, 8. grief of mind. Heb. bitterness of spirit.


  CHAP. 27

  Isaac sends Esau for venison, 1–5. Rebekah instructs Jacob to obtain the blessing, 6–13. Jacob, feigning to be Esau, obtains it, 14–29. Esau brings venison, 30–32. Isaac trembles, 33. Esau complains, and by importunity obtains a blessing, 34–40. He threatens Jacob’s life, 41. Rebekah disappoints him, by sending Jacob away, 42–46.

1 A.M. 2244. B.C. 1760. dim. ch. 48:10. 1 Sa. 3:2. Ec. 12:3. Jno. 9:3. eldest son. ch. 25:23–25.
2 I know not. ch. 48:21. 1 Sa. 20:3. Pr. 27:1. Ec. 9:10. Is. 38:1, 3. Mar. 13:35. Ja. 4:14.
3 take, I. ch. 10:9; 25:27, 28. take me. Heb. hunt. ch. 25:27, 28. 1 Co. 6:12.
4 that I may eat. The blessing, says Dr. A. CLARKE, which Isaac was to confer on his son, was a species of divine right, and must be communicated with appropriate ceremonies. As eating and drinking were used among the Asiatics on almost all religious occasions, and especially in making and confirming covenants, it is reasonable to suppose, that something of this kind was essentially necessary on this occasion; and that Isaac could not convey the right, till he had eaten of the meat provided for the purpose by him who was to receive the blessing, that my. ver. 7, 23, 25, 27; ch. 14:19; 24:60; 28:3; 48:9, 15–20; 49:28. Le. 9:22, 23. De. 33:1, etc. Jos. 14:13; 22:6. Lu. 2:34; 24:51. He. 11:20.
7 before the. De. 33:1. Jos. 6:26. 1 Sa. 24:19.
8 ver. 13; ch. 25:23. Ac. 4:19; 5:29. Ep. 6:1.
9 two. Ju. 13:15. 1 Sa. 16:20. savoury. matammim, from taam, to taste or relish: how dressed is uncertain, but its name declares its nature, ver. 4.
11 hairy man. ch. 25:25.
12 feel. ver. 22. Job 12:16. 2 Co. 6:8. a deceiver. ver. 36; ch. 25:27. 1 Th. 5:22. and I shall. ch. 9:25. De. 27:18. Je. 48:10. Mal. 1:14.
13 Upon. ch. 25:23, 33; 43:9. 1 Sa. 14:24–28, 36–45; 25:24. 2 Sa. 14:9. Mat. 27:25.
14 mother. ver. 4, 7, 9, 17, 31; ch. 25:28. Ps. 141:4. Pr. 23:2, 3. Lu. 21:34.
15 goodly raiment. Heb. desirable, ver. 27. The Septuagint translates it ‘a goodly robe,’ which was a long garment that great men used to wear, (Lu. 20:46; 15:22.) The priest afterwards in the law had ‘holy garments’ to minister in, (Ex. 28:2–4.) Whether the first-born before the law had such to minister in is not certain; for, had they been common garments, why did not Esau himself or his wives keep them? But being, in likelihood, holy robes, received from their ancestors, the mother of the family kept them in sweet chests, from moths and the like; whereupon it is said, (ver. 27,) ‘Isaac smelled the smell of his garments.’
16 skins. Travellers inform us, that the Eastern goats have long, fine, and beautiful hair, of the most delicate silky softness; indeed the animals generally in those hot countries are not covered with so thick a coat of hair as they are in more northerly regions; so that Isaac might easily be deceived, when his eyes were dim, and his feeling no less impared than his sight.
19 I am. ver. 21, 24, 25; ch. 25:25; 29:23–25. 1 Ki. 13:18; 14:2. Is. 28:15. Zec. 13:3, 4. Mat. 26:70–74. that thy. ver. 4.
20 Because. Ex. 20:7. Job 13:7. to me. Heb. before me.
21 Come. Ps. 73:28. Is. 57:19. Ja. 4:8. may feel. ver. 12.
22 The voice. How wonderful, says Mr. SCOTT, is that difference which there is betwixt the faces and the voices of the several individuals of the human species! Scarcely any two of the innumerable millions are exactly alike in either, and yet the difference cannot be defined or described! The power, wisdom, and kindness of our Creator should be admired and adored in this remarkable circumstance; for they are very visible. This description of Jacob is not unaptly accommodated to the character of a hypocrite: his voice, his language, is that of a Christian; his hands, or conduct, that of an ungodly man: but the judgment will proceed from God, the Judge of all, at the last day, as in the present case, not by the voice, but by the hands.
23 his hands. ver. 16. he blessed. Ro. 9:11, 12. He. 11:20.
24 I am. 1 Sa. 21:2, 13; 27:10. 2 Sa. 14:5. Job 13:7, 8; 15:5. Pr. 12:19, 22; 30:8. Zec. 8:16. Ro. 3:7, 8. Ep. 4:25. Col. 3:9.
25 that my. ver. 4.
27 blessed. He. 11:20. the smell of a field. A field where aromatic plants, flowers, fruits, and spices grew in abundance, with which these garments (see ver. 15) of Esau might probably have been perfumed by being laid up with them. Ca. 2:13; 4:11–14; 7:12, 13. Ho. 14:6, 7. which. ch. 26:12. He. 6:7.
28 of the dew. De. 11:11, 12; 32:2; 33:13, 28. 2 Sa. 1:21. 1 Ki. 17:1. Ps. 65:9–13; 133:3. Is. 45:8. Je. 14:22. Ho. 14:5–7. Mi. 5:7. He. 11:20. the fatness. ver. 39; ch. 45:18; 49:20. Nu. 13:20. Ps. 36:8. Ro. 11:17. plenty. De. 7:13; 8:7–9; 33:28. Jos. 5:6. 1 Ki. 5:11. 2 Ch. 2:10. Ps. 65:9, 13; 104:15. Joel 2:19. Zec. 9:17.
29 Let people. ch. 9:25, 26; 22:17, 18; 49:8–10. 2 Sa. ch. 8; 10. 1 Ki. 4:21. Ps. 2:6–9; 72:8. Is. 9:7. Da. 2:44, 45. Re. 19:16. be lord. ver. 37; ch. 25:22, 23, 33. 2 Sa. 8:14. 1 Ki. 11:15, 16; 22:47. 1 Ch. 5:2. 2 Ch. 25:11–14. Ps. 60, title. Is. 63:1–6. Mal. 1:2–5. Ro. 9:12. cursed. ch. 12:3. Nu. 22:11, 12; 23:8; 24:9. Zep. 2:8, 9. Mat. 25:40, 45.
31 eat. ver. 4.
33 trembled very exceedingly. Heb. trembled with a great trembling greatly. Job 21:6; 37:1. Ps. 55:5. taken. Heb. hunted. thou camest. ver. 25. yea. ch. 28:3, 4. Jno. 10:10, 28, 29. Ro. 5:20, 21; 11:29. Ep. 1:3. He. 11:20.
34 he cried. 1 Sa. 30:4. Pr. 1:24–28, 31; 19:3. Lu. 13:24–28. He. 12:17.
35 ver. 19–23. 2 Ki. 10:19. Job 13:7. Mal. 2:10. Ro. 3:7, 8. 2 Co. 4:7. 1 Th. 4:6.
36 Jacob. i.e. a supplanter. ch. 25:26, 31–34; 32:28. Jno. 1:47. he took. ch. 25:26, 33, 34.
37 I have. ver. 29; ch. 25:23. 2 Sa. 8:14. Ro. 9:10–12. with. ver. 28. sustained, or, supported.
38 ver. 34, 36. ch. 49:28. Pr. 1:24–26. Is. 32:10–12; 65:14. He. 12:17.
39 Behold. ch. 36:6–8. Jos. 24:4. He. 11:20. the fatness. or, of the fatness, ver. 28. It is here foretold, says Bp. NEWTON, that as to temporal advantages, the two brothers should be much alike. (See ver. 28.) Esau had cattle, beasts, and substance in abundance, and he went to dwell in Mount Seir of his own accord. When the Israelites desired leave to pass through the territories of Edom, the country abounded with fruitful fields and vineyards. (Nu. 20:17.)
40 thy sword. ch. 32:6. Mat. 10:34. serve. ch. 25:23. 2 Sa. 8:14. 1 Ki. 11:15–17. 2 Ki. 14:7, 10. 1 Ch. 18:11–13. 2 Ch. 25:11, 12. Ps. 60:8. Ob. 17–21. that thou. 2 Ki. 8:20–22. 2 Ch. 21:8, 10; 28:17.
41 hated. ch. 4:2–8; 37:4, 8. Eze. 25:12–15; 35:5. Am. 1:11, 12. Ob. 10–14. 1 Jno. 3:12–15. The days. ch. 35:29; 50:3, 4, 10, 11. De. 34:8. 2 Ch. 35:24. Ps. 35:14. then. ch. 32:6. 2 Sa. 13:28, 29. Ps. 37:12, 13, 16; 140:4, 5; 142:3. Pr. 1:12, 13, 16; 6:14. Ec. 7:9. Ob. 10. Ep. 4:26, 27. Tit. 1:15, 16; 3:3. 1 Jno. 3:12–15.
42 comfort himself. ch. 37:18–20; 42:21, 22. 1 Sa. 30:5. Job 20:12–14. Ps. 64:5. Pr. 2:14; 4:16, 17.
43 obey. ver. 8, 13; ch. 28:7. Pr. 30:17. Je. 35:14. Ac. 5:29. Haran. ch. 11:31; 12:4, 5; 28:10.
44 a few days. ch. 31:38.
45 then I. Pr. 19:21. La. 3:37. Ja. 4:13–15. why. ch. 4:8–16; 9:5, 6. 2 Sa. 14:6, 7. Ac. 28:4.
46 I am. Nu. 11:15. 1 Ki. 19:4. Job 3:20–22; 7:16; 14:13. Jon. 4:3, 9. because. ch. 26:34, 35; 28:8; 34:1, 2. if Jacob. ch. 24:3.


  CHAP. 28

  Isaac blesses Jacob, and sends him to Padan-aram, 1–5. Esau marries Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, 6–9. Jacob journeys, and has a vision of a ladder, 10–17. The stone of Beth-el, 18, 19. Jacob’s vow, 20–22.

1 blessed. ver. 3, 4; ch. 27:4, 27–33; 48:15; 49:28. De. 33:1. Jos. 22:7. Thou shalt. ch. 6:2; 24:3, 37; 26:34, 35; 27:46; 34:9, 16. Ex. 34:15, 16. 2 Co. 6:14–16.
2 Arise. Ho. 12:12. Padan-aram. ver. 5; ch. 22:20–23; 24:10, 15–24; 25:20; 29:1; 31:18; 32:10; 35:9; 46:15. Laban. ch. 24:29, 50.
3 God. ch. 17:1–6; 22:17, 18; 35:11; 43:14; 48:3. Ex. 6:3. Ps. 127:1. 2 Co. 6:18. Re. 21:22. and make. ch. 1:28; 9:1; 13:16; 24:60; 41:52. Ps. 127:3–5; 128. a multitude. Heb. an assembly.
4 the blessing. 12:1–3, 7; 15:5–7; 17:6–8; 22:17, 18. Ps. 72:17. Ro. 4:7, 8. Ga. 3:8, 14. Ep. 1:3. wherein thou art a stranger. Heb. of thy so journings. ch. 17:8. which. ch. 12:7; 13:14–17; 15:18–21. Ps. 39:12; 105:6–12. He. 11:9–13.
5 sent away Jacob. Whoever observes Jacob’s life, after he had surreptitiously obtained his father’s blessing, will perceive that he enjoyed very little worldly felicity. His brother purposed to murder him, to avoid which he was forced to flee from his father’s house; his uncle Laban deceived him, as he had deceived his father, and treated him with great rigour; after a servitude of 21 years, he was obliged to leave him in a clandestine manner, not without danger of being brought back, or murdered by his enraged brother; no sooner were these fears over, than he experienced the baseness of his son Reuben, in defiling his bed; he had next to bewail the treachery and cruelty of Simeon and Levi towards the Shechemites; then he had to feel the loss of his beloved wife; he was next imposed upon by his own sons, and had to lament the supposed untimely end of Joseph; and to complete all, he was forced by famine to go into Egypt, and there died, in a strange land. So just; wonderful, and instructive are all the ways of Providence! Padan-aram. See ver. 2.
6 Esau. ch. 27:33. Thou. See ver. 1.
7 ch. 27:43. Ex. 20:12. Le. 19:3. Pr. 1:8; 30:17. Ep. 6:1, 3. Col. 3:20.
8 the daughters. ver. 1; ch. 24:3; 26:34, 35. pleased not. Heb. were evil in the eyes. 1 Sa. 8:6.
9 unto Ishmael. ch. 25:13–17; 36:3, 13, 18. Mahalath. called also, Bashemath. ch. 36:3. the sister.
10 ch. 11:31; 32:10. Ho. 12:12. Ac. 7:2. ch. 25:13.
11 took. ver. 18; ch. 31:46. Mat. 8:20. 2 Co. 1:5. put them. This should be ‘put it;’ for we find (ver. 18) it was only one stone.
12 he dreamed. ch. 15:1, 12; 20:3, 6, 7; 37:5–11; ch. 40; 41. Nu. 12:6. Job 4:12–21; 33:15, 16. Da. ch. 2; 4; 7:1. Mat. 1:20; 2:12, 13, 19. He. 1:1. ladder. ch. 32:1, 2. 2 Ch. 16:9. Is. 41:10. Jno. 1:51. 2 Ti. 4:16, 17. He. 1:14.
13 the Lord stood. ch. 35:1, 6, 7; 48:3. I am. ch. 15:1; 17:6, 7; 26:24; 31:42; 32:9; 46:3. Ex. 3:6, 15, 16. Mat. 22:32. He. 11:16. the land. ver. 4; ch. 12:7; 13:15; 35:12, 15, 17. Ps. 105:11. Eze. 37:24, 25. Ac. 7:5.
14 thy seed. ch. 13:16; 32:12; 35:11, 12. Nu. 23:10. Ac. 3:25. Re. 7:4, 9. spread abroad. Heb. break forth. to the west. ch. 13:14. De. 12:20. Mat. 8:11. and in thee. ch. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18; 26:4. Ps. 72:17. Ac. 3:25. Ga. 3:8, 16. Ep. 1:3.
15 I am. ver. 20, 21; ch. 26:24; 31:3; 32:9; 39:2, 21; 46:4. Ex. 3:12. Ju. 6:16. Ps. 46:7, 11. Is. 7:14; 8:10; 41:10; 43:2. Je. 1:19. Mat. 18:20; 28:20. Ro. 8:31, 32. 1 Ti. 4:8. keep. ch. 48:16. Ps. 121:5–8. bring. ch. 35:6, 7. for I. De. 31:6. Jos. 1:5. 1 Ki. 8:57. Jno. 10:28, 29. He. 13:5, 6. Jude 1. until. Nu. 23:19. Jos. 23:14–16. Mat. 24:35.
16 and I. Ex. 3:5; 15:11. Jo. 5:15. 1 Sa. 3:4–7. Job 9:11; 33:14. Ps. 68:35. Is. 8:13.
17 he was. Ex. 3:6. Ju. 13:22. Mat. 17:6. Lu. 2:9; 8:35. Re. 1:17. the house. ver. 22; ch. 35:1–13. 2 Ch. 5:14. Ec. 5:1. 1 Ti. 3:15. He. 10:21. 1 Pe. 4:17.
18 rose up. ch. 22:3. Ps. 119:60. Ec. 9:10. and took. The practice of setting up stones as a memorial by travellers still exists in Persia, and other parts of the East. set it. ch. 31:13, 45; 35:14, 20. Jo. 24:26, 27. 1 Sa. 7:12. 2 Sa. 18:18. Is. 19:19. poured. Le. 8:10–12. Nu. 7:1.
19 the name. ch. 12:8; 35:1; 48:3. Ju. 1:22–26. 1 Ki. 12:29. Ho. 4:15; 12:4, 5. Beth-el. i.e. the house of God.
20 vowed. ch. 31:13. Le. ch. 27. Nu. 6:1–20; 21:2, 3. Ju. 11:30, 31. 1 Sa. 1:11, 28; 14:24. 2 Sa. 15:8. Ne. ch. 9; 10. Ps. 22:25; 56:12; 61:5, 8; 66:13; 76:11; 116:14, 18; 119:106; 132:2. Ec. 5:1–7. Is. 19:21. Jno. 1:16. Ac. 18:18; 23:12–15. If God. See on ver. 15. will give. 1 Ti. 6:8.
21 I come. Ju. 11:31. 2 Sa. 19:24, 30. then. Ex. 15:2. De. 26:17. 2 Sa. 15:8. 2 Ki. 5:17.
22 God’s. ver. 17; ch. 12:8; 21:33; 33:20; 35:1, 15. I will. ch. 14:20. Le. 27:30–33. De. 14:22, 23.


  CHAP. 29

  Jacob comes to the well of Haran, 1–8. He becomes acquainted with Rachel, 9–12. Laban entertains him, 13–17. Jacob covenants for Rachel, 18–22. He is deceived by Laban with Leah, 23–27. He marries also Rachel, and serves for her seven years more, 28–31. Leah bears Reuben, 32; Simeon, 33; Levi, 34; and Judah, 35.

1 Jacob. Ps. 119:32, 60. Ec. 9:7. went on his journey. Heb. lifted up his feet. came. ch. 22:20–23; 24:10; 25:20; 28:5–7. Nu. 23:7. Ju. 6:3, 33; 7:12; 8:10. 1 Ki. 4:30. Ho. 12:12. people. Heb. children, east. The district of Mesopotamia, and the whole country beyond the Euphrates, are called Kedem, or the East, in the Sacred Writings.
2 a well. ch. 24:11, 13. Ex. 2:15, 16. Jno. 4:6, 14. there. Ps. 23:2. Ca. 1:6, 7. Is. 49, 10. Re. 7:17. a great stone. In Arabia, and other places in the East, they cover up their wells of water, lest the sand, which is put in motion by the winds, should fill and quite stop them up. So great was their care not to leave the well open any length of time, that they waited till the flocks were all gathered together before they began to draw water; and when they had finished, the well was immediately closed again.
3 the flocks. Instead of haädarim, ‘the flocks,’ the Samaritan reads haroim, ‘the shepherds,’ as does also the Arabic in WALTON’S Polyglott. This verse describes what was usually done by some mutual compact among the shepherds, and shows the purpose for which the flocks lay by the well; for the stone was not removed till all the flocks had been collected. SCOTT.
4 Of Haran. ch. 11:31; 24:10; 27:43; 28:10. Ac. 7:2, 4. Charran.
5 son of. ch. 24:24, 29; 31:53.
6 Is he well? Heb. there peace to him? ch. 37:14; 43:27. Ex. 18:7. 1 Sa. 17:22; 25:5. 2 Sa. 20:9.
7 Lo. Ga. 6:9, 10. Ep. 5:16. it is yet high day. Heb. yet the day is great.
8 until, ver. 3; ch. 34:14; 43:32. roll. Mar. 16:3. Lu. 24:2.
9 Rachel. ch. 24:15. Ex. 2:15, 16, 21. Ca. 1:7, 8. for she kept them. In those primitive times, a pastoral life was not only considered useful but honourable: nor was it beneath the dignity of the daughters of the most opulent chiefs to carry water from the well, or tend the sheep. Jacob, Moses, and David were shepherds.
10 rolled. Ex. 2:17.
11 kissed. ver. 13; ch. 27:26; 33:4; 43:30; 45:2, 14, 15. Ex. 4:27; 18:7. Ro. 16:16. and wept. ch. 33:4; 43:30; 45:2, 14, 15.
12 brother. ch. 13:8; 14:14–16. and she. ch. 24:28.
13 tidings. Heb. hearing. he ran. ch. 24:29. kissed. ch. 45:15. Ex. 4:27; 18:7. 2 Sa. 19:39. Lu. 7:45. Ac. 20:37. Ro. 16:16. all these. Col. 4:5.
14 art my. ver. 12, 15; ch. 2:23; 13:8. Ju. 9:2. 2 Sa. 5:1; 19:12, 13. Mi. 7:5. Ep. 5:30. the space of a month. Heb. a month of days.
15 tell me. ch. 30:28; 31:7.
16 was Leah. ver. 17, 25–32; ch. 30:19; 31:4; 33:2; 35:23; 46:15; 49:31. Ru. 4:11.
17 Rachel. ver. 6–12, 18; ch. 30:1, 2, 22; 35:19, 20, 24; 46:19–22; 48:7. 1 Sa. 10:2. Je. 31:15. Mat. 2:18. beautiful. ch. 12:11; 24:16; 39:6. Pr. 31:30.
18 loved. ver. 20, 30. I will serve. In ancient times, it was a custom among many nations to give dowries for their wives; but Jacob, being poor, offered for Rachel seven years’ service. ch. 31:41; 34:12. Ex. 22:16, 17. 2 Sa. 3:14. Ho. 3:2; 12:12.
19 Ps. 12:2. Is. 6:5, 11.
20 A.M. 2251. B.C. 1753. served. ch. 30:26. Ho. 12:12. for the love. ch. 24:67. Ca. 8:6, 7. 1 Co. 13:7. 2 Co. 5:14. Ep. 5:2.
21 Give me. Mat. 1:18. my days. ver. 18, 20; ch. 31:41. go in. ch. 4:1; 38:16. Ju. 15:1.
22 and made. Ju. 14:10–18. Ru. 4:10–13. Mat. 22:2–10; 25:1–10. Jno. 2:1–10. Re. 19:9.
23 brought her. ch. 24:65; 38:14, 15. Mi. 7:5.
24 Zilpah. ch. 16:1; 24:59; 30:9–12; 46:18.
25 in the morning. 1 Co. 3:13. wherefore. ch. 27:35, 36. Ju. 1:7. Pr. 11:31. Mat. 7:2, 12. Jno. 21:17. Re. 3:19.
26 country. Heb. place.
27 week. ch. 2:2, 3; 8:10–12. Le. 18:18. Ju. 14:10, 12. Mal. 2:15. Mat. 19:5. 1 Ti. 6:10. we will. ver. 20.
28 fulfilled her week. The public marriage feast made on this occasion, seems to have formed the regular method of recognising the marriage, and lasted seven days: it would therefore have been improper to have broken off the solemnities to which all the men of the place had been invited (ver. 22) and probably Laban wished to keep the fraud from the public eye. It is perfectly plain that Jacob did not serve seven years more before he got Rachel to wife.
29 Bilhah. See on ver. 24; ch. 30:3–8; 35:22, 25; 37:2.
30 he loved. ver. 20, 31; 44:20, 27. De. 21:15. Mat. 6:24; 10:37. Lu. 14:26. Jno. 12:25. served. ver. 18; ch. 30:25, 26; 31:15, 41. 1 Sa. 18:17–27. Ho. 12:12.
31 saw. Ex. 3:7. was hated. ver. 30; ch. 27:41. De. 21:15. Mal. 1:3. Mat. 6:24; 10:37. Lu. 14:26. Jno. 12:25. he opened. ch. 16:1; 20:18; 21:1, 2; 25:21; 30:1, 2, 22. Ju. 13:2, 3. 1 Sa. 1:5, 20, 27; 2:21. Ps. 127:3. Lu. 1:7.
32 A.M. 2252. B.C. 1752. his name. ch. 35:22; 37:21, 22, 29; 42:22, 27; 46:8, 9; 49:3, 4. 1 Ch. 5:1. Reuben. that is, See a son. looked. Ex. 3:7; 4:31. De. 26:7. 1 Sa. 1:11, 20. 2 Sa. 16:12. Ps. 25:18; 106:44. Lu. 1:25.
33 A.M. 2253. B.C. 1751. Because. ch. 30:6, 8, 18, 20. called. ch. 34:25, 30; 35:23; 42:24; 49:5, 6. Simeon. that is, Hearing.
34 A.M. 2254. B.C. 1750. was. ch. 34:25; 35:23; 46:11; 49:5–7. Ex. 2:1; 32:26–29. De. 33:8–10. Levi. that is, joined. Nu. 18:2–4.
35 A.M. 2255. B.C. 1749. called. ch. 35:26; ch. 38; 43:8, 9; 44:18–34; 46:12; 49:8–12. De. 33:7. 1 Ch. 5:2. Mat. 1:2. Judah. that is, Praise. left bearing. Heb. stood from bearing. ch. 49:8. That is, for a time; for she had several children afterwards. (See ch. 30:17, etc.).


  CHAP. 30

  Rachel, in grief for her barrenness, gives Bilhah her maid unto Jacob, 1–4. Bilhah bears Dan and Naphtali, 5–8. Leah gives Zilpah her maid, who bears Gad and Asher, 9–13. Reuben finds mandrakes, with which Leah buys her husband’s company of Rachel, 14–16. Leah bears Issachar, Zebulun, and Dinah, 17–21. Rachel bears Joseph, 22–24. Jacob desires to depart, 25, 26. Laban detains him on a new agreement, 27–36. Jacob’s policy, whereby he becomes rich, 37–43.

1 When Rachel. ch. 29:31. Rachel envied. Envy and jealousy are most tormenting passions to the breast which harbours them, vexatious to all around, and introductory to much impatience and ungodliness. ‘Who is able to stand before envy?’ ch. 37:11. 1 Sa. 1:4–8. Ps. 106:16. Pr. 14:30. Ec. 4:4. 1 Co. 3:3. Ga. 5:21. Tit. 3:3. Ja. 3:14; 4:5. or else I die. ch. 35:16–19; 37:11. Nu. 11:15, 29. 1 Ki. 19:4. Job 3:1–3, 11, 20–22; 5:2; 13:19. Je. 20:14–18. Jno. 4:3, 8. 2 Co. 7:10.
2 anger. ch. 31:36. Ex. 32:19. Mat. 5:22. Mar. 3:5. Ep. 4:26. Am I. ch. 16:2; 25:21; 50:19. 1 Sa. 1:5; 2:5, 6. 2 Ki. 5:7. withheld. De. 7:13, 14. Ps. 113:9; 127:3. Lu. 1:42.
3 Behold. ver. 9; ch. 16:2, 3. she shall. ch. 50:23. Job 3:12. have children by her. Heb. be built up by her. ch. 16:2, marg. Ru. 4:11.
4 to wife. ch. 16:3; 21:10; 22:24; 25:1, 6; 33:2; 35:22. 2 Sa. 12:11.
6 A.M. 2256. B.C. 1748. God. ch. 29:32–35. Ps. 35:24; 43:1. La. 3:59. Dan. that is, Judging. ch. 35:25; 46:23; 49:16, 17. De. 33:22. Ju. 13:2, 24; 15:14–20.
7 A.M. 2257. B.C. 1747.
8 great wrestlings. Heb. wrestlings of God. ch. 23:6; 32:24. Ex. 9:28. 1 Sa. 14:15, marg. and she. ch. 35:25; 46:24; 49:21. De. 33:23. Naphtali. that is, My wrestling. ch. 32:24, 25. Mat. 4:13. Nephthalim.
9 A.M. 2256. B.C. 1748. left. ver. 17; ch. 29:35. gave her. ver. 4; ch. 16:3.
11 she. ch. 35:26; 46:16; 49:19. De. 33:20, 21. Gad. that is, A troop, or company. Is. 65:11.
13 A.M. 2257. B.C. 1747. Happy am I. Heb. In my happiness. will call. Pr. 31:28. Ca. 6:9. Lu. 1:48. and she. ch. 35:26; 46:17; 49:20. De. 33:24, 25. Asher. that is, Happy.
14 A.M. 2256. B.C. 1748. mandrakes. The mandrake may be the Hebrew dudaïm: it is so rendered by all the ancient versions, and is a species of melon, of an agreeable odour. HASSELQUIST, speaking of Nazareth in Galilee, says, ‘What I found most remarkable at this village was the great number of mandrakes which grew in a vale below it. I had not the pleasure of seeing this plant in blossom, the fruit now (May 5th, O. S.) hanging ripe on the stem, which lay withered on the ground. From the season in which this mandrake blossoms and ripens fruit, one might form a conjecture that it was Rachel’s dudaïm. These were brought her in the wheat harvest, which in Galilee is in the month of May, about this time, and the mandrake was now in fruit.’ The ABBE MARITI describes it as growing ‘low like a lettuce, to which its leaves have a great resemblance, except that they have a dark green colour. The flowers are purple, and the root is for the most part forked. The fruit, when ripe in the beginning of May, is of the size and colour of a small apple, exceedingly ruddy, and of a most agreeable odour. Our guide thought us fools for suspecting it to be unwholesome.’ Ca. 7:13. Give me. ch. 25:30.
15 Nu. 16:9, 10, 13. Is. 7:13. Eze. 16:47. 1 Co. 4:3.
17 A.M. 2257. B.C. 1747. ver. 6, 22. Ex. 3:7. 1 Sa. 1:20, 26, 27. Lu. 1:13.
18 and she. ch. 35:23; 46:13; 49:14, 15. De. 33:18. 1 Ch. 12:32. Issachar. that is, An hire.
20 A.M. cir. 2258. B.C. cir. 1746. now will. ver. 15; ch. 29:34. and she. ch. 35:23; 46:14; 49:13. Ju. 4:10; 5:14. Ps. 68:27. Zebulun. that is, Dwelling. Mat. 4:13. Zabulon.
21 A.M. cir. 2259. B.C. 1745. and called. ch. 34:1–3, 26; 46:15. Dinah. that is, Judgment.
22 remembered. ch. 8:1; 21:1; 29:31. 1 Sa. 1:19, 20. Ps. 105:42. opened. ver. 2; ch. 21:1, 2; 25:21; 29:31. Ps. 113:9; 127:3.
23 ‘Be fruitful and multiply,’ was the blessing of God: barrenness therefore was reckoned a reproach. The intense desire of having children, observable among the Jewish women, arose not only from this reproach of barrenness, but from the hope of being the mother of the promised seed, and Him in whom all the nations of the earth were to be blessed. ch. 29:31. 1 Sa. 1:5, 6. Is. 4:1. Lu. 1:21, 25, 27.
24 And she. ch. 35:24; 37:2, 4; ch. 39; 42:6; 48:1, etc.; 49:22–26. De. 33:13–17. Eze. 37:16. Ac. 7:9–15. He. 11:21, 22. Re. 7:8. Joseph. that is, Adding. ch. 35:17, 18.
25 Send me away. ch. 24:54, 56. mine. ch. 18:33; 31:55. and to. ch. 24:6, 7; 26:3; 27:44, 45; 28:13, 15; 31:13. Ac. 7:4, 5. He. 11:9, 15, 16.
26 my wives. ch. 29:19, 20, 30; 31:26, 31, 41. Ho. 12:12. for thou. ver. 29, 30; ch. 31:6, 38–40.
27 favour. ch. 18:3; 33:15; 34:11; 39:3–5, 21; 47:25. Ex. 3:21. Nu. 11:11, 15. Ru. 2:13. 1 Sa. 16:22. 1 Ki. 11:19. Ne. 1:11; 2:5. Da. 1:9. Ac. 7:10. the Lord. ver. 30; ch. 12:3; 26:24; 39:2–5, 21–23. Ps. 1:3. Is. 6:13; 61:9; 65:8.
28 ch. 29:15, 19.
29 See on ver. 5; ch. 31:6, 38–40. Mat. 24:45. Ep. 6:5–8. Col. 3:22–25. Tit. 2:9, 10. 1 Pe. 2:15, 18.
30 increased. Heb. broken forth. ver. 43. and the. ver. 27. since my coming. Heb. at my foot. De. 11:10. when. 2 Co. 12:14. 1 Ti. 5:8.
31 2 Sa. 21:4–6. Ps. 118:8. He. 13:5.
32 of such. ver. 35; ch. 31:8, 10.
33 righteousness. ch. 31:37. 1 Sa. 26:23. 2 Sa. 22:21. Ps. 37:6. answer. Is. 59:12. in time to come. Heb. to-morrow. Ex. 13:14. that shall be. Supply the ellipsis by inserting ‘if found,’ after ‘stolen,’ and the sense will be clear.
34 Nu. 22:29. 1 Co. 7:7; 14:5. Ga. 5:12.
35 he removed. From this it appears, that, as Jacob had agreed to take all the parti-coloured for his wages, and was now only beginning to act upon this agreement, and consequently had as yet no right to any of the cattle, therefore Laban separated from the flock all such cattle as Jacob might afterwards claim in consequence of his bargain, leaving only the black and white with Jacob. the hand. ch. 31:9.
37 Jacob. ch. 31:9–13. green poplar. Livneh is the white poplar, so called from the whiteness of its leaves, bark, and wood, from lavan, to be white. hasel. JEROME, HILLER, CELSIUS, Dr. SHAW, BOCHART, and other learned men, say, that luz is not the ‘hazel,’ but the almond-tree, as the word denotes both in Arabic and Syriac. chesnut tree. The Heb. word ârmon, signifies ‘the plane-tree,’ so called from the bark naturally peeling off, and leaving the trunk naked, as its root âram, signifies. Eze. 31:8.
39 brought forth. ch. 31:9–12, 38, 40, 42. Ex. 12:35, 36.
41 whensoever the stronger cattle did conceive. As the means which Jacob used would not in general produce similar effects, nay, probably the experiment was never in any other instance tried with effect, it is more in harmony with Divine truth to suppose that he was directed by some Divine intimation; and rendered successful, if not by a direct miracle, yet at least by the Lord’s giving a new and uncommon bias to the tendency of natural causes.
43 ver. 30; ch. 13:2; 24:35; 26:13, 14; 28:15; 31:7, 8, 42; 32:10; 33:11; 36:7. Ec. 2:7. Eze. 39:10. The Lord will, in one way or other, honour those who simply trust his providence.


  CHAP. 31

  Jacob, displeased with the envy of Laban and his sons, departs secretly, 1–21. Rachel steals her father’s images, 19. Laban pursues after him, and complains of the wrong, 22–33. Rachel’s stratagem to hide the images, 34, 35. Jacob’s complaint of Laban, 36–42. The covenant of Laban and Jacob at Galeed, 43–55.

1 Jacob. ver. 8, 9. Job 31:31. Ps. 57:4; 64:3, 4; 120:3–5. Pr. 14:30; 27:4. Ec. 4:4. Eze. 16:44. Tit. 3:3. glory. ‘Glory’ is here used for ‘wealth,’ riches, or property; since those who possess riches, generally make them the subject of glory. The original word cavod, signifies both ‘glory’ and ‘weight.’ ch. 45:13. Es. 5:11. Job 31:24, 25. Ps. 17:14; 49:16, 17. Ec. 4:4. Is. 5:14. Je. 9:23. Mat. 4:8. 1 Ti. 6:4. 1 Pe. 1:24.
2 countenance. ch. 4:5. De. 28:54. 1 Sa. 18:9–11. Da. 3:19. it was. ch. 30:27. as before. Heb. as yesterday and the day before. Ex. 4:10. De. 19:4. 1 Sa. 19:7, marg.
3 Return. ch. 28:15, 20, 21, etc.; 32:9; 35:1; 46:2, 3; 50:24. Ps. 46:1; 50:15; 90:15. land. ver. 13, 18; ch. 13:15; 26:3–5; 28:4, 13, 15; 30:25. with thee. ch. 21:22; 26:24; 28:15; 32:9. Is. 41:10. He. 13:5.
5 I see. ver. 2, 3. the God. ver. 3, 13, 42, 53. ch. 32:9; 48:15; 50:17.
6 ver. 38–42; ch. 30:29. Ep. 6:5–8. Col. 3:22–25. Tit. 2:9, 10. 1 Pe. 2:18.
7 ten times. The Hebrew, âsereth monim, is literally, as AQUILA renders, ‘ten numbers;’ and SYMMACHUS, ‘ten times in number;’ which probably implies an indefinite number: see ver. 41. Le. 26:26. Nu. 14:22. Ne. 4:12. Job 19:8. Is. 4:1. Zec. 8:23. God. ver. 29; ch. 20:6. Job 1:10. Ps. 37:28; 105:14, 15. Is. 54:17.
8 ch. 30:32.
9 ver. 1, 16. Es. 8:1, 2. Ps. 50:10. Pr. 13:22. Mat. 20:15.
10 a dream. ver. 24; ch. 20:6; 28:12. Nu. 12:6. De. 13:1. 1 Ki. 3:5. rams. or, he-goats. ring-straked. ch. 30:39. grisled. The original word, beroodim, from barad, ‘hail,’ means marked with white spots like hail; to which our word grisled, from the old French gresle, now grêle, hail, perfectly agrees; hence greslê, spotted with white on a dark ground.
11 the angel. ver. 5, 13; ch. 16:7–13; 18:1, 17; 48:15, 16. Here am I. ch. 22:1. Ex. 3:4. 1 Sa. 3:4, 6, 8, 16. Is. 58:9.
12 Lift up. ch. 30:37–43. I have seen. ver. 42. Ex. 3:7, 9. Le. 19:13. De. 24:15. Ps. 12:5; 139:3. Ec. 5:8. Ac. 7:34. Ep. 6:9.
13 the God. ch. 28:12–22; 35:7. return. ver. 3; ch. 32:9.
14 Rachel. Ru. 4:11. yet any. ch. 2:24; 29:24, 29.
15 sold us. ver. 41; ch. 29:15–20, 27–30; 30:26. Ex. 21:7–11. Ne. 5:8.
16 which God. See on ver. 1, 9; ch. 30:35–43. whatsoever. Ps. 45:10.
17 upon camels. ch. 24:10, 61. 1 Sa. 30:17.
18 for to go. ch. 27:1, 2, 41; 28:21; 35:27–29.
19 images. Heb. teraphim. ver. 30, 32; ch. 35:2. Jos. 24:2. Ju. 17:4, 5; 18:14–24, 31. 1 Sa. 19:13. Eze. 21:21. Ho. 3:4. These might have been images devoted to superstitious or idolatrous purposes, as they are termed gods by Laban, in ver. 30. The Targums of ONKELOS and JONATHAN render it, tzalmanaya, ‘images;’ the LXX. and THEODORET, ειδωλα, ‘idols;’ AQUILA, μορφωματα, ‘figures;’ and the Persian, asterlabha, ‘astrolabes.’
20 unawares to Laban. Heb. the heart of Laban. See references on ver. 27.
21 passed. ch. 2:14; 15:18. Jos. 24:2, 3. set his. ch. 46:28. Nu. 24:1. 2 Ki. 12:17. Je. 50:5. Lu. 9:51–53. Gilead. ver. 23. Nu. 32:1. De. 3:12. Jos. 13:8, 9. Ju. 10:18. 1 Ki. 17:1.
22 ch. 30:36. Ex. 14:5, etc. Job 5:12, 13.
23 ch. 13:8; 24:27. Ex. 2:11, 13.
24 the Syrian. ch. 28:5. De. 26:5. Ho. 12:12. dream. ver. 10, 29; ch. 20:3; 40:5; 41:1. Nu. 12:6; 22:20, 26. 1 Ki. 3:5. Job 33:15–17, 25. Mat. 1:20; 2:12; 27:19. Take heed. ver. 42; ch. 24:50. Nu. 24:13. 2 Sa. 13:22. Ps. 105:14, 15. Is. 37:29. either good or bad. Heb. from good to bad.
25 ch. 12:8; 33:18. He. 11:9.
26 What. ver. 36; ch. 3:13; 4:10; 12:18; 20:9, 10; 26:10. Jos. 7:19. 1 Sa. 14:43; 17:29. Jno. 18:35. carried. ver. 16; ch. 2:24; 34:29. 1 Sa. 30:2.
27 Wherefore. ver. 3–5, 20, 21, 31. Ju. 6:27. steal away from me. Heb. hast stolen me. ver. 20, marg. that I. Pr. 26:23–26. with mirth. ch. 24:59, 60. Job 21:11–14. tabret. Ex. 15:20.
28 kiss. ver. 55; ch. 29:13. Ex. 4:27. Ru. 1:9, 14. 1 Ki. 19:20. Ac. 20:37. foolishly. ver. 3, 13, 24. 1 Sa. 13:13. 2 Ch. 16:9. 1 Co. 2:14.
29 the power. Ps. 52:1. Jno. 19:10, 11. the God. ver. 42, 53; ch. 28:13. Jos. 24:2, 3. 2 Ki. 19:10. Da. 2:47; 3:28; 6:20, 26. yesternight. ver. 24. Take. Ac. 5:38, 39; 9:5.
30 my gods. ver. 19. Ex. 12:12. Nu. 33:4. Ju. 6:31; 18:24. 1 Sa. 5:2–6. 2 Sa. 5:21. Is. 37:19; 46:1, 2. Je. 10:11; 43:12.
31 Because. ver. 26, 27; ch. 20:11. Pr. 29:25.
32 whomsoever. This was rash, and might have produced fatal effects; but Jacob was partial to Rachel, and did not suspect her; and he was indignant at being accused of a crime which he deeply abhorred. SCOTT. ver. 19, 30; ch. 44:9–12. before. ver. 23; ch. 13:8; 19:7; 30:33. 1 Sa. 12:3–5. 2 Co. 8:20, 21; 12:17–19. For Jacob. 1 Sa. 14:24–29.
33 Leah’s. ch. 24:28, 67.
34 had taken. ver. 17, 19. furniture. The word car, rendered ‘furniture,’ properly denotes ‘a large round pannier,’ placed one on each side of a camel, for a person, especially women, to ride in. It is a hamper, like a cradle, having a back, head, and sides, like a great chair. MORYSON describes them as ‘two long chairs like cradles, covered with red cloth, to hang on the two sides of the camel.’ HANWAY calls them kedgavays, which ‘are a kind of covered chairs, which the Persians hang over their camels in the manner of panniers, and are big enough for one person to sit in.’ THEVENOT, who calls them counes, says that they lay over them a cover, which keeps them both from the rain and sun; and MAILLET describes them as covered cages, hanging on each side of a camel. The late Editor of CALMET has furnished a correct delineation of these cars, as seen on one side of a camel, copied from DALTON’S Prints of Egyptian Figures. searched. Heb. felt.
35 my lord. ch. 18:12. Ex. 20:12. Le. 19:3. Ep. 6:1. 1 Pe. 2:18; 3:6. rise up. Le. 19:32. 1 Ki. 2:19. custom. ch. 18:11. Le. 15:19.
36 was wroth. ch. 30:2; 34:7; 49:7. Nu. 16:15. 2 Ki. 5:11; 13:19. Pr. 28:1. Mar. 3:5. Ep. 4:26. Ja. 1:19, 20.
37 set it here. ver. 32. Jos. 7:23. 1 Sa. 12:3, 4. Mat. 18:16. 1 Co. 6:4, 5. 1 Th. 2:10. He. 13:18. 1 Pe. 2:12; 3:16.
38 twenty. ver. 41. ewes. ch. 30:27, 30. Ex. 23:26. De. 28:4. the rams. Eze. 34:2–4.
39 torn of. Ex. 22:10, 31. Le. 22:8. 1 Sa. 17:34, 35. Jno. 10:12, 13. I bare. Ex. 22:10–13. or stolen. Lu. 2:8.
40 Ex. 2:19–22; 3:1. Ps. 78:70, 71. Ho. 12:12. Lu. 2:8. Jno. 21:15–17. He. 13:7. 1 Pe. 5:2–4.
41 fourteen. ver. 38; ch. 29:18–30; 30:33–40. 1 Co. 15:10. 2 Co. 11:26. ten times. See on ver. 7.
42 Except. ver. 24, 29. Ps. 124:1–3. fear. ver. 53; ch. 27:33. Ps. 76:11, 12; 124:1. Is. 8:13. hath seen. ver. 12; ch. 11:5; 16:11, 13; 29, 32. Ex. 3:7. 1 Ch. 12:17. Ps. 31:7. Jude 9.
44 let us. ch. 15:18; 21:22–32; 26:28–31. 1 Sa. 20:14–17. a witness. ver. 48, 52; ch. 21:30. De. 31:19, 21, 26. Jos. 22:27; 24:25–27. God can put a bridle into the mouth of wicked men to restrain their malice; and then, though they have no love for his people, they will pretend to it, and try to make a merit of necessity. SCOTT.
45 ch. 28:18–22.
46 brethren. ver. 23, 32, 37, 54. Gather. Jos. 4:5–9, 20–24; 7:26. 2 Sa. 18:17. Ec. 3:5. an heap. The word gal, rendered ‘heap,’ properly signifies a round heap or circle; probably like the Druidical remains in this country, which have been traced in India, Persia, Western Asia, Greece, and Northern Europe. These usually consist of irregular circles of large stones, with a principal one in the midst; the former probably being used for seats, and the latter for an altar; corresponding to the stone set up as a pillar by Jacob, and the heap of stones collected by his brethren. They appear to have been used, as Gilgal undoubtedly was, (Jos. 4:5. Ju. 2:1; 3:19; ch. 20. 1 Sa. 7:16; 10:8, 17; 11:15; 13:7; 15:33. 2 Sa. 19:15, 40. 2 Ki. 2:1.) as temples, and as places for holding councils, and assembling the people. For a satisfactory elucidation of this subject, consult the Fragments to Calmet, Nos. 156, 735, 736.
47 Jegar-sahadutha. i.e. the heap of witness. Chald. Galeed. i.e. the heap of witness. Heb. He. 12:1.
48 This heap. Jos. 24:27. Galeed. or, Gilead. ver. 23. De. 2:36; 3:16. Jos. 13:8, 9.
49 Mizpah. i.e. a beacon, or watch-tower. Ju. 10:17; 11:11, 29. Mizpeh. 1 Sa. 7:5. 1 Ki. 15:22. Ho. 5:1.
50 afflict. Le. 18:18. Mat. 19:5, 6. God. Ju. 11:10. 1 Sa. 12:5. Je. 29:23; 42:5. Mi. 1:2. Mal. 2:14; 3:5. 1 Th. 2:5.
51 I have cast. For yarithi, ‘I have set up,’ we may read, yaritha, ‘THOU hast set up,’ with one Heb. and one Sam. MS.: see ver. 45.
52 See on ver. 44, 45, 48.
53 God of Abraham. ch. 11:24–29, 31; 17:7; 22:20–24; 24:3, 4. Ex. 3:6. Jos. 24:2. their father. For avihem, ‘THEIR father,’ several MSS. read avichem, ‘YOUR father,’ for Terah was an idolater: see Jos. 24:2. judge. ch. 16:5. sware. ch. 14:22; 21:23, 24; 24:3; 26:28–31. fear. ver. 42. De. 6:13.
54 offered sacrifice. or, killed beasts. did eat. ch. 21:8; 26:30; 37:25. Ex. 18:12. 2 Sa. 3:20, 21.
55 and kissed. ver. 28; ch. 33:4. Ru. 1:14. blessed. ch. 24:60; 28:1. Nu. 23:5, 8, 11. De. 23:5. Pr. 16:7. returned. ch. 18:33; 30:25. Nu. 24:25. De. 32:36. Ps. 76:10. Ac. 28:4, 5.


  CHAP. 32

  Jacob’s vision at Mahanaim, 1, 2. His message to Esau, 3–5. He is afraid of Esau’s coming, 6–8. He prays for deliverance, 9–12. He sends a present to Esau, and passes the brook Jabbok, 13–23. He wrestles with an angel at Peniel, where he is called Israel, 24–30. He halts, 31, 32.

1 angels. Ps. 91:11. He. 1:4. 1 Co. 3:22. Ep. 3:10.
2 God’s. Jos. 5:14. 2 Ki. 6:17. Ps. 34:7; 103:21; 148:2. Da. 10:20. Lu. 2:13. the name. Jos. 21:38. 2 Sa. 2:8, 12; 17:24, 26, 27. 1 Ki. 2:8; 4:14. Mahanaim. i.e. two hosts, or camps. Ca. 6:13. Mahanaim was situated between Gilead and the river Jabbok, near the present Djezan.
3 sent. Mal. 3:1. Lu. 9:52; 14:31, 32. land. The land, or mountains, of Seir was situated south and east of the Dead Sea; forming a continuation of the eastern Syrian chain of mountains, beginning with Antilibanus, and extending from thence to the eastern gulf of the Red Sea. Seir. ch. 14:6; 33:14, 16; 36:6–8. De. 2:5, 22. Jos. 24:4. country. Heb. field. Edom. See on ch. 25:30.
4 my lord. ver. 5, 18; ch. 4:7; 23:6; 27:29, 37; 33:8. Ex. 32:22. 1 Sa. 26:17. Pr. 6:3; 15:1. Lu. 14:11. 1 Pe. 3:6. servant. 1 Ki. 20:32. Ec. 10:4.
5 have oxen. ch. 30:43; 31:1, 16; 33:11. Job 6:22. may find. ch. 33:8, 15; 47:25. Ru. 2:2. 1 Sa. 1:18. 2 Sa. 16:4.
6 and four. ver. 8, 11; ch. 27:40, 41; 33:1. Am. 5:19.
7 greatly. Ex. 14:10. Ps. 18:4, 5; 31:13; 55:4, 5; 61:2; 142:4. Mat. 8:26. Jno. 16:33. Ac. 14:22. 2 Co. 1:4, 8–10. 2 Ti. 3:12. distressed. ch. 35:3. Ps. 107:6. and he. Ps. 112:5. Pr. 2:11. Is. 28:26. Mat. 10:16.
8 ch. 33:1–3. Mat. 10:16.
9 Jacob. 1 Sa. 30:6. 2 Ch. 20:6, 12; 32:20. Ps. 34:4–6; 50:15; 91:15. Phi. 4:6, 7. O God. ch. 17:7; 28:13; 31:29, 42, 53. Ex. 3:6. the Lord. ch. 31:3, 13.
10 not worthy of the least of all. Heb. less than all. ch. 18:27. 2 Sa. 7:18. Job 42:5, 6. Ps. 16:2. Is. 6:5; 63:7. Da. 9:8, 9. Lu. 5:8; 17:10. 2 Co. 12:11. 1 Ti. 1:12–15. 1 Pe. 5:5. 1 Jno. 1:8–10. mercies. ch. 24:27. Ps. 8:5. truth. ch. 24:27; 28:15. Ps. 61:7; 85:10. Mi. 7:20. my staff. ch. 28:10, 11. Job 8:7. Ps. 18:35. two bands. ver. 5, 7; ch. 30:43. De. 8:18. Ps. 18:35; 84:7. Job 17:9. Pr. 4:18.
11 Deliver. 1 Sa. 12:10; 24:15. Ps. 16:1; 25:20; 31:2; 43:1; 59:1, 2; 119:134; 142:6. Pr. 18:19. Da. 3:17. Mat. 6:13. the mother. De. 22:6. Ho. 10:14. with. Heb. upon.
12 thou. ch. 32:6. Ex. 32:13. Nu. 23:19. 1 Sa. 15:29. Mat. 24:35. 2 Ti. 2:13. Tit. 1:2. He. 6:17. I will. ch. 28:13–15; 46:3, 4.
13 which. 1 Sa. 25:8. to his hand. Or, ‘under his hand’ or power; i.e. what Providence had put in his power or possession. a present. ver. 20, 21; ch. 18:2; 33:10; 42:6; 43:11, 26. 1 Sa. 25:27. Pr. 17:8; 18:16; 19:6; 21:14.
14 This was a princely present. The ‘thirty milch camels’ were particularly valuable; for among the Arabs they constitute a principal part of their riches; being every way so serviceable, that the providence of God appears peculiarly kind and wise in providing such animals for those countries, where no other animal could be of equal service. The she-camel gives milk continually, not ceasing even when with young; the milk of which, when mixed with three parts of water, affords the most pleasant and wholesome beverage. ch. 30:43; 31:9, 16. De. 8:18 1 Sa. 25:2. Job 1:3; 42:12.
16 space. ver. 20; ch. 33:8, 9. Ps. 112:5. Pr. 2:11. Is. 28:26. Mat. 10:16.
17 Whose art. ch. 33:3.
18 See on ver. 4, 5.
20 I will appease. ch. 43:11. 1 Sa. 25:17–35. Job 42:8, 9. Pr. 15:18; 16:14; 21:14. peradventure. 1 Sa. 6:5. 1 Ki. 20:31. Jon. 3:9. 2 Ti. 2:25. of me. Heb. my face. Job 42:8, 9. Pr. 6:35.
22 his two wives. ch. 29:21–35; 30:1–24; 35:18, 22–26. 1 Ti. 5:8. the ford Jabbok. Or, ‘the ford of Jabbok,’ a stream which takes its rise in the mountains of Gilead, and falls into the Jordan to the south of the lake of Gennesareth. It is now called the Zerka. De. 2:37; 3:16. Jos. 12:2.
23 sent them. Heb. caused to pass.
24 wrestled. ch. 30:8. Lu. 13:24; 22:44. Ro. 8:26, 27; 15:30. Ep. 6:12, 18. Col. 2:1; 4:12. He. 5:7. man. ver. 28, 30; ch. 48:16. Is. 32:2. Ho. 12:3–5. 1 Co. 15:47. breaking of the day. Heb. ascending of the morning. Ex. 14:27. Ca. 2:17.
25 that he. ch. 19:22. Nu. 14:13, 14. Is. 41:14; 45:11. Ho. 12:3, 4. Mat. 15:22–28. Lu. 11:5–8. touched. ver. 32. Ps. 30:6, 7. Mat. 26:41, 44. 2 Co. 12:7–9.
26 Let me go. Ex. 32:10. De. 9:14. Ca. 7:5. Is. 45:11; 64:7. Lu. 24:28, 29. I will not. Ca. 3:4. Ho. 12:4. Lu. 18:1–7. Ro. 8:37. 1 Co. 15:58. 2 Co. 12:8, 9. He. 5:7. thou bless. 1 Ch. 4:10. Ps. 67:1, 6, 7; 115:12, 13.
28 Thy name. ch. 17:5, 15; 33:20; 35:10. Nu. 13:16. 2 Sa. 12:25. 2 Ki. 17:34. Is. 62:2–4; 65:15. Jno. 1:42. Re. 2:17. Israel. i.e. a prince of God. as a prince. Or, according to the LXX., Vulgate, HOUBIGANT, DATHE, and ROSENMULLER, ‘because thou hast had power with God, thou shalt also prevail with men.’ There is a beautiful antithesis between the two terms, with אלהים, Elohim, God, the Almighty, with אנשים, anashim, weak, feeble men, as the word imports; seeing thou hast had power with the Almighty, surely thou shalt prevail over perishing mortals. power. ver. 24. Ho. 12:3–5. with men. ch. 25:31; 27:33–36; 31:24, 36–55; 33:4. 1 Sa. 26:25. Pr. 16:7.
29 Wherefore. ver. 27. De. 29:29. Ju. 13:16–18. Job 11:7. Pr. 30:4. Is. 9:6. Lu. 1:19. blessed. ver. 26; ch. 27:28, 29; 28:3, 4, 13, 14. Ho. 6:1.
30 Jacob. ver. 31. Penuel. ch. 28:19. Ju. 8:8, 17. 1 Ki. 12:25. Peniel. i.e. the face of God. Peniel, or Penuel, was evidently situated near the ford of Jabbok, on the north of that stream, about forty miles from Jerusalem. I have. ch. 16:13. Ex. 24:10, 11; 33:14, 19–23. Nu. 12:8. De. 5:24; 34:10. Ju. 6:22, 23; 13:21, 22. Is. 6:5. Jno. 1:18. 2 Co. 3:18; 4:6. Ga. 1:6. Ep. 1:17. Col. 1:15. 2 Ti. 1:10. He. 11:27.
31 rose upon. ch. 19:15, 23. Mal. 4:2. he halted. ver. 25. Ps. 38:17. 2 Co. 12:7, 9.
32 eat not. 1 Sa. 5:5.


  CHAP. 33

  Jacob and Esau’s meeting; and Esau’s departure, 1–16. Jacob comes to Succoth, 17. At Shalem he buys a field, and builds an altar, called El-elohe-Israel, 18–20.

1 Esau came. ch. 27:41, 42; 32:6. And he. ch. 32:7, 16.
2 Rachel. ch. 29:30; 30:22–24; 37:3. Mal. 3:17.
3 passed. Jno. 10:4, 11, 12, 15. bowed. ch. 18:2; 42:6; 43:26. Pr. 6:3. Ec. 10:4. Lu. 14:11. seven times. 1 Sa. 2:5.
4 embraced. ch. 32:28; 43:30, 34; 45:2, 15. Job 2:12. Ne. 1:11. Ps. 34:4. Pr. 16:7; 21:1. fell on. ch. 45:14, 15; 46:29. Lu. 15:20. Ac. 20:37.
5 with. Heb. to. children. ch. 30:2; 48:9. Ru. 4:13. 1 Sa. 1:27. 1 Ch. 28:5. Ps. 127:3. Is. 8:18. He. 2:13.
8 What meanest thou by all this drove? Heb. What is all this band to thee? ch. 32:13–20. to find. ch. 32:5; 39:5. Es. 2:17.
9 have enough. ch. 27:39. Pr. 30:15. Ec. 4:8. my brother. ch. 4:9; 27:41. Ju. 20:23. Pr. 16:7. Ac. 9:17; 21:20. Phile. 7, 16. keep that thou hast unto thyself. Heb. be that to thee that is thine.
10 if now. ch. 19:19; 47:29; 50:4. Ex. 33:12, 13. Ru. 2:10. 1 Sa. 20:3. Je. 31:2. receive. To accept a present from an inferior was a customary pledge of friendship; but returning it implied disaffection. It was on this ground that Jacob was so urgent with Esau to receive his present. I have seen. ch. 32:30; 43:3. 2 Sa. 3:13; 14:24, 28, 32. Job 33:26. Ps. 41:11. Mat. 18:10. Re. 22:4.
11 my blessing. ch. 32:13–20. Jos. 15:19. Ju. 1:15. 1 Sa. 25:27; 30:26. 2 Ki. 5:15. 2 Co. 9:5, 6. and because. ver. 9. Phi. 4:11, 12, 18. enough. Heb. all things. Ro. 8:31, 32. 1 Co. 3:21. 2 Co. 6:10. Phi. 4:12, 18. 1 Ti. 4:8. urged him. 2 Ki. 2:17; 5:16, 23. Lu. 14:23.
13 the children. 1 Ch. 22:5. Pr. 12:10. Is. 40:11. Eze. 34:15, 16, 23–25. Jno. 21:15–17.
14 according as, etc. Heb. according to the foot of the work, etc.; and according to the foot of the children. be able. Is. 40:11. Mar. 4:33. Ro. 15:1. 1 Co. 3:2; 9:19–22. unto Seir. See on ch. 32:3. De. 2:1. Ju. 5:4. 2 Ch. 20:10. Eze. 25:8; 35:2, 3.
15 leave. Heb. set, or place. What needeth it? Heb. Wherefore is this? find grace. ch. 34:11; 47:25. Ru. 2:13. 1 Sa. 25:8. 2 Sa. 16:4.
17 Succoth. Jos. 13:27. Ju. 8:5, 8, 16. 1 Ki. 7:46. Ps. 60:6. not Ex. 12:37; 13:20. Succoth. i.e. Booths. Succoth was on the east of Jordan, between the brook Jabbok and that river, about 40 miles from Jerusalem, and consequently near Penuel; where a city was afterwards built, which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Gad. JEROME says, that Succoth was in the district of Scythopolis; and the Jews inform us, that the name of Darala was sometime after applied to it.
18 Shalem. The word Shalem, in the Samaritan Shalom, should probably be rendered ‘in peace,’ or ‘in safety;’ as it is translated by the Chaldee, Arabic, COVERDALE, and MATTHEWES. Jno. 3:23; 4:5. Ac. 7:16. a city of Shechem. Or, rather, ‘the city Shechem,’ which was situated in a narrow valley, abounding with springs, between Mounts Ebal and Gerizim, having the former on the north, and the latter on the south; 10 miles from Shiloh, and 34 from Jerusalem. It became the capital of Samaria, after the ruin of the city of that name. Jos. 24:1. Ju. 9:1. Jno. 4:5. Sychar. Ac. 7:16. Sychem. Padan-aram. ch. 25:20; 28:6, 7; 35:9; 46:15.
19 bought. ch. 23:17–20; 49:30–32. Jos. 24:32. Jno. 4:5. Ac. 7:16. Hamor. ch. 34:2, etc. Ac. 7:16. Emmor. pieces of money. or, lambs.
20 altar. ch. 8:20; 12:7, 8; 13:18; 21:33. Elelohe-Israel. i.e. God, the God of Israel, ch. 32:28; 35:7.


  CHAP. 34

  Dinah is ravished by Shechem, 1–3. He sues to marry her, 4–12. The sons of Jacob offer the condition of circumcision to the Shechemites, 13–19. Hamor and Shechem persuade them to accept it, 20–24. The sons of Jacob upon that advantage slay them, and spoil their city, 25–29. Jacob reproves Simeon and Levi, 30, 31.

1 A.M. 2272. B.C. 1732. Dinah. ch. 30:21; 46:15. the daughters. ch. 26:34; 27:46; 28:6; 30:13. Je. 2:36. 1 Ti. 5:13. Tit. 2:5.
2 Shechem. ch. 10:17; 33:19. saw her. ch. 6:2; 39:6, 7. Ju. 14:1. 2 Sa. 11:2. Job 31:1, 9. Pr. 13:20. Mat. 5:28. took her. ch. 20:2. defiled her. Heb. humbled her. De. 21:14; 22:24, 29. Ju. 19:24, 25. Eze. 22:10, 11.
3 soul. Ru. 1:14. 1 Sa. 18:1. kindly unto the damsel. Heb. to the heart of the damsel. 2 Sa. 19:7. 2 Ch. 30:22. Is. 40:2. Ho. 2:14, marg.
4 ch. 21:21. Ju. 14:2. 2 Sa. 13:13.
5 now his. ch. 30:35; 37:13, 14. 1 Sa. 10:27; 16:11; 17:15. 2 Sa. 13:22. Lu. 15:25, 29. held. Le. 10:3. Ps. 39:9.
7 were. ch. 46:7. 2 Sa. 13:21. wrought. Ex. 19:5, 6. De. 22:21. Jos. 7:15. Ju. 19:22–25; 20:6. 2 Sa. 13:12, 13. Ps. 93:5. Pr. 7:7. 1 Pe. 2:9. thing. ch. 20:9. Le. 4:2, 13, 27. De. 23:17. 1 Co. 6:18; 10:8. Ep. 5:3. Col. 3:5. 1 Ti. 5:13. He. 13:4. Ja. 3:10.
8 The soul. ver. 3. 1 Ki. 11:2. Ps. 63:1; 84:2; 119:20.
9 ch. 6:2; 19:14; 24:3; 26:34, 35; 27:46. De. 7:3.
10 and the land. ver. 21–23; ch. 13:9; 20:15; 42:34; 47:27.
11 ch. 18:3; 33:15.
12 Ask me. On the practice of purchasing wives, DE LA ROQUE says, “Properly speaking, a young man who would marry must purchase his wife; and fathers among the Arabs are never so happy as when they have many daughters. They form part of the riches of a house. Accordingly, when a young man would treat with a person whose daughter he is inclined to marry, he says to him, ‘Will you give me your daughter for fifty sheep, for six camels, or for a dozen cows?’ according to the rank of her family, and the circumstances of him who desires to marry her.” dowry. ch. 24:53; 29:18; 31:41. Ex. 22:16, 17. De. 22:28, 29. 1 Sa. 18:25–27. 2 Sa. 3:14. Ho. 3:2. Mat. 14:17.
13 deceitfully. ch. 25:27–34. Ju. 15:3. 2 Sa. 13:23–29. Job 13:4, 7. Ps. 12:2. Pr. 12:13, 18–20; 24:28, 29; 26:24–26. Is. 59:13. Mi. 7:2. Ro. 12:19. 1 Th. 5:15. Mat. 28:13.
14 uncircumcised. ch. 17:11. Jos. 5:2–9. 1 Sa. 14:6; 17:26, 36. 2 Sa. 1:20; 15:7. 1 Ki. 21:9. Mat. 2:8, 13; ch. 23. Ro. 4:11.
15 Gal. 4:12.
19 because. ch. 29:20. Ca. 8:6. Is. 62:4. honourable. ch. 41:20. Nu. 22:15. 1 Sa. 22:14. 2 Ki. 5:1. 1 Ch. 4:9. Is. 3:3–5; 5:13; 23:8, 9. Ac. 13:50; 17:12.
20 the gate. ch. 22:17; 23:10. De. 17:5. Ru. 4:1. Job 29:7. Pr. 31:23. Am. 5:10, 12, 15. Zec. 8:16.
22 ver. 15–17.
23 Pr. 1:12, 13; 23:4, 5; 28:20. Jno. 2:16; 6:26, 27. Ac. 19:24–26. 1 Ti. 6:6–10.
24 hearkened. In thus falling into this measure, the Shechemites must either have had great affection for their chief and his son, or have been under the influence of the most passive obedience. The petty princes of Asia have always been absolute and despotic; their subjects paying them the most prompt and blind obedience. The following instance will sufficiently illustrate and confirm this statement: Abu Thaher, chief of the Carmathians, about the year 930, with only 500 horse, went to lay siege to Bagdad: the khalif’s general marched out to seize him; but before the attack, sent an officer to summon him to surrender. ‘How many men has the khalif’s general?’ said Abu Thaher; ‘30,000,’ replied the officer. ‘Among them all,’ says the Carmathian chief, ‘has he got three like mine?’ Then ordering his followers to approach, he commanded one to stab himself, another to throw himself from a precipice, and a third to plunge into the Tigris: all three instantly obeyed, and perished! Then turning to the officer, he said, ‘He who has such troops need not value the number of his enemies!’ went out. ch. 23:10, 18. every male. ch. 17:23. Is. 1:10–16. Mat. 7:6. Ro. 2:28, 29. 1 Co. 7:19.
25 sore. Jos. 5:6, 8. Simeon. ch. 29:33, 34; 49:5–7. Nu. 31:7, 17. Pr. 4:16; 6:34, 35. slew. ch. 49:6. 2 Ch. 32:25.
26 edge. Heb. mouth. De. 32:42. 2 Sa. 2:26. Is. 31:8.
27 spoiled. Es. 9:10, 16. 1 Ti. 6:10. they. ver. 2, 31. Ex. 2:14. Jos. 7:1, 21. See on ver. 13.
28 Nu. 31:17. De. 8:17, 18. Job 1:15, 16; 20:5.
30 Ye have. ch. 49:5–7. Jos. 7:25. 1 Ki. 18:18. 1 Ch. 2:7. Pr. 11:17, 29; 15:27. to stink. Ex. 5:21. 1 Sa. 13:4; 27:12. 1 Ch. 19:6. and I being. De. 4:27; 7:7. 1 Ch. 16:12. Ps. 105:12. and I shall. ch. 12:2, 12; 28:13, 14. 1 Sa. 16:2; 27:1. Ro. 4:18–20.
31 See on ver. 13; ch. 49:7. Pr. 6:34.


  CHAP. 35

  God commands Jacob to go to Bethel, 1. He purges his house of idols, 2–5. He builds an altar at Bethel, 6, 7. Deborah dies at Allon-bachuth, 8. God blesses Jacob at Bethel, 9–15. Rachel travails of Benjamin, and dies in the way to Edar, 16–21. Reuben lies with Bilhah, 22. The sons of Jacob, 23–26. Jacob comes to Isaac at Hebron, 27. The age, death, and burial of Isaac, 28, 29.

1 God said. ch. 22:14. De. 32:36. Ps. 46:1; 91:15. Beth-el. ver. 7; ch. 12:8; 13:3, 4; 28:10–22; 31:3, 13. Ps. 47:4. Ec. 5:4–6. Ho. 12:4. Na. 1:15. when thou. ch. 16:8; 27:41–45. Ex. 2:15.
2 unto his. ch. 18:19. Jos. 24:15. Ps. 101:2–7. strange. ch. 31:19, 34. Ex. 20:3, 4; 23:13. De. 5:7; 6:14; 7:25; 11:28; 32:16. Jos. 23:7; 24:2, 20, 23. Ju. 10:16. Ru. 1:15. 1 Sa. 7:3. 2 Sa. 7:23. 2 Ki. 17:29. 1 Ch. 16:26. Je. 5:7; 16:20. Da. 5:4. Ac. 19:26. 1 Co. 10:7. 2 Co. 6:15–17. Gal. 4:8. clean. ver. 22; ch. 34:2, 24, 25. Ex. 19:10, 14. Le. 15:5; 17:16. Nu. 31:24. 2 Ki. 5:10, 12, 13. Job 1:5. Ps. 51:2, 7. Ec. 5:1. Is. 1:16; 52:11. Je. 13:27. Eze. 18:31; 20:7; 36:25. Jno. 13:10, 11. 2 Co. 7:1. He. 10:22. Ja. 4:8. 1 Pe. 2:1, 2. Jude 23.
3 who answered. ch. 28:12, 13; 32:7, 24. Ps. 46:1; 50:15; 66:13, 14; 91:15; 103:1–5; 107:6, 8; 116:1, 2, 16–18; 118:19–22. Is. 30:19. was with. ch. 28:20; 31:3, 42. Pr. 3:6. Is. 43:2.
4 ear-rings. These rings were not worn as mere ornaments, but for superstitious purposes; perhaps as amulets or charms, first consecrated to some false god, or formed under some constellation, and stamped with magical characters. MAIMONIDES mentions rings and jewels of this kind, with the image of the sun, moon, etc., impressed upon them; and St. AUGUSTINE describes them (Epist. 73,) as used for this execrable purpose. Ex. 32:2–4. Ju. 8:24–27. Ho. 2:13. hid them. Ex. 32:20. De. 7:5, 25. Is. 2:20; 30:22. the oak. Jos. 24:25, 26. Ju. 9:6.
5 ch. 34:30. Ex. 15:15, 16; 23:27; 34:24. De. 11:25. Jo. 2:9–11; 5:1. 1 Sa. 11:7; 14:15. 2 Ch. 14:14; 17:10. Ps. 14:5.
6 Luz. ch. 12:8; 28:19, 22. Ju. 1:22–26.
7 built. ver. 1, 3. Ec. 5:4, 5. El-beth-el. i.e. the God of Beth-el. ch. 28:13, 19, 22. Ex. 17:15. Ju. 6:24. Eze. 48:35.
8 Rebekah’s. ch. 24:59. under an oak. 1 Sa. 31:13. Allon-bachuth. i.e. the oak of weeping. Ju. 2:1, 5.
9 ch. 12:7; 17:1; 18:1; 26:2; 28:13; 31:3, 11–13; 32:1, 24–30; 35:1; 46:2, 3; 48:3, 4. Je. 31:3. Ho. 12:4. Ac. 7:2.
10 ch. 17:5, 15; 32:27, 28. 1 Ki. 18:31. 2 Ki. 17:34.
11 God Almighty. ch. 17:1; 18:14; 43:14; 48:3, 4. Ex. 6:3. 2 Co. 6:18. a nation. ch. 12:2; 13:16; 15:5; 17:5–7, 16; 18:18; 22:17; 28:3, 4, 14; 32:12; 46:3; 48:4. Ex. 1:7. Nu. ch. 1–26. 1 Sa. to 2 Ch.
12 the land. ch. 12:7; 13:14–17; 15:18; 26:3, 4; 28:3, 4, 13; 48:4. Ex. 3:8. Jos. ch. 6–21 to Ne. ch. 13.
13 ch. 11:5; 17:22; 18:33. Ju. 6:21; 13:20. Lu. 24:31.
14 ver. 20; ch. 28:18, 19. Ex. 17:15. 1 Sa. 7:12.
15 Bethel. ch. 28:19.
16 a little way to come. Heb. a little piece of ground. 2 Ki. 5:19. Ephrath. ch. 48:7. Ru. 1:2. 1 Ch. 2:19. Ps. 132:6. Mi. 5:2. Mat. 2:1, 16, 18. hard labour. ch. 3:16. 1 Ti. 2:15.
17 Fear not. ch. 30:24. 1 Sa. 4:19–21.
18 A.M. cir. 2275. B.C. cir. 1729. her soul. ch. 30:1. 1 Sa. 4:20, 21. Ps. 16:10. Ec. 12:7. La. 2:12. Lu. 12:20; 23:46. Ac. 7:59. Ben-oni. i.e. the son of my sorrow. 1 Ch. 4:9. Benjamin. i.e. the son of the right hand. ch. 42:4, 38; 43:14; 44:27–31. Ps. 80:17. The Samaritan has ben yamim, ‘the son of days,’ i.e. of his old age, (ch. 44:20,) which JEROME renders BENJAMIN, id est, filius dextræ, Benjamin, that is, ‘the son of the right hand.’
19 Rachel died. ch. 48:7. Ephrath. Jos. 19:15. Ru. 1:2; 4:11. Mi. 5:2, 6. Mat. 2:1, 6, 18.
20 the pillar. ver. 9, 14. 1 Sa. 10:2. 2 Sa. 18:17, 18.
21 tower. Mi. 4:8. Lu. 2:8.
22 lay with. ch. 49:4. Le. 18:8. 2 Sa. 16:21, 22; 20:3. 1 Ch. 5:1. 1 Co. 5:1. Now the sons. In the Hebrew text, a break is here left in the verse, opposite to which there is a Masoretic note, which states that ‘there is a hiatus in the verse.’ This hiatus the LXX. thus supplies: και πονηρον εφανη εναντιον αυτου, ‘and it appeared evil in his sight.’ ver. 18; ch. 29:31–35; 30:5–24; 46:8–27; 49:1–28. Ex. 1:1–5; 6:14–16. Nu. 1:5–15, 20, etc.; 2:3–33; 7:12, etc.; 26:5–51, 57–62; 34:14–28. De. ch. 33. Jos. ch. 13–21. 1 Ch. 2:1, 2; 12:23–40; 27:16–22. Eze. ch. 48. Ac. 7:8. Re. 7:4–8; 21:14.
23 ch. 29:32–35; 30:18–20; 33:2; 46:8–15.
24 ver. 16–18; ch. 30:22–24; 46:19–22.
25 ch. 30:4–8; 37:2; 46:23–25.
26 And the sons. ch. 30:9–13; 46:16–18. in Padan-aram. Except Benjamin, ver. 18; ch. 25:20; 28:2; 31:18.
27 Jacob. ch. 27:43–45; 28:5. Mamre. ch. 13:18; 14:13; 18:1; 23:2, 19. Jo. 14:12–15; 15:13; 21:11. 2 Sa. 2:1, 3, 11; 5:1, 3, 5.
28 ch. 25:7; 47:28; 50:26.
29 A.M. 2288. B.C. 1716. Isaac. ch. 3:19; 15:15; 25:7, 8, 17; 27:1, 2; 49:33. Job 5:26. Ec. 12:5–7. his sons. ch. 23:19, 20; 25:9; 27:41; 49:31.


  CHAP. 36

  Esau’s three wives, 1–5 His removal to mount Seir, 6–8. His sons, 9–14. The dukes which descended of his sons, 15–19. The sons and dukes of Seir the Horite, 20–30. Anah finds mules, 24. The kings of Edom, 31–39. The dukes that descended of Esau, 40–43.

1 A.M. 2208. B.C. 1796. ch. 22:17; 25:24–34; 27:35–41; 32:3–7. Nu. 20:14–21. De. 23:7. 1 Ch. 1:35. Is. 63:1. Eze. 25:12.
2 Esau. ch. 9:25; 26:34, 35; 27:46. Adah. or, Bashemath, ch. 26:34. Aholibamah. ver. 25; ch. 26:34. Judith. the daughter. We ought, most probably, to read here and in ver. 14, as in ver. 20, ‘the son of Zibeon;’ which is the reading of the Samaritan, Septuagint, (and Syriac, in ver. 2,) and which HOUBIGANT and KENNICOTT contend to be genuine.
3 ch. 25:13; 28:9. Mahalath.
4 Adah. 1 Ch. 1:35. Eliphaz. Job 2:11. Reuel. not Ex. 2:18. Nu. 10:29.
5 in the land. ver. 6; ch. 35:29.
6 A.M. cir. 2264. B.C. cir. 1740. persons. Heb. souls. Eze. 27:13. Re. 18:13. went. ch. 13:6, 11; 17:8; 25:23; 28:4; 32:3.
7 their riches. ch. 13:6, 11. the land. ch. 17:8; 28:4.
8 mount Seir. ver. 20; ch. 14:6; 32:3. De. 2:5. Jos. 24:4. 1 Ch. 4:42. 2 Ch. 20:10, 23. Eze. 35:2–7. Mal. 1:3. Esau. ver. 1.
9 the Edomites. Heb. Edom. ch. 19:37.
10 A.M. cir. 2230. B.C. cir. 1774. ver. 3, 4. 1 Ch. 1:35, etc.
11 A.M. cir. 2270. B.C. cir. 1734. Zepho. ver. 15, 16. 1 Ch. 1:35, 36. Zephi.
12 Timna. ver. 22. 1 Ch. 1:36. Amalek. ver. 16; ch. 14:7. Ex. 17:8–16. Nu. 24:18–20. De. 23:7; 25:17–19. 1 Sa. 15:2, 3, etc.
13 ver. 17. 1 Ch. 1:37.
14 A.M. cir. 2292. B.C. cir. 1712. ver. 2, 5, 18. 1 Ch. 1:35.
15 First aristocracy of dukes, from A.M. cir. 2429, to A.M. cir. 2471; from B.C. cir. 1575, to B.C. cir. 1533. dukes. The word duke is from the Latin dux, a captain or leader, from duco, to lead, guide; which is the exact import of the Hebrew אלוף, alluph, from אלף, to lead, guide; and is here applied to heads of families, chieftains, or princes, who were military leaders. ver. 18. 1 Ch. 1:35. Eliphaz. Job 21:8. Ps. 37:35. duke Teman. ver. 4, 11, 12. 1 Ch. 1:36, 45, 51–54. Job 2:11; 4:1. Je. 49:7, 20. Eze. 25:13. Am. 1:12. Ob. 9. Hab. 3:3.
16 Duke Korah. As it is certain from ver. 4, that Eliphaz was Esau’s son by Adah, and from ver. 11, 12, that Eliphaz had but six sons, ‘Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, Kenaz, and Amalek;’ as it is also certain, from ver. 5, 14, that Korah was the son of Esau (not Eliphaz) by Aholibamah; and as the words duke Korah are omitted by both the Samaritan Text and Version, Dr. KENNICOTT pronounces them to be an interpolation. dukes. Ex. 15:15.
17 Reuel. ver. 4, 13. 1 Ch. 1:37.
18 ver. 5, 14. 1 Ch. 1:35.
19 who is Edom. See on ver. 1.
20 A.M. cir. 2198. B.C. cir. 1806. ver. 2, 22–30; ch. 14:6. De. 2:12, 22. 1 Ch. 1:38–42.
21 A.M. cir. 2204. B.C. cir. 1800.
22 A.M. cir. 2248. B.C. cir. 1756. Hemam. 1 Ch. 1:39. Homan. Timna. ver. 12.
23 Alvan. 1 Ch. 1:40. Alian. Shepho. or, Shephi. 1 Ch. 1:40.
24 found. Le. 19:19. De. 2:10. 2 Sa. 13:29; 18:9. 1 Ki. 1:38, 44; 4:28. Zec. 14:15.
25 Dishon. ver. 21. Anah. ver. 2, 5, 14, 18. 1 Ch. 1:41.
26 Hemdan. 1 Ch. 1:41. Amram.
27 Ezer. ver. 21. 1 Ch. 1:38. Akan. 1 Ch. 1:42. Jakan.
28 Uz. Job 1:1. Je. 25:20. La. 4:21.
29 Horites. ver. 20, 28. 1 Ch. 1:41, 42. duke Lotan. ver. 20. 1 Ch. 1:38.
30 From A.M. cir. 2093, to A.M. cir. 2429; from B.C. cir. 1911, to B.C. cir. 1575. dukes in the. 2 Ki. 11:19. Is. 23:15. Da. 7:17, 23.
31 the kings. ch. 17:6, 16; 25:23. Nu. 20:14; 24:17, 18. De. 17:14–20; 33:5, 29. 1 Ch. 1:43–50. before there. Moses may here allude to the promise which God made to Jacob, (ch. 35:11,) that kings should proceed from him; and here states that these kings reigned before that prophecy began to be fulfilled.
33 A.M. cir. 2135. B.C. cir. 1869. Bozrah. Bozrah, Bezer, or Bostra, was situated in Arabia Deserta, and the eastern part of Edom; and, according to EUSEBIUS, was 24 miles from Edrei. It afterwards belonged to Moab, and was given by Moses to Reuben, but again reverted to Edom. It is now called Boszra; and is described by BURCKHARDT as the largest town in the Haouran, including its ruins, though only inhabited by about twelve or fifteen families. It is situated in the open plain, two hours distant from Aare, and is at present the last inhabited place in the south-east extremity of the Haouran. It is of an oval shape, its greatest length being from east to west; and its circumference three quarters of an hour. Is. 34:6; 63:1. Je. 49:13, 22. Am. 1:12. Mi. 2:12.
34 A.M. cir. 2177. B.C. cir. 1827. Temani. EUSEBIUS places Teman, or Thæman, which probably gave name to ‘the land of Temani,’ in Arabia Petræa, five miles from Petra, and says there was a Roman garrison there. See on ver. 11, 15. Job 2:11. Je. 49:7.
35 A.M. cir. 2219. B.C. cir. 1785.
36 A.M. cir. 2261. B.C. cir. 1743.
37 A.M. cir. 2303. B.C. cir. 1701. Rehoboth. ch. 10:11. 1 Ch. 1:48.
38 A.M. cir. 2315. B.C. cir. 1659.
39 A.M. cir. 2387. B.C. cir. 1617. Hadar. 1 Ch. 1:50. Hadad Pai. After his death was an aristocracy. Ex. 15:15.
40 Second aristocracy of dukes, from A.M. cir. 2471, B.C. cir. 1533; to A.M. cir. 2513, B.C. cir. 1491. And these. ver. 31. 1 Ch. 1:51–54. dukes. See on ver. 15, 16. Ex. 15:15. 1 Ch. 1:51–54. Alvah. or, Aliah. 1 Ch. 1:51.
43 the dukes. ver. 15, 18, 19, 30, 31. Ex. 15:15. Nu. 20:14. their. ver. 7, 8. Ge. 25:12. De. 2:5. father. ch. 25:30; 36:43; 45:8. 1 Ch. 4:14. the Edomites. Heb. Edom.


  CHAP. 37

  Joseph is loved by Jacob, but hated by his brethren, 1–4. His two dreams, 5–11. Jacob sends him to visit his brethren, 12–17. His brethren conspire his death, 18–20. Reuben saves him, 21–24. They sell him to the Ishmeelites, 25–30. His father, deceived by the coat covered with blood, mourns for him, 31–35. He is sold to Potiphar in Egypt, 36.

1 A.M. 2276. B.C. 1728. wherein his father was a stranger. Heb. of his father’s sojournings. ch. 17:8; 23:4; 28:4; 36:7. He. 11:9–16.
2 the generations. Toledoth, the history, narrative, or account of the lives and actions of Jacob and his sons; for in this general sense the original must be taken, as in the whole ensuing history there is no genealogy of Jacob’s family, ch. 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1. wives. ch. 30:4, 9; 35:22, 25, 26. evil report. 1 Sa. 2:22–24. Jno. 7:7. 1 Co. 1:11; 5:1; 11:18.
3 loved. Jno. 3:35; 13:22, 23. son. ch. 44:20–30. a coat. ver. 23, 32. Ju. 5:30. 2 Sa. 13:18. Ps. 45:13, 14. Eze. 16:16. colours. Kethoneth passim, a coat made of stripes of different coloured cloth.
4 hated him. ver. 5, 11, 18–24; ch. 4:5; 27:41; 49:23. 1 Sa. 16:12, 13; 17:28. Ps. 38:19; 69:4. Jno. 7:3–5; 15:18, 19. Tit. 3:3. 1 Jno. 2:11; 3:10, 12; 4:20. and could not speak peaceably unto him. Or, rather, ‘and they could not speak peace to him,’ i.e. they would not accost him in a friendly manner: they would not even wish him well, in the eastern mode of salutation of, Peace be to thee! It is not an unusual thing for an Arab or Turk to hesitate to return the salâm, if given by a Christian, or by one of whom he has not a favourable opinion; and this may always be considered as an act of hostility.
5 dreamed. ver. 9; ch. 28:12; 40:5; 41:1; 42:9. Nu. 12:6. Ju. 7:13, 14. 1 Ki. 3:5. Ps. 25:14. Da. 2:1; 4:5. Joel 2:28. Am. 3:7. and they. ver. 4, 8; ch. 49:23. Jno. 17:14.
6 ch. 44:18. Ju. 9:7.
7 your sheaves. ch. 42:6, 9; 43:26; 44:14, 19.
8 reign over us. ver. 4. Ex. 2:14. 1 Sa. 10:27; 17:28. Ps. 2:3–6; 118:22. Lu. 19:14; 20:17. Ac. 4:27, 28; 7:35. He. 10:29.
9 another dream. ver. 7; ch. 41:25, 32. the sun. ver. 10; ch. 43:28; 44:14, 19; 45:9; 46:29; 47:12; 50:15–21. Ac. 7:9–14. stars. Da. 8:10. Phi. 2:15.
10 Shall I. ch. 27:29. Is. 60:14. Phi. 2:10, 11.
11 envied. ch. 26:14–16. Ps. 106:16. Ec. 4:4. Is. 11:13; 26:11. Mat. 27:18. Mar. 15:10. Ac. 7:9; 13:45. Ga. 5:21. Tit. 3:3. Ja. 3:14–16; 4:5. observed. ch. 24:31. Da. 7:28. Lu. 2:19, 51.
12 in Shechem. ver. 1; ch. 33:18; 34:25–31.
13 come. 1 Sa. 17:17–20. Mat. 10:16. Lu. 20:13. Here am I. ch. 22:1; 27:1, 18. 1 Sa. 3:4–6, 8, 16. Ep. 6:1–3.
14 see whether it be well with. Heb. see the peace of thy brethren, etc. ch. 29:6; 41:16. 1 Sa. 17:17, 18. 2 Sa. 18:32. 1 Ki. 2:33. Ps. 125:5. Je. 29:7. Lu. 19:42. Hebron. ch. 23:2; 35:27. Nu. 13:22. Jos. 14:13, 15.
15 he was. ch. 21:14. What. Ju. 4:22. 2 Ki. 6:19. Jno. 1:38; 4:27; 18:4, 7; 20:15.
16 seek. Lu. 19:10. tell me. Ca. 1:7.
17 Dothan. 2 Ki. 6:13.
18 conspired. 1 Sa. 19:1. Ps. 31:13; 37:12, 32; 94:21; 105:25; 109:4. Mat. 21:38; 27:1. Mar. 12:7; 14:1. Lu. 20:14, 15. Jno. 11:53. Ac. 23:12.
19 dreamer. Heb. master of dreams.
20 and let. Ps. 64:5. Pr. 1:11, 12, 16; 6:17; 27:4. Tit. 3:3. Jno. 3:12. Some. 1 Ki. 13:24. 2 Ki. 2:24. Pr. 10:18; 28:13. and we. 1 Sa. 24:20; 26:2. Mat. 2:2–16; 27:40–42. Mar. 15:29–32. Jno. 12:10, 11. Ac. 4:16–18.
21 ch. 35:22; 42:22.
22 ch. 42:22.
23 stript. ver. 3, 31–33; ch. 42:21. Ps. 22:18. Mat. 27:28. colours. or, pieces. ver. 3.
24 add cast. Ps. 35:7. La. 4:20. the pit. Ps. 40:2; 88:6, 8; 130:1, 2. Je. 38:6. La. 3:52–55. Zec. 9:11.
25 they sat. Es. 3:15. Ps. 14:4. Pr. 30:20. Am. 6:6. Ishmeelites. ver. 28, 36; ch. 16:11, 12; 25:1–4, 16–18; 31:23. Ps. 83:6. Gilead. ch. 31:21; 43:11. Je. 8:22. spicery. Nechoth, is rendered by the LXX. ‘incense;’ Syriac, ‘resin;’ Samaritan, ‘balsam;’ Aquila, ‘storax;’ which is followed by BOCHART. This drug is abundant in Syria, and here MOSES joins with it resin, honey, and myrrh; which agrees with the nature of the storax, which is the resin of a tree of the same name, of a reddish colour, and peculiarly pleasant fragrance, balm. Tzeri, which in Arabic, as a verb, is to flow, seems to be a common name, as balm or balsam with us, for many of those oily, resinous substances, which flow spontaneously, or by incision, from various trees or plants; accordingly the ancients have generally interpreted it resin. myrrh. Lot, is probably, as JUNIUS, DE DIEU, CELSIUS, and URSINUS contend, the same as the Arabic ladan, Greek λαδανον, and Latin ladanum.
26 What profit. ch. 25:32. Ps. 30:9. Je. 41:8. Mat. 16:26. Ro. 6:21. conceal. ver. 20; ch. 4:10. De. 17:8. 2 Sa. 1:16. Job 16:18. Eze. 24:7.
27 sell him. ver. 22. Ex. 21:16, 21. Ne. 5:8. Mat. 16:26; 26:15. 1 Ti. 1:10. Re. 18:13. let not. 1 Sa. 18:17. 2 Sa. 11:14–17; 12:9. he is our. ch. 29:14; 42:21. were content. Heb. hearkened.
28 Midianites. ver. 25; ch. 25:2. Ex. 2:16. Nu. 25:15, 17; 31:2, 3, 8, 9. Ju. 6:1–3. Ps. 83:9. Is. 60:6. sold. ch. 45:4, 5. Ps. 105:17. Zec. 11:12, 13. Mat. 26:15; 27:9. Ac. 7:9.
29 he rent. ver. 34; ch. 34:13. Nu. 14:6. Ju. 11:35. 2 Ki. 19:1. Job 1:20. Joel 2:13. Ac. 14:14.
30 ver. 20; ch. 42:13, 32, 35. Je. 31:15.
31 ver. 3, 23. Pr. 28:13.
32 thy son’s. ver. 3; ch. 44:20–23. Lu. 15:30.
33 evil beast. ver. 20; ch. 44:28. 1 Ki. 13:24. 2 Ki. 2:24. Pr. 14:15. Jno. 13:7.
34 ver. 29. Jos. 7:6. 2 Sa. 1:11; 3:31. 1 Ki. 20:31; 21:27. 2 Ki. 19:1. 1 Ch. 21:16. Ezr. 9:3–5. Ne. 9:1. Es. 4:1–3. Job 1:20; 2:12. Ps. 69:11. Is. 22:12, 13; 32:11; 36:22; 37:1, 2. Je. 36:24. Joel 2:13. Jon. 3:5–8. Mat. 11:21; 26:65. Ac. 14:14. Re. 11:3.
35 his daughters. ch. 31:43; 35:22–26. rose up. 2 Sa. 12:17. Job 2:11. Ps. 77:2. Je. 31:15. For I. ch. 42:31; 44:29–31; 45:28.
36 the Midianites. ver. 28; ch. 25:1, 2; 39:1. officer. Heb. eunuch. But the word signifies not only eunuchs, but also chamberlains, courtiers, and officers. Es. 1:10. Is. 56:3. captain. Or, chief marshal. Heb. chief of the slaughtermen, or executioners. ch. 39; 40:4. 2 Ki. 25:8, marg.


  CHAP. 38

  Judah begets Er, Onan, and Shelah, 1–5. Er’s marriage with Tamar, and death, 6, 7. The trespass of Onan, 8–10. Tamar is reserved for Shelah, 11. Judah’s wife dies, 12. Tamar deceives Judah, 13–26. She bears twins, Pharez and Zarah, 27–30.

1 A.M. 2265. B.C. 1739. it came. As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel’s going down into Egypt; and as it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period; Mr. AINSWORTH conceives that the time here spoken of is soon after Jacob’s coming to Shechem, (ch. 33.) We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time, turned. ch. 19:2, 3. Ju. 4:18. 2 Ki. 4:8. Pr. 9:6; 13:20. Adullamite. An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron. Jos. 12:15; 15:35. 1 Sa. 22:1. 2 Sa. 23:13. Mi. 1:15.
2 saw. ch. 3:6; 6:2; 24:3; 34:2. Ju. 14:2; 16:1. 2 Sa. 11:2. 2 Co. 6:14. Shuah. ch. 46:12. 1 Ch. 2:3. Shua. took. ch. 6:4; 24:3.
3 A.M. 2266. B.C. 1738. Er. ch. 46:12. Nu. 26:19.
4 A.M. 2267. B.C. 1737. Onan. ch. 46:12. Nu. 26:19.
5 A.M. 2268. B.C. 1736. Shelah. ver. 11, 26; ch. 46:12. Nu. 26:20. 1 Ch. 4:21. Chezib. Chezib is said, by EUSEBIUS and JEROME, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited.
6 took. ch. 21:21; 24:3. Tamar. Mat. 1:3.
7 Er. ch. 46:12. Nu. 26:19. wicked. ch. 6:8; 13:13; 19:13. 2 Ch. 33:6. and the. 1 Ch. 2:3. Ps. 55:23.
8 A.M. 2282. B.C. 1722. Le. 18:16. Nu. 36:8, 9. De. 25:5–10. Ru. 1:11; 4:5–11. Mat. 22:23–27.
9 he is. De. 25:6. Ru. 1:11; 4:10. lest that. Job 5:2. Pr. 27:4. Ti. 3:3. Ja. 3:14, 16; 4:5.
10 displeased. Heb. was evil in the eyes of. Nu. 11:1; 22:34. 2 Sa. 11:27. 1 Ch. 21:7. Pr. 14:32; 24:18. Je. 44:4. Ha. 1:13. him also. ch. 46:12. Nu. 26:19.
11 till Shelah. Ru. 1:11, 13. in her. Le. 22:13.
12 in process of time. Heb. the days were multiplied. comforted. ch. 24:67. 2 Sa. 13:39. sheep shearers. ch. 31:19. 1 Sa. 25:4–8, 36. 2 Sa. 13:23–29. Timnath. Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines. ver. 1. Jos. 15:10, 35, 57, Timnah; 19:43, Thimnathah. Ju. 14:1.
14 and sat. Pr. 7:12. Je. 3:2. Eze. 16:25. an open place. Heb. the door of eyes, or of Enajim. Some think ainayim means ‘the two fountains,’ or ‘double fountain;’ while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as Enaim, a city of Judah, (Jos. 15:34.) So the LXX. render it Enan. Timnath. See ver. 12, 13. that Shelah. ver. 11, 26.
16 Go to. 2 Sa. 13:11. What wilt. De. 23:18. Eze. 16:33. Mat. 26:15. 1 Ti. 6:10.
17 I will. Eze. 16:33. a kid. Heb. a kid of the goats. Wilt thou. ver. 20, 24, 25. Pr. 20:16. Lu. 16:8.
18 Thy signet. Chothem, or chothemeth, as in ver. 25, is properly a ring-seal, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Je. 22:24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended from the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it. ver. 25, 26. Je. 22:24. Lu. 15:22. bracelets. Pathil, from pathal, to twist, wreathe, may denote either a wreath for the arm or neck, a twisted collar, or bracelet. In the former sense the LXX. render it by ορμισκον, and AQUILA and SYMMACHUS by στρεπτον; and in the latter sense, the Vulgate renders it by armillam. It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favour the opinion of its being a bracelet. gave it her. ver. 25, 26. Ho. 4:11.
19 laid by her vail. ver. 14. 2 Sa. 14:2, 5.
20 his friend. ch. 20:9. Le. 19:17. Ju. 14:20. 2 Sa. 13:3. Lu. 23:12.
21 openly by the way side. or, in Enajim. ver. 14.
23 lest we. 2 Sa. 12:9. Pr. 6:33. Ro. 6:21. 2 Co. 4:2. Ep. 5:12. Ro. 16:15. be shamed. Heb. become a contempt.
24 played the harlot. ch. 34:31. Ju. 19:2. Ec. 7:26. Je. 2:20; 3:1, 6, 8. Eze. 16:15, 28, 41; 23:5, 19, 44. Ho. 2:5; 3:3; 4:15. let her. ch. 20:3, 7, 9. Le. 20:10; 21:9. De. 22:21–27; 24:16. 2 Sa. 12:5, 7. Je. 29:22, 23. Mat. 7:1–5. Ro. 2:1, 2; 14:22.
25 Discern. ver. 18; ch. 37:32. Ps. 50:21. Je. 2:26. Ro. 2:16. 1 Co. 4:5. Re. 20:12.
26 acknowledged. ch. 37:33. She hath. 1 Sa. 24:17. 2 Sa. 24:17. Eze. 16:52. Ha. 1:13. Jno. 8:9. Ro. 3:19. more righteous. Not less to blame, but more righteous. because. ver. 14. And he knew. ch. 4:1. 2 Sa. 16:22; 20:3. Job 4:5; 34:31, 32; 40:5. Mat. 3:8. Ro. 13:12. Tit. 2:11, 12. 1 Pe. 4:2, 3.
29 A.M. 2283. B.C. 1721. How hast, etc. or, Wherefore hast thou made this breach against thee? his name. ch. 46:12. Nu. 26:20. 1 Ch. 2:4; 9:4. Ne. 11:4, 6. Perez. Mat. 1:3. Lu. 3:33. Phares. Pharez. i.e. a breach.
30 Zarah. 1 Ch. 9:6. Zerah. Mat. 1:3. Zara.


  CHAP. 39

  Joseph is bought by Potiphar, and preferred in the family, 1–6. He resists his mistress’s temptation, 7–12. He is falsely accused by her, 13–19. He is cast into prison, 20. God is with him there, and he is advanced by the keeper of the prison, 21–23.

1 A.M. 2276. B.C. 1728. Joseph. ch. 37:36; 45:4. Ps. 105:17. Ac. 7:9. the Ishmeelites. ch. 37:25, 28.
2 the Lord. ver. 21, 22; ch. 21:22; 26:24, 28; 28:15. 1 Sa. 3:19; 16:18; 18:14, 28. Ps. 1:3; 46:7, 11; 91:15. Is. 8:9, 10; 41:10; 43:2. Je. 15:20. Mat. 1:23. Ac. 7:9, 10. Ro. 8:31. house. 1 Co. 7:20–24. 1 Ti. 6:1. Tit. 2:9, 10.
3 saw that. ch. 21:22; 26:24, 28; 30:27, 30. 1 Sa. 18:14, 28. Zec. 8:23. Mat. 5:16. Phi. 2:15, 16. Re. 3:9. prosper. ver. 23; ch. 30:27. Jos. 1:7, 8. 1 Ch. 22:13. 2 Ch. 26:5. Ne. 2:20. Ps. 1:3. 1 Co. 16:2.
4 Joseph. ver. 21; ch. 18:3; 19:19; 32:5; 33:8, 10. 1 Sa. 16:22. Ne. 2:4, 5. Pr. 16:7. overseer. ver. 22; ch. 15:2; 24:2; 41:40, 41. Pr. 14:35; 17:2; 22:29; 27:18. Ac. 20:28.
5 for Joseph’s. ch. 12:2; 19:29; 30:27. De. 28:3–6. 2 Sa. 6:11, 12. Ps. 21:6; 72:17. Ac. 27:24. Ep. 1:3.
6 he left. ver. 4, 8, 23. Lu. 16:10; 19:17. save. ch. 43:32. Pr. 31:11. a goodly person. Yephaih toar, weephaih maraih, ‘beautiful in person and beautiful in countenance.’ Joseph’s beauty is so celebrated in the East, that a handsome man is frequently compared to him; and the Persian poets vie with each other in descriptions of his comeliness. ch. 12:14, 15; 29:17. 1 Sa. 16:12; 17:42. Ac. 7:20.
7 A.M. 2285. B.C. 1719. cast. ch. 6:2. Job 31:1. Ps. 119:37. Eze. 23:5, 6, 12–16. Mat. 5:28. 2 Pe. 2:14. 1 Jno. 2:16. Lie. 2 Sa. 13:11. Pr. 2:16; 5:9; 7:13. Je. 3:3. Eze. 16:25, 32, 34.
8 refused. Pr. 1:10; 2:10, 16–19; 5:3–8; 6:20–25, 29, 32, 33; 7:5, 25–27; 9:13–18; 22:14; 23:26–28. my master. Pr. 18:24.
9 none. ch. 24:2. Ne. 6:11. Lu. 12:48. 1 Co. 4:2. Ti. 2:10. how then. ch. 20:3, 6. Le. 20:10. 2 Sa. 11:27. Job 31:9–12, 23. Pr. 6:29, 32. Je. 5:8, 9. 1 Co. 6:9, 10. Ga. 5:19–21. He. 13:4. Re. 21:8; 22:15. sin. ch. 42:18. Le. 6:2. Nu. 32:23. 2 Sa. 12:13. Ne. 5:15. Ps. 51:4. Je. 28:16; 50:7. 1 Jno. 3:9.
10 as she spake. ver. 8. Pr. 2:16; 5:3; 6:25, 26; 7:5, 13; 9:14, 16; 22:14; 23:27. or to be. Pr. 1:15; 5:8. 1 Co. 6:18; 15:33. 1 Th. 5:22. 1 Ti. 5:14. 2 Ti. 2:22. 1 Pe. 2:11.
11 none of the men. Job 24:15. Pr. 9:17. Je. 23:24. Mal. 3:5. Ep. 5:3, 12.
12 caught. ver. 8, 10. Pr. 7:13, etc. Ec. 7:26. Eze. 16:30, 31. and he left. 1 Sa. 15:27. Pr. 1:15; 5:8; 6:5. Ec. 7:26. Mar. 14:51, 52. 1 Co. 15:33. 2 Ti. 2:22. 1 Pe. 2:11.
14 he hath. The base affection of this woman being disappointed, was changed into rancorous hatred, and she exults in the opportunity of being revenged on Joseph. She begins her accusation in the affected language of offended modesty, rage, and disdain, by charging her husband, whom we may reasonably suppose she did not greatly love, with being an accessary to the indignity she pretended to have received: ‘HE hath brought in a Hebrew,’ a very abomination to an Egyptian, ‘to mock us,’ insult and treat me in a base, unworthy manner, an Hebrew. ver. 17; ch. 10:21; 14:13; 40:15. Ps. 120:3. Eze. 22:5. he came. ver. 7. Ps. 35:11; 55:3. Pr. 10:18. Is. 51:7; 54:17. Mat. 5:11; 26:59. Lu. 23:2. 2 Co. 6:8. 1 Pe. 2:20; 3:14–18; 4:14–19. loud. Heb. great.
16 Ps. 37:12, 32. Je. 4:22; 9:3–5. Ti. 3:3.
17 ver. 14. Ex. 20:16; 23:1. 1 Ki. 18:17; 21:9–13. Ps. 37:14; 55:3; 120:2–4. Pr. 12:19; 19:5, 9. Mat. 26:65.
19 heard. Job 29:16. Pr. 18:17; 29:12. Ac. 25:16. 2 Th. 2:11. his wrath. ch. 4:5, 6. Pr. 6:34, 35. Ca. 8:7.
20 into the prison. Baith hassohar, ‘the round house,’ from the form of the building, according to some; or, ‘the watch or guard house,’ from the Arabic sahara, to watch, according to others. ch. 40:15; 41:14. Ps. 105:18, 19. Is. 53:8. Da. 3:21, 22. 2 Ti. 2:9. 1 Pe. 2:19. the king’s. ch. 40:1–3, 15; 41:9–14. Ps. 76:10.
21 the Lord. ver. 2; ch. 21:22; 49:23, 24. Is. 41:10; 43:2. Da. 6:22. Ro. 8:31, 32, 37. 1 Pe. 3:13, 14, 17; 4:14–16. shewed him mercy. Heb. extended kindness unto him. gave him. ch. 40:3. Ex. 3:21; 11:3; 12:36. Ps. 105:19, 22; 106:46. Pr. 16:7. Da. 1:9. Ac. 7:9, 10.
22 committed. ver. 4, 6, 7, 9; ch. 40:3, 4. 1 Sa. 2:30. Ps. 37:3, 11.
23 keeper. ch. 40:3, 4. because. See on ver. 2, 3; ch. 49:23, 24. 1 Sa. 2:30. Ps. 1:3; 37:3–11. Is. 43:2. Da. 6:22.


  CHAP. 40

  The chief butler and baker of Pharaoh being imprisoned, Joseph is charged with them, 1–4. He interprets their dreams, 5–19. They are accomplished according to his interpretation, 20–22. The ingratitude of the butler, in forgetting Joseph, 23.

1 it came. ch. 39:20–23. Es. 6:1. the butler. Mashkeh, from shakah, to give drink, is the same as saky among the Arabians and Persians, and signifies a cup-bearer. ver. 13. Ne. 1:11; 2:1, 2.
2 wroth. Ps. 76:10. Pr. 16:14; 19:12, 19; 27:4. Ac. 12:20. the chief of the butlers. 1 Ch. 27:27.
3 the place. ch. 39:20, 23. where Joseph was bound. Or, ‘where Joseph was confined;’ for he doubtless had his personal liberty. This place, we learn from the preceding chapter, (ver. 20,) was the king’s prison. All the officers in the employment of the ancient kings of Egypt, according to DIODORUS SICULUS, were taken from the most illustrious families of the priesthood in the country; no slave or common person being ever permitted to serve in the presence of the king. As these persons were of the most noble families, it is natural to expect they would be put, when accused, into the state prison.
4 the captain. ch. 37:36; 39:1, 21–23. Ps. 37:5. a season. Yamim, literally, days; how long is uncertain, though the word may signify, as many suppose, a complete year (see Ge. 4:3; 24:55); and as Pharaoh called them to an account on his birthday, (ver. 20,) CALMET supposes they had offended on the preceding birthday, and thus had been one whole year in prison.
5 A.M. 2287. B.C. 1717. ver. 8; ch. 12:1–7; 20:3; 37:5–10; 41:1–7, 11. Nu. 12:6. Ju. 7:13, 14. Es. 6:1. Job 33:15–17. Da. 2:1–3; 4:5, 9, 19; ch. 7; 8.
6 and, behold. ver. 8; ch. 41:8. Da. 2:1–3; 4:5; 5:6; 7:28; 8:27.
7 Wherefore. Ju. 18:24. 1 Sa. 1:8. 2 Sa. 13:4. Ne. 2:2. Lu. 24:17. look ye so sadly to-day. Heb. are your faces evil.
8 Do not, etc. ch. 41:15, 16. Job 33:15, 16. Ps. 25:14. Is. 8:19. Da. 2:11, 28, 47; 4:8; 5:11–15. 1 Co. 12:10, 11. Am. 3:7.
9 a vine. ch. 37:5–10. Ju. 7:13–15. Da. 2:31; 4:8, 10, etc.
11 And I took, etc. From this we find that wine anciently was the mere expressed juice of the grape, without fermentation. The saky, or cup-bearer, took the bunch, pressed the juice into the cup, and instantly delivered it to his master.
12 This. ver. 18; ch. 41:12, 25, 26. Ju. 7:14. Da. 2:36, etc.; 4:19, etc. The three. ch. 41:26. Ju. 7:14. Mat. 26:26. 1 Co. 10:4. Ga. 4:25.
13 within. ch. 7:4. shall. ver. 20–22. 2 Ki. 25:27. Ps. 3:3. Je. 52:31. lift up thine head. or, reckon, ver. 19, 20.
14 think on me. Heb. remember me with thee. on me. 1 Sa. 25:31. Lu. 23:42. 1 Co. 7:21. shew. Jos. 2:12. 1 Sa. 20:14, 15. 2 Sa. 9:1. 1 Ki. 2:7.
15 stolen. ch. 37:28. Ex. 21:16. De. 24:7. 1 Ti. 1:10. the Hebrews. ch. 14:13; 41:12. done. ch. 39:8–12, 20. 1 Sa. 24:11. Ps. 59:3, 4. Da. 6:22. Jno. 10:32; 15:25. Ac. 24:12–21; 25:10, 11. 1 Pe. 3:17, 18.
16 the chief. ver. 1, 2. white baskets. or, baskets full of holes.
17 bake-meats. Heb. meat of Pharaoh, the work of a baker, or cook.
18 ver. 12; ch. 41:26. 1 Co. 10:4; 11:24.
19 within. ver. 13. lift up thy head from off thee. or, reckon thee and take thy office from thee. hang thee. ver. 22; ch. 41:13. De. 21:22, 23. Jos. 8:29; 10:26. 2 Sa. 21:6. Pr. 30:17. Ga. 3:13. and the birds. ver. 17. 1 Sa. 17:44, 46. 2 Sa. 21:10. Eze. 39:4. Ac. 20:27.
20 third day. ver. 13, 19. birthday. ch. 21:8. Es. 1:3. Job 3:1. Mat. 14:6. Mar. 6:21. lifted up. or, reckoned. ver. 13, 19, marg. 2 Ki. 25:27. Mat. 18:23–25; 25:19. Lu. 16:1, 2.
21 gave the cup. ver. 13. Ne. 2:1.
22 he hanged. ver. 8, 19; ch. 41:11–13, 16. Je. 23:28. Da. 2:19–23, 30; 5:12. Ac. 5:30.
23 but forgat him. Job 19:14. Ps. 31:12; 105:19. Ec. 9:15, 16. Am. 6:6.


  CHAP. 41

  Pharaoh has two dreams, 1–8. Joseph interprets them, 9–32. He gives Pharaoh counsel, and is highly advanced, and married, 33–45. The seven years of plenty, 46–49. He begets children, 50–52. The famine begins, 53–57.

1 A.M. 2289. B.C. 1715. two full years. Shenathayim yamim, ‘two years of days,’ two complete solar revolutions; as a month of days is a full month, ch. 29:14. that Pharaoh. ch. 20:3; 37:5–10; 40:5. Ju. 7:13, 14. Es. 6:1. Job 33:15, 16. Da. 2:1–3; 4:5, etc.; ch. 7; 8. Mat. 27:19. the river. ch. 31:21. Ex. 1:22; 4:9. De. 11:10. Is. 19:5. Eze. 29:3, 9.
2 there came. ver. 17–27. a meadow. Or, rather, ‘on, or among the reeds or sedges;’ for so achoo is generally supposed to denote (see Job 8:11); so called, according to Mr. PARKHURST, from its fitness for making ropes, or the like, to connect or join things together, from achah, to join, connect: thus the Latin juncus, a bulrush, a jungendo, from joining, for the same reason. He supposes it to be that sort of reed growing near the Nile which HASSELQUIST describes as ‘having scarce any branches, but numerous leaves, which are narrow, smooth, channelled on the upper surface, and the plant about eleven feet high. The Egyptians make ropes of the leaves.’
3 ill favoured. ver. 4, 20, 21.
4 So Pharaoh awoke. 1 Ki. 3:15.
5 seven ears. A species of wheat, which grows in Egypt, bears, when perfect, seven ears on one stalk, as its natural conformation. It differs from ours in having a solid stem, or at least a stem full of pith, in order to yield sufficient nourishment and support to so great a weight as the ears which it bears, rank. Heb. fat. De. 32:14.
6 blasted. Eze. 17:10; 19:12. Ho. 13:15.
7 a dream. ch. 20:3; 37:5.
8 his spirit. ch. 40:6. Da. 2:1–3; 4:5, 19; 5:6; 7:28; 8:27. Hab. 3:16. the magicians of Egypt. The word here used (chartummim) may mean no more than interpreters of abstruse or difficult subjects; especially of dreams and visions, which formed a considerable part of the ancient Pagan religion; and the Egyptian priests were the first who professed this art. The word may be of affinity with, or derived from, the Persian chiradmand, wise, learned, judicious, intelligent, from chirad, understanding, judgment, and mand, endowed with. They seem to have been such persons as JOSEPHUS calls sacred scribes; or professors of sacred learning. Ex. 7:11, 22; 8:7, 18, 19; 9:11. Le. 19:31; 20:6. De. 18:9–14. Is. 8:19; 19:3; 29:14; 47:12, 13. Da. 1:20; 2:2; 4:7; 5:7, 11. Ac. 17:18. the wise men. Mat. 2:1. Ac. 7:22. but there. ch. 40:8. Job 5:12, 13. Ps. 25:14. Is. 19:11–13; 29:14. Da. 2:4–11, 27, 28; 5:8. 1 Co. 1:19; 3:18–20.
9 I do remember. ch. 40:1–3, 14, 23.
10 Pharaoh. ch. 39:20; 40:2, 3. captain. ch. 37:36.
11 ch. 40:5–8.
12 servant. ch. 37:36; 39:1, 20. interpreted. ch. 40:12–19.
13 me he restored. ch. 40:12, 20–22. Je. 1:10. Eze. 43:3.
14 sent. 1 Sa. 2:7, 8. Ps. 105:19–22; 113:7, 8. and they brought him hastily. Heb. made him run. Ex. 10:16. 1 Sa. 2:8. Ps. 113:7, 8. Da. 2:25. he shaved. 2 Sa. 19:24. 2 Ki. 25:29. Es. 4:1–4; 5:1. Is. 61:3, 10. Je. 52:32, 33.
15 I have heard. ver. 9–13. Ps. 25:14. Da. 5:12, 16. that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it. or, when thou hearest a dream, thou canst interpret it.
16 It is not. ch. 40:8. Nu. 12:6. 2 Ki. 6:27. Da. 2:18–23, 28–30, 47; 4:2. Ac. 3:7, 12; 14:14, 15. 1 Co. 15:10. 2 Co. 3:5. peace. ch. 37:14. Lu. 19:42.
17 ver. 1–7.
18 Je. 24:1–3, 5, 8.
21 eaten them up. Heb. come to the inward parts of them. Eze. 3:3. Re. 10:9, 10. still. Ps. 37:19. Is. 9:20.
23 withered. or, small. thin. ver. 6. 2 Ki. 19:26. Ps. 129:6, 7. Ho. 8:7; 9:16; 13:15. blasted. All the mischief done to corn or fruit by blasting, smutting, mildew, etc. are attributed to the east wind. (See Parallel Passages.) In Egypt it is peculiarly destructive, because it comes through the parched deserts of Arabia, often destroying vast numbers of people. The destructive nature of the Sam, Simoom, Smoom, or Samiel, is mentioned by almost all travellers. When this pestilential wind advances, its approach is indicated by a redness in the air. The principal stream of the blast always moves in a line of about 20 yards in breadth, and 12 feet above the surface of the earth; but its parching influence pervades all places to a considerable distance. The only means of preservation from its noxious influence is to lie flat, with the face upon the ground, till the blast be over. Camels and other animals instinctively perceive its approach, and bury their mouths and nostrils in the ground. It rarely lasts more than seven or eight minutes, but so poisonous are its effects, that it instantly suffocates those who are unfortunate enough to inhale it.
24 I told this. ver. 8. Ex. 8:19. Da. 4:7.
25 God. See on ver. 16. Ex. 9:14. Jos. 11:6. Ps. 98:2. Is. 41:22, 23; 43:9. Da. 2:28, 29, 45, 47. Am. 3:7. Mat. 24:40. Mar. 13:23. Ep. 1:17. Re. 4:1.
26 are. or, signify. ver. 2, 5, 29, 47, 53; ch. 40:18. Ex. 12:11. 1 Co. 10:4. good ears are seven. See ch. 40:12. the dream is one. ch. 2:24. Ex. 26:6. 1 Jno. 5:7.
27 seven years of famine. 2 Sa. 24:13. 2 Ki. 8:1.
28 What God. See on ver. 16, 25.
29 ver. 26, 46, 49.
30 seven years. ver. 27, 54. 2 Sa. 24:13. 1 Ki. 17:1. 2 Ki. 8:1. Lu. 4:25. Ja. 5:17. shall be. ver. 21, 51. Pr. 31:7. Is. 65:16. consume. ch. 47:13. Ps. 105:16.
31 the plenty. It is well known, that in Egypt there is scarcely any rain, the country depending for its fertility upon the overflowing of the Nile; and that the fertility is in proportion to the duration and quantity of the overflow, in order to saturate the land and prepare it for the seed. PLINY has given a scale, by which the plenty or dearth may be ascertained; which may be considered as perfectly correct. The ordinary height of the inundations is 16 cubits. When the waters are lower than this standard, they do not overflow the whole ground; when above this standard they are too long in running off. In the first case, the ground is not saturated; by the second, the waters are detained so long on the ground that seed-time is lost. The province marks both. If it rise only 12 cubits, a famine is the consequence; at 13 hunger prevails; 14 produces general rejoicing; 15 perfect security; and 16 all the luxuries of life. grievous. Heb. heavy. 1 Sa. 5:6. Is. 24:20.
32 doubled. ch. 37:7, 9. Job 33:14, 15. 2 Co. 13:1. it is because. Nu. 23:19. Is. 14:24–27; 46:10, 11. Mat. 24:35. established by. or, prepared of. Is. 30:33. Mat. 25:34, 41. Mar. 10:40. 1 Co. 2:9. Re. 9:15.
33 therefore. Da. 4:27. look out. Ex. 18:19–22. De. 1:13. Ac. 6:3.
34 officers. or, overseers. Nu. 31:14. 2 Ki. 11:11, 12. 2 Ch. 34:12. Ne. 11:9. and take. Job 5:20. Ps. 33:19. Pr. 6:6–8; 22:3; 27:12. Lu. 16:5.
35 gather. ver. 48, 49, 56; ch. 45:6, 7. hand. Ex. 4:13.
36 that the. ch. 47:13–25. perish not. Heb. be not cut off. ver. 30.
37 the thing. Ps. 105:19. Pr. 10:20; 25:11. Ac. 7:10. good. Jos. 22:30. 2 Sa. 3:36. 1 Ki. 21:2.
38 in whom. Nu. 27:18. Job 32:8. Da. 4:6, 8, 18; 5:11, 14; 6:3.
39 ver. 16, 25, 28, 33.
40 Thou shalt. ch. 39:4–6; 45:8, 9, 26; 105:21, 22. Pr. 22:29. Da. 2:46–48; 5:29; 6:3. be ruled. Heb. be armed, or kiss 1 Sa. 10:1. Job 31:27. Ps. 2:12.
41 ver. 44; ch. 39:5, 22. Es. 10:3. Pr. 17:2; 22:29. Da. 2:7, 8; 4:2, 3; 6:3. Mat. 28:18. Phi. 2:9–11.
42 his ring. Es. 3:10, 12; 6:7–12; 8:2, 8, 10, 15; 10:3. Da. 2:46, 47; 5:7, 29. Lu. 15:22. fine linen. or, silk. Eze. 27:7. a gold chain. Pr. 1:9; 31:22, 24. Ca. 1:10. Eze. 16:10, 11. Da. 5:7, 16, 29. Lu. 19:16–19.
43 and they. Es. 6:8, 9. Bow the knee. or, Tender father. ch. 45:8. Heb. Abrech. ruler. ch. 42:6, 30, 33; 45:8, 26. Ac. 7:10.
44 lift up his hand. Ex. 11:7.
45 Zaphnath-paaneah. which in Coptic signifies a revealer of secrets, or, the man to whom secrets are revealed. JEROME says this name signified in Egyptian, Salvatorem mundi, ‘the Saviour of the world;’ and Psotem-phaneh, in Coptic, is certainly ‘salvation of the world,’ from ⲥⲱⲧ, for σωτηρια, salvation, em, the sign of the genitive case, and ⲫⲉⲛⲉⲏ, world. If this interpretation be correct, Pharaoh must have meant Egypt by the world, of which Joseph might be justly termed the Saviour. We know that the Romans called their empire Universis Orbis—Orbis Terrarum, ‘all the world:’ the Chinese say the same of their empire at the present day, and the phrase is used in the East: Nadir Shah is described on his coins as ‘Conqueror of the World,’ i.e. Persia. See the same phraseology applied to Syria, Palestine, etc. Lu. 2:1. Ac. 11:28. priest of. or, prince. ch. 14:18. Ex. 2:16, marg. 2 Sa. 8:18; 20:26. Heb. On. ch. 46:20. Eze. 30:17. Aven.
46 years. ch. 37:2. Nu. 4:3. 2 Sa. 5:4. Lu. 3:23. he stood. 1 Sa. 16:21. 1 Ki. 12:6, 8. Pr. 22:29. Da. 1:19. Lu. 21:36. Jude 24.
47 From A.M. 2289, B.C. 1715, to A.M. 2296, B.C. 1708. handfuls. ch. 26:12. Ps. 72:16.
48 ver. 34–36; ch. 47:21.
49 ch. 22:17. Ju. 6:5; 7:12. 1 Sa. 13:5. Job 1:3. Ps. 78:27. Je. 33:22.
50 unto Joseph. ch. 46:20; 48:5. Asenath. ver. 45; ch. 46:20. priest. or, prince. 2 Sa. 8:18.
51 called. A.M. 2292. B.C. 1712. ch. 48:5, 13, 14, 18–20. De. 33:17. Manasseh. i.e. Forgetting. See on ver. 30. Ps. 45:10. Is. 57:16. forget. Ps. 30:5, 11. Pr. 31:7. Is. 65:16.
52 A.M. 2293. B.C. 1711. called he. ch. 29:32–35; 30:6–13; 50:23. Ephraim. i.e. Fruitful. ch. 48:16–19; 49:22. Is. 40:1, 2. the land. Ps. 105:17, 18. Am. 6:6. Ac. 7:10.
53 A.M. 2296. B.C. 1708. ver. 29–31. Ps. 73:20. Lu. 16:25.
54 the seven. ver. 3, 4, 6, 7, 27; ch. 45:11. Ps. 105:16. Ac. 7:11. according. ver. 30. and the dearth. ch. 42:2, 5, 6; 43:1; 45:11; 47:13.
55 famished. 2 Ki. 6:25–29. Je. 14:1–6. La. 4:3–10. Go unto. ver. 40, 41. Ps. 105:20–22. Mat. 3:17; 17:5. Jno. 1:14–16. Phi. 4:19. Col. 1:19.
56 the face. Is. 23:17. Zec. 5:3. Lu. 21:35. Ac. 17:26. all the storehouses. Heb. all wherein was. sold. ch. 42:6; 47:14–24.
57 all countries. ch. 42:1, 5; 50:20. De. 9:28. Ps. 105:16, 17. in all lands. ver. 54, 56.


  CHAP. 42

  Jacob sends his ten sons to buy corn in Egypt, 1–15. They are imprisoned by Joseph for spies, 16, 17. They are set at liberty, on condition to bring Benjamin, 18–20. They have remorse for Joseph, 21–23. Simeon is kept for a pledge, 24. They return with corn, and their money, 25–28. Their relation to Jacob, 29–35. Jacob refuses to send Benjamin, 36–38.

1 when Jacob. ch. 41:54, 57. Ac. 7:12. saw. i.e. heard, from the report of others, that there was plenty in Egypt. The operations of one sense are frequently put for those of another in Hebrew; (see the Parallel Passages.) ver. 2. Ex. 5:19; 20:18. 1 Ki. 19:3. Ho. 5:13. Ga. 2:7. Why do ye. Jos. 7:10. 2 Ki. 8:3, 4. Ezr. 10:4. Je. 8:14.
2 get you. ch. 43:2, 4; 45:9. that we. ch. 43:8. Ps. 118:17. Is. 38:1. Mat. 4:4.
3 ver. 5, 13.
4 Benjamin. ch. 35:16–19. Lest. ver. 38; ch. 3:22; 11:4; 33:1, 2; 43:14, 29; 44:20–22, 27–34.
5 for. ch. 12:10; 26:1; 41:57. Ac. 7:11; 11:28.
6 governor. Shallit, an intendant, protector, ruler, from shalat, to be over as a protector, to rule: hence the Arabic salita, to obtain and exercise dominion, rule; and sultân, ruler, lord, prince, and king. ch. 41:40, 41; 45:8, 26. Ps. 105:16–21. Ac. 7:10. he it was. ch. 41:55, 56. bowed. ch. 18:2; 19:1; 37:7, 9; 44:14. Re. 3:9.
7 roughly unto them. Heb. hard things with them. ver. 9–12, 14–17, 19, 20. Mat. 15:23–26.
8 but they knew. Lu. 24:16. Jno. 20:14; 21:4.
9 remembered. ch. 37:5–9. Ye are spies. Persons who, under the pretence of wishing to buy corn, desire only to find out whether the land be so defenceless that the tribes to which you belong may attack it successfully, drive out the inhabitants, and settle themselves in it; or, having plundered it, retire into their deserts. This is a frequent custom among the Arabs to the present day. ver. 9, 16, 30, 31, 34. Nu. 13:2, 16–20. Jos. 2:1; 6:23. Ju. 1:24. 1 Sa. 26:4. Lu. 20:20. He. 11:31. nakedness. Ex. 32:25.
10 ch. 27:29, 37; 37:8; 44:9. 1 Sa. 26:17. 1 Ki. 18:7.
11 We are, etc. We do not belong to different tribes; and it is not likely that one family would make a hostile attempt upon a whole kingdom; nor, if any serious design had been intended, that one man would have sent his sons on so hazardous an expedition. true men. ver. 19, 33, 34. Jno. 7:18. 2 Co. 6:4.
12 nakedness. ver. 9.
13 Thy servants. ver. 11, 32; ch. 29:32–35; 30:6–24; 35:16–26; 43:7; 46:8–27. Ex. 1:2–5. Nu. ch. 1; 10; 26; 34. 1 Ch. ch. 2–8. one is not. ver. 36, 38; ch. 37:30; 44:20, 28; 45:26. Je. 31:15. La. 5:7. Mat. 2:16, 18.
14 ver. 9–11. Job 13:24; 19:11. Mat. 15:21–28.
15 By the life. ver. 7, 12, 16, 30. De. 6:13. 1 Sa. 1:26; 17:55; 20:3. Je. 5:2, 7. Mat. 5:33–37; 23:16–22. Ja. 5:12. except. ver. 20, 34; ch. 43:3; 44:20–34.
16 kept in prison. Heb. bound.
17 put. Heb. gathered. Is. 24:22. Ac. 5:18. ward. ch. 40:4, 7; 41:10. Le. 24:12. Ps. 119:65. Ac. 4:3. He. 12:10.
18 I fear God. ch. 20:11. Le. 25:43. Ne. 5:9, 15. Lu. 18:2, 4.
19 house. ch. 40:3. Is. 42:7, 22. Je. 37:15. carry corn. ver. 1, 2, 26; ch. 41:56; 43:1, 2; 45:23.
20 bring. ver. 15, 34; ch. 43:5, 19; 44:23. And they. ver. 26; ch. 6:22. Jno. 2:5.
21 they said. ch. 41:9. Nu. 32:23. 2 Sa. 12:13. 1 Ki. 17:18. Job 33:27, 28; 34:31, 32; 36:8, 9. Ho. 5:15. Mat. 27:3, 4. Mar. 9:44, 46, 48. Lu. 16:28. Ac. 19:18. we saw. ch. 37:23–28. Ju. 1:7. Pr. 21:13; 24:11, 12; 28:17. Je. 2:17, 19; 4:18; 34:17. Mat. 7:2. 1 Jno. 1:9. Ja. 2:13. this distress Pr. 1:27, 28.
22 Spake I. ch. 37:21, 22, 29, 30. Lu. 23:41. Ro. 2:15. his blood. ch. 4:10; 9:5, 6. 1 Ki. 2:32. 2 Ch. 24:22. Ps. 9:12. Eze. 3:18. Lu. 11:50, 51. Ac. 28:4. Re. 13:10; 16:9.
23 he spake unto them by an interpreter. Heb. un interpreter was between them. The mailitz does not seem to have been an interpreter in our sense of the term; as we have many evidences in this book that the Egyptians, Hebrews, Canaanites, and Syrians, could understand each other in a general way; and it appears from several passages in this very chapter, (particularly ver. 24,) that Joseph and his brethren understood each others’ language, as his brethren and Joseph’s steward also did, (ch. 43:19, etc.; compare ch. 39; 49.) It seems to denote an officer who is called in Abyssinia, according to Mr. BRUCE, Kal Hatzé, ‘the voice or WORD of the king,’ who always stands at the side of a lattice window of a balcony, within which the king sits; who is never seen, but who speaks through a hole in the side of it, covered in the inside with a curtain, to this officer, by whom he speaks to the persons present.
24 wept. ch. 43:30. Is. 63:9. Lu. 19:41. Ro. 12:15. 1 Co. 12:26. He. 4:15. Simeon. ch. 34:25; 49:5–7. Jude 22, 23.
25 commanded. ch. 44:1, 2. Is. 55:1. to give them. ch. 45:21. Mat. 6:33. and thus. Mat. 5:44. Ro. 12:17–21. 1 Pe. 3:9.
27 the inn. ch. 43:21; 44:11. Ex. 4:24. Lu. 2:7; 10:34. inn. Malon, from loon, to stay, abide, lodge, denotes any place to stay and lodge in, particularly a place where travellers usually stop to lodge, which is generally near a well, where they fill their girbehs, or leathern bottles, with fresh water, and having unladen and clogged their camels, asses, etc., permit them to crop any little verdure there may be in the place, keeping watch over them by turns. Our word inn here gives us a false idea, there were no such places of entertainment in the desert which Joseph’s brethren had to pass; nor are there any at the present day. The only accommodation such a place affords is either a well, or a khan, or caravanserai, which is generally no more than four bare walls, perfectly exposed, the place being open at the top, and furnishing a wretched lodging: and even these, it is probable, were not in use at this early period.
28 their heart. ver. 36; ch. 27:33. Le. 26:36. De. 28:65. 1 Ki. 10:5. Ps. 61:2. Ca. 5:6. Lu. 21:26. failed them. Heb. went forth. This refers to the spasmodic affection which is felt in the breast at any sudden alarm or fright. What is. Is. 45:7. La. 2:17; 3:37. Am. 3:6.
30 roughly to us. Heb. with us hard things. ver. 7–20.
33 ver. 15, 19, 20.
34 traffick. ch. 34:10, 21. 1 Ki. 10:15. Eze. 17:4.
35 every man’s. ver. 27, 28; ch. 43:21.
36 Me have ye. ch. 37:20–35; 43:14. all these things are against me. Alay hayoo cullanah, literally, ‘upon me are all these things:’ rendered by the Vulgate, in me hæc omnia mala reciderunt, ‘all these evils fall back upon me;’ they lie upon me as heavy loads, hastening my death: they are more than I can bear. ch. 45:28; 47:12. 1 Sa. 27:1. Job 7:7. Ps. 34:19. Ec. 7:8. Is. 27:9; 38:10; 41:10, 13, 14. Mat. 14:31. Ro. 8:28, 31. 1 Co. 10:13. 2 Co. 4:17. Ja. 5:7–11.
37 Slay my. ch. 43:9; 44:32–34; 46:9. Mi. 6:7.
38 his brother. ver. 13; ch. 30:22–24; 35:16–18; 37:33, 35; 44:20, 27–34. if mischief. ver. 4; ch. 44:29. bring. ch. 37:35; 44:29, 31. 1 Ki. 2:6. Ps. 71:18; 90:10. Ec. 1:14; 2:26. Is. 38:10; 46:4.


  CHAP. 43

  Jacob is hardly persuaded to send Benjamin, 1–14. Joseph entertains his brethren, 15–18. They discover their fears to the steward, 19–25. Joseph makes them a feast, 26–34.

1 ch. 18:13; 41:54–57; 42:5. Ec. 9:1, 2. La. 5:10. Ac. 7:11–13.
2 ver. 4, 20; ch. 42:1, 2. Pr. 15:16; 16:18; 31:16. 1 Ti. 5:8; 6:6–8.
3 man. ch. 42:15–20, 33, 34; 44:23. did solemnly protest. Heb. protesting, protested. Ac. 7:34. see my face. ver. 5. 2 Sa. 3:13; 14:24, 28, 32. Ac. 20:25, 38.
5 will not. ch. 42:38; 44:26. Ex. 20:12.
7 asked us straitly. Heb. asking asked us. ver. 3, marg. tenor. Heb. mouth. could we certainly know. knowing could we know. ver. 3, marg.
8 lad with me. ch. 42:38; 44:26. Ex. 20:12. that we. ch. 42:2. De. 33:6. 2 Ki. 7:4, 13. Ps. 118:17. also our. ch. 45:19; 50:8, 21. Nu. 14:31. Ezr. 8:21.
9 will be. ch. 42:37; 44:32, 33. 1 Ki. 1:21. Job 17:3. Ps. 119:122. Phile. 18, 19. Heb. 7:22. of my hand. ch. 9:5; 31:39. Eze. 3:18, 20; 33:6, 8. Lu. 11:50.
10 ch. 19:16. this second time. or, twice by this.
11 If it must be. ver. 14. Es. 4:16. Ac. 21:14. carry down. ch. 32:13–21; 33:10; 37:25. De. 33:14. 1 Sa. 9:7; 25:27. 1 Ki. 4:21; 10:25; 15:19. 2 Ki. 8:8; 16:8; 20:12. Ps. 68:29; 72:10; 76:11. Pr. 17:18; 18:16; 19:6; 21:14. Eze. 27:15. a little balm. ch. 37:25. Je. 8:22. Eze. 27:17. balm. For an explanation of the words tzori, nechoth, and lot, here rendered respectively balm, spices, and myrrh, see on ch. 37:25. Devash, honey, is supposed by some not to have been that produced by bees, but a syrup produced from ripe dates. The Jewish doctors observe, that the word in 2 Ch. 31:5 signifies dates; and the Arabians, at this day, call the choicest dates preserved with butter, dabous, and the honey obtained from them, dibs, or dabs. Benanim, nuts, signifies pistachio nuts, the finest being found in Syria; but, according to others, a small nut, the produce of a species of the turpentine tree. Shekaidim is certainly almonds. honey. Le. 20:24. spices. 1 Ki. 10:15. 2 Ch. 32:27. Ca. 4:10, 14–16; 5:1; 8:14.
12 double. Ro. 12:17; 13:8. 2 Co. 8:21. Phi. 4:8. 1 Th. 4:6; 5:21. He. 13:8. mouth. ch. 42:25, 35.
13 ch. 42:38.
14 And God. ch. 17:1; 22:14; 32:11–28; 39:21. Ezr. 7:27. Ne. 1:11. Es. 4:16. Ps. 37:5–7; 85:7; 100:5; 119:41. Pr. 1:1; 16:7; 21:1. Is. 49:13. Lu. 1:50. Ac. 7:10; 21:14. 1 Ti. 1:2, 16. Tit. 1:4. 2 Jno. 3. If I be, etc. or, and I, as I have been, etc. Es. 4:16. See on ver. 11.
16 the ruler. ver. 19; ch. 15:2; 24:2–10; 39:4, 5; 44:1. slay. Heb. kill a killing. ch. 21:8; 26:30; 31:54. 1 Sa. 25:11. Tevoch taivach, ‘slay a slaying,’ or make a great slaughter: let preparations be made for a great feast or entertainment. See a similar form of speech in ch. 31:54. 1 Sa. 25:11. Pr. 9:2. dine with. Heb. eat.
18 the men. ch. 42:21, 28, 35. Ju. 13:22. Job 15:21. Ps. 53:5; 73:16. Is. 7:2. Mat. 14:26, 27. Mar. 6:16. seek occasion against us. Heb. Roll himself upon us. De. 22:14, 17. Ju. 14:4. Job 30:14. Ro. 7:8.
20 we came indeed down. Heb. coming down we came down. ver. 3, 7; ch. 42:3, 10, 27, 35.
21 we came. ch. 42:27–35. we have. ver. 12. Ro. 12:17; 13:8. He. 13:5, 18. 1 Pe. 2:12; 3:16.
23 Peace. Ju. 6:23; 19:20. 1 Sa. 25:6. 1 Ch. 12:18. Ezr. 4:17. Lu. 10:5; 24:36. Jno. 14:27; 20:19, 21, 26. I had your money. Heb. Your money came to me. Caspechem ba ailai, ‘your money comes to me:’ as I am the steward, the cash for the corn belongs to me. Ye have no occasion to be apprehensive of any evil; the whole transaction is between myself and you; receive therefore the money as a present from ‘the God of your father,’ no matter whose hands he employs to convey it. Simeon. ver. 14; ch. 42:24, 36.
24 ch. 18:4; 19:2; 24:32. Lu. 7:44. Jno. 13:4–17.
25 ver. 11, 16.
26 bowed. ver. 28; ch. 27:29; 37:7–10, 19, 20; 42:6. Ps. 72:9. Ro. 14:11. Phi. 2:10, 11.
27 welfare. Heb. peace. ch. 37:14; 41:16. Ex. 18:7. Ju. 18:15. 1 Sa. 17:22; 25:5. 1 Ch. 18:10. Is your father well. Heb. Is there peace to your father. the old. ch. 42:11, 13.
28 bowed. ver. 26; ch. 37:7, 9, 10. made obeisance. Ex. 18:7. 2 Sa. 1:2; 14:4. 1 Ki. 1:16. 2 Ch. 24:17.
29 mother’s son. ch. 30:22–24; 35:17, 18. of whom. ch. 42:11, 13. God. ch. 45:8. Jos. 7:19. 2 Ch. 29:11. Ps. 133:1, 2. Mat. 9:2, 22. Mar. 10:24. 1 Ti. 1:2. He. 13:1. my son. Nu. 6:25. Ps. 111:4; 112:4. Is. 30:19; 33:2. Mal. 1:9.
30 his bowels. 1 Ki. 3:26. Je. 31:20. Ho. 11:8. Phi. 1:8; 2:1. Col. 3:12. 1 Jno. 3:17. wept there. ch. 42:24. Jno. 11:33–38. Ac. 20:19, 31, 37. 2 Ti. 1:4.
31 refrained. ch. 45:1. Is. 42:14. Je. 31:16. 1 Pe. 3:10. bread. ver. 25.
32 eat bread. ver. 16; ch. 31:54. for that is an abomination. The Chaldee Paraphrast renders this clause, ‘Because the Hebrews eat the cattle which the Egyptians worship.’ But, as we learn from ver. 16, compared with this verse, that the provision for the entertainment of the Egyptians themselves was animal food, this reason cannot be just. The true reason seems to be that assigned by the LXX., Βδελυγμα γαρ εστιν τοις Αιγυπτιοις πας ποιμην προβατων: ‘For every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians.’ ch. 46:34. Ex. 8:26.
33 ch. 44:12.
34 messes. 2 Sa. 11:8. was five times. Sir JOHN CHARDIN observes, that ‘in Persia, Arabia, and the Indies, there are some houses where they place several plates in large salvers, and set one of these before each person, or before two or three, according to the magnificence of each house. The great men of the state are always served by themselves, in the feasts that are made for them; and with great profusion, their part of each kind of provision being always double, treble, or a larger proportion of each kind of meat.’ ch. 45:22. 1 Sa. 1:5; 9:22–24. were merry. Heb. drank largely. Pr. 31:6. Ec. 9:7; 10:19. Ca. 5:1. Hab. 1:6. Mat. 11:19. Jno. 2:10.


  CHAP. 44

  Joseph’s policy to stay his brethren, 1–5. The cup is found in Benjamin’s sack, 6–13. They are brought before Joseph, 14–17. Judah’s humble supplication to Joseph, 18–34.

1 the steward. Heb. him that was over his house. ch. 24:2; 43:16, 19. Fill the. ch. 42:25; 43:2. Is. 3:1.
2 ch. 42:15, 16, 20; 43:32. De. 8:2, 16; 13:3. Mat. 10:16. 2 Co. 8:8.
4 Up. De. 2:16. Wherefore. 1 Sa. 24:17. 2 Ch. 20:11. Ps. 35:12; 109:5. Pr. 17:13. Jno. 10:32.
5 divineth. or, maketh trial. ver. 15, marg. ch. 30:27. Le. 19:26. 1 Ki. 20:33. 2 Ki. 21:6. In the East, there is an ancient tradition, that there was A CUP which possessed the strange property of representing in it the whole world, and all the things which were then doing. The cup is called Jami Jemsheed, ‘the cup of Jemsheed,’ a very ancient king of Persia; and they say that it was discovered, filled with the elixir of immortality, when digging to lay the foundations of Persepolis. The Persian poets are full of allusions to this cup, which they style Jam jehan nima, the cup shewing the universe; and to it they ascribe all the prosperity of their ancient monarchs. Many of the Mahometan princes and governors affect still to have information by means of a cup. Now, though it cannot be admitted that Joseph practised divination, yet, according to the superstition of those times, supernatural influence might be attributed to HIS CUP.
7 ch. 34:25–31; 35:22; 37:18–32; 38:16–18. Jos. 22:22–29. 2 Sa. 20:20. 2 Ki. 8:13. Pr. 22:1. Ec. 7:1. He. 13:18.
8 the money, ch. 42:21, 27, 35; 43:12, 21, 22. how then. See on ver. 7. Ex. 20:15. De. 5:19. Mat. 19:18. Ro. 13:9. Ja. 2:10, 11.
9 both. ch. 31:32. Job 31:38–40. Ps. 7:3–5. Ac. 25:11. and we. ch. 43:18.
10 he with whom. ver. 17, 33. Ex. 22:3. Mat. 18:24, 25.
12 began. ch. 43:33. and the cup. ver. 26–32; ch. 42:36–38; 43:14.
13 ch. 37:29–34. Nu. 14:6. 2 Sa. 1:2, 11; 13:19.
14 he was yet. ch. 43:16, 25. fell. ch. 37:7–9; 50:18. Phi. 2:10, 11.
15 What. ver. 4, 5; ch. 3:13; 4:10. wot ye not. ch. 21:26; 39:8. Ex. 32:1. divine. or, make trial. ver. 5.
16 Judah. ver. 32; ch. 43:8, 9. What shall we say. De. 25:1. Ezr. 9:10, 15. Job 40:4. Pr. 17:15. Is. 5:3. Da. 9:7. Ac. 2:37. God hath. ch. 37:18–28; 42:21, 22. Nu. 32:23. Jos. 7:1, 18. Ju. 1:7. Pr. 28:17. Mat. 7:2. Lu. 12:2. iniquity. ch. 43:9. Is. 27:9. Da. 9:7. behold. ver. 9; ch. 37:7, 9.
17 God forbid. ch. 18:25; 42:18. 2 Sa. 23:3. Ps. 75:2. Pr. 17:15. he shall. ver. 10. in peace. ch. 26:29; 37:32, 33.
18 Oh my Lord. ‘No paraphrase,’ says Dr. A. CLARKE, ‘can heighten the effect of Judah’s address to Joseph. To add, would be to diminish its excellence; to attempt to explain, would be to obscure its beauties; to clothe the ideas in other language than that of Judah, and his translators in our Bible, would ruin its energy, and destroy its influence. It is perhaps one of the most tender, affecting pieces of natural oratory ever spoken or penned: and we need not wonder to find that, when Joseph heard it, he could not refrain himself, but wept aloud. His soul must have been insensible beyond what is common to human nature, had he not immediately yielded to a speech so delicately tender, and so powerfully impressive.’ let thy. ch. 18:30, 32. 2 Sa. 14:12. Job 33:31. Ac. 2:29. anger. Ex. 32:22. Es. 1:12. Ps. 79:5. as Pharaoh. ch. 41:40, 44. Pr. 19:12. Da. 3:15, 19–23; 5:19. Jno. 5:22.
19 ch. 42:7–10; 43:7, 29.
20 we said. Every word in this verse is simplicity and pathos itself. No man of the least sensibility can read it without great emotion. Indeed the whole speech is exquisitely beautiful, and perhaps the most complete pattern of genuine natural eloquence extant in any language. When we read this generous speech, we forgive Judah all the past, and cannot refuse to say, ‘Thou art he whom thy brethren shall praise.’ ch. 49:8. a child. ch. 35:18; 37:3, 19; 43:7, 8; 46:21. and his brother. ch. 37:33–35; 42:36, 38. he alone. ver. 27–29 Lu. 7:12.
21 Bring. ch. 42:15, 20; 43:29. that I may. Je. 24:6; 40:4. Am. 9:4.
22 his father would die. ver. 30; ch. 42:38.
23 ch. 42:15–20; 43:3, 5.
24 we told him. ch. 42:29–34.
25 ch. 43:2, 5.
26 ch. 43:4, 5. Lu. 11:7.
27 ch. 29:18–21, 28; 30:22–25; 35:16–18; 46:19.
28 the one. ch. 37:13, 14. Surely. ch. 37:33; 42:36, 38.
29 And if. ch. 42:36, 38; 43:14. Ps. 88:3, 4. sorrow. ver. 31; ch. 42:38. De. 31:17. Ps. 88:4.
30 when I. ver. 17, 31, 34. his life. 1 Sa. 18:1; 25:29; 2 Sa. 18:33.
31 when he. 1 Sa. 4:17, 18. 2 Co. 7:10. 1 Th. 4:13. servants shall. ver. 29; ch. 37:26, 27, 35; 44:21, 23, 31–33. 1 Sa. 22:22.
32 ch. 43:8, 9, 16.
33 therefore. What must Benjamin have felt when he heard his brother conclude his speech by a proposal which could never have been thought of if it had not been actually made! Perhaps the annals of the whole world do not produce an instance of so heroic and disinterested affection in any mere man. I pray thee. Ex. 32:32. Ro. 5:7–10; 9:3. instead. He. 7:22. 1 Jno. 3:16.
34 lest. 1 Sa. 2:33, 34. 2 Ch. 34:28. Es. 8:6. Je. 52:10, 11. come on. Heb. find. Ex. 18:8. Job 31:29. Ps. 116:3; 119:143, marg.


  CHAP. 45

  Joseph makes himself known to his brethren, 1–4. He comforts them in God’s providence, 5–8. He sends for his father, 9–15. Pharaoh confirms it, 16–20. Joseph furnishes them for their journey, and exhorts them to concord, 21–24. Jacob is revived with the news, 25–28.

1 could not. ch. 43:30, 31. Is. 42:14. Je. 20:9. Cause. 2 Sa. 1:20. Mat. 18:15. Ac. 10:41. 1 Co. 13:5.
2 wept aloud. Heb. gave forth his voice in weeping. ‘This,’ says Sir J. CHARDIN, ‘is exactly the genius of the people of Asia; their sentiments of joy or grief are properly transports, and their transports are ungoverned, excessive, and truly outrageous. When any one returns from a long journey or dies, his family burst into cries that may be heard twenty doors off; and this is renewed at different times, and continues many days, according to the vigour of the passion. Sometimes they cease all at once, and then begin as suddenly, with a greater shrillness and loudness than one could easily imagine.’ Nu. 14:1. Ru. 1:9. 2 Ki. 20:3. Ac. 20:37.
3 I am Joseph. Mat. 14:27. Ac. 7:13; 9:5. for they. Job 4:5; 23:15. Zec. 12:10. Mat. 14:26. Mar. 6:50. Lu. 5:8; 24:37, 38. Re. 1:7. troubled. or, terrified.
4 I am Joseph. ch. 37:28; 50:18. Mat. 14:27. Ac. 9:5.
5 be not grieved. Is. 40:1, 2. Lu. 23:34. 2 Co. 2:7, 11. nor angry with yourselves. Heb. neither let there be anger in your eyes. God. ver. 7, 8; ch. 47:25; 50:20. 1 Sa. 1:19. 2 Sa. 12:12; 16:10–12; 17:14. Job 1:21. Ps. 105:16, 17. Ac. 2:23, 24; 4:24–28; 7:9–15.
6 two years. ch. 41:29–31, 54, 56; 47:18. earing. Earing means ploughing or seed-time, from the Anglo-Saxon erian, probably from aro, to plough; and agrees with αροω, Greek, charatha, Arabic, and charash, Hebrew. ch. 47:23. Ex. 34:21. De. 21:4. 1 Sa. 8:12. Is. 30:24.
7 to preserve you a posterity. Heb. to put for you a remnant. to save. Ju. 15:18. 1 Ch. 11:14. Ps. 18:50; 44:4. Ac. 7:35.
8 it was not. ver. 5. Jno. 15:16; 19:11. Ro. 9:16. father. ch. 41:39–48. Ju. 17:10. Job 29:16. Ps. 105:21, 22.
9 Thus saith. ver. 26–28. come. ver. 13, 19, 20.
10 in the land. ch. 46:29, 34; 47:1–6. Ex. 8:22; 9:26. Goshen. Goshen was the most eastern district of Lower Egypt, and the frontier of that country and Arabia, not far from the Arabian gulf, and lying next to Canaan; for Jacob went directly thither when he came into Egypt, from which it was about eighty miles distant, though Hebron was distant from the Egyptian capital about three hundred miles. be near. Jno. 14:2, 3; 17:24.
11 ch. 47:6, 12. Mat. 15:5, 6. Mar. 7:9–12. 1 Ti. 5:4.
12 your eyes. ch. 42:23. Lu. 24:39. Jno. 20:27. my mouth. Not as ch. 42:23.
13 my glory. Jno. 17:24. 1 Pe. 1:10–12. Re. 21:23. bring. Ac. 7:14.
14 ch. 29:11; 33:4; 46:29. Ro. 1:31.
15 Moreover. ver. 2; ch. 29:11, 13; 33:4. Ex. 4:27. Ru. 1:9, 14. 1 Sa. 10:1; 20:41. 2 Sa. 14:33. Lu. 15:20. Ac. 20:37. talked. Ps. 77:4.
16 it pleased Pharaoh well. Heb. was good in the eyes of Pharaoh. ch. 16:6; 20:15; 34:18; 41:33. De. 1:33. 2 Sa. 3:36. 2 Ch. 30:4. Es. 1:21; 2:4; 5:14. Ac. 6:5.
17 lade your. ch. 42:25, 26; 44:1, 2.
18 the fat. ch. 27:28; 47:6. Nu. 18:12, 29. De. 32:14. Ps. 81:16; 147:14. Is. 28:1, 4.
19 commanded. Is. 49:1, 23. waggons. ver. 27; ch. 46:5. for your. ch. 31:17, 18.
20 regard not. Heb. let not your eye spare, etc. De. 7:16; 19:13, 21. Is. 13:18. Eze. 7:4, 9; 9:5; 20:17. stuff. Ex. 22:7. Jos. 7:11. 1 Sa. 10:22; 25:13; 30:24. Eze. 12:3, 4. Mat. 24:17. Lu. 17:31. the good. ver. 18; ch. 20:15. Ezr. 9:12. Is. 1:19.
21 waggons. ver. 19, 27; ch. 46:5. Nu. 7:3–9. Eze. 23:24. commandment. Heb. mouth. ver. 19. Ex. 17:1. Nu. 3:16. 2 Ch. 8:13; 35:16. Ec. 8:2. La. 1:18.
22 To all. It is a common custom with all the Asiatic sovereigns to give both garments and money to ambassadors and persons of distinction, whom they particularly wish to honour. DE LA MOTRAYE says, ‘that they then clothed them (the ambassadors) with caffetans (long vests of gold or silver brocade) with large silk flowers.’ each. Ju. 14:12, 19. 2 Ki. 5:5, 22, 23. Re. 6:11. to Benjamin. ch. 43:34.
23 laden with. Heb. carrying. meat. As mazon is derived from zoon, to prepare, provide, Dr. A. CLARKE thinks it may mean here prepared meat; some made-up dish, delicacies, confectionaries, etc. In Asiatic countries they have several curious methods of preserving flesh by potting, by which it may be kept, for any length of time, sweet and wholesome. Some delicacy, similar to the savoury meat which Isaac loved, may be here intended; sent to Jacob in consideration of his age, and to testify the respect of his son; for of other kinds of meat he could have no need, as he had large flocks and herds, and could kill a lamb, kid, etc. when he pleased.
24 See that. ch. 37:22; 42:21, 22. Ps. 133. Jno. 13:34, 35. Ep. 4:31, 32. Phi. 2:2–5. Col. 3:12, 13. 1 Th. 5:13.
26 Joseph. Lu. 24:34. and he is. ver. 8, 9. Ps. 105:21. And Jacob’s. Heb. And his. ch. 37:35; 42:36, 38; 44:28. Jon. 2:7. he believed. Job 9:16; 29:24. Ps. 126:1. Lu. 24:11, 41.
27 the spirit. Ju. 15:19. 1 Sa. 30:12. Ps. 85:6. Is. 57:15. Ho. 6:2.
28 It is enough. ch. 46:30. Lu. 2:28–30. Jno. 16:21, 22.


  CHAP. 46

  Jacob is comforted by God at Beer-sheba, 1–4. Thence he with his company goes into Egypt, 5–7. The number of his family that went into Egypt, 8–27. Joseph meets Jacob, 28–30. He instructs his brethren how to answer Pharaoh, 31–34.

1 A.M. 2298. B.C. 1706. Beer-sheba. ch. 21:14, 31, 33; 26:22, 23; 28:10. 1 Sa. 3:20. and offered. ch. 4:4; 8:20; 12:8; 22:13; 33:20; 35:3, 7. Job 1:5; 42:8. unto. ch. 21:33; 26:23–25; 28:13; 31:42, 53.
2 in the visions. ch. 15:1, 13; 22:11. Nu. 12:6; 24:4. 2 Ch. 26:5. Job 4:13; 33:14, 15. Da. 2:19. Ac. 9:10; 10:3; 16:9. Jacob. ch. 22:1. Ex. 3:3, 4. 1 Sa. 3:4, 10. Ac. 9:4; 10:13.
3 the God. ch. 28:13. fear not. ch. 15:1, 13; 26:2, 3. Is. 41:10; 43:1, 2. Je. 40:9. Ac. 27:24. I will. ch. 12:2; 13:15, 16; 18:18; 22:17; 28:14; 35:11; 47:27. Ex. 1:7–10. De. 1:10; 10:22; 26:5. Ac. 7:17.
4 will go. ch. 28:15; 48:21. Is. 43:1, 2. and I will. ch. 15:14–16; 50:5, 13, 24, 25. Ex. 3:8. and Joseph. This last and most solemn office, as Mr. HEWLETT observes, that could be paid to a parent, was generally performed by the nearest relation of the deceased. This promise must have given great consolation to the venerable patriarch’s mind. ch. 50:1.
5 Jacob. Ac. 7:15. in the waggons. ch. 31:17, 18; 45:19, 21, 27. Ex. 10:24, 26.
6 into Egypt. ch. 15:13. Nu. 20:15. De. 10:22; 26:5. Jos. 24:4. 1 Sa. 12:8. Ps. 105:23. Is. 52:4. Ac. 7:15.
8 the names. ch. 29; 30; 35:23; ch. 49. Ex. 1:1–5; 6:14–18. 1 Ch. ch. 2; 8. 2 Ch. ch. 1; 26. Reuben. ch. 29:32; 35:22, 23; 49:3, 4. Ex. 6:14. Nu. 1:5, 20, 21; 2:10–13; 26:5–11. De. 33:6. 1 Ch. 2:1–10.
10 Simeon. ch. 29:33; 34:25, 30; 49:5–7. Ex. 6:15. Nu. 1:6, 22, 23; 2:12, 13; 26:12, 13. 1 Ch. 2:1; 4:24–43. Jemuel. or, Nemuel. Jachin. or, Jarib. Zohar. or, Zerah. 1 Ch. 4:24. Canaanitish. ch. 28:1.
11 Levi. ch. 29:34; 49:5–7. Ex. 6:16. Nu. 3:17–22; ch. 4; 8; 26:57, 58. De. 33:8–11. 1 Ch. 2:1, 11, 16; 6:1–3; ch. 22–26. Gershon. or, Gershom. 1 Ch. 6:16.
12 Judah. ch. 29:35; 38:1–3, 7, 10, 24–30; 49:8–12. Nu. 1:7, 26, 27; 26:19–21. De. 33:7. Ju. 1:2. 1 Ch. 2:1, 3–5; ch. 3; 4:1, 21; 5:2. Ps. 78:68. Mat. 1:1–3. He. 7:14. Re. 5:5.
13 Issachar. ch. 30:14–18; 35:23; 49:14, 15. Nu. 1:8, 28–30; 26:23–25. De. 33:18. 1 Ch. 2:1; 7:1–5; 12:32. Phuvah. or, Puah. Job. or, Jashub. 1 Ch. 7:1.
14 Zebulun. ch. 30:19, 20; 49:13. Nu. 1:9, 30, 31; 26:26, 27. De. 33:18, 19. 1 Ch. 2:1.
15 Leah. ch. 29:32–35; 30:17–21; 35:23; 49:3–15. Ex. 1:2, 3. Nu. ch. 1; 10; 26. 1 Ch. 2:1. Padanaram. ch. 25:20. with his. ch. 30:21; 34:1, etc.
16 sons of. ch. 30:11; 35:26; 49:19. Nu. 1:11, 24, 25; 26:15–17. De. 33:20, 21. 1 Ch. 2:2; 5:11–16. Ziphion. or, Zephon. Ezbon. or, Ozni. Arodi. or, Arod. Nu. 26:15–17.
17 Asher. ch. 30:13; 35:26; 49:20. Nu. 1:13, 40, 41; 26:44–46. De. 33:24. 1 Ch. 2:2; 7:30–40.
18 Zilpah. ch. 29:24; 30:9–13; 35:26. Ex. 1:4.
19 Rachel. ch. 29:18; 30:24; 35:16–18, 24; 44:27. Ex. 1:3, 5. 1 Ch. 2:2. Joseph. ch. 37.; 39; 40–45; 47; 49:22–27; 50:1, etc. Nu. 1:36, 37; 26:38–41. De. 33:12–17.
20 Manasseh. ch. 41:50–52; 48:4, 5, 13, 14, 20. Nu. 1:32–35; 26:28–37. De. 33:13–17. 1 Ch. 5:23–26; 7:14–29. priest. or, prince. ch. 41:45, 50, marg.
21 the sons. ch. 49:27. Nu. 1:11, 36, 37. De. 33:12. 1 Ch. 7:6–12; 8:1–7. Ehi. Nu. 26:38. Ahiram. Muppim. Nu. 26:39. Shupham. 1 Ch. 7:12 Shuppim. Huppim. Nu. 26:39. Hupham.
23 Dan. ch. 30:6; 35:25; 49:16, 17. Nu. 1:12, 38, 39; 10:25. De. 33:22. 1 Ch. 2:2; 7:12; 12:35. Hushim. Nu. 26:42, 43. Shuham.
24 Naphtali. ch. 30:7, 8; 35:25; 49:21. Nu. 1:15, 42, 43; 26:48–50. De. 33:23. 2 Ki. 15:29. 1 Ch. 2:2; 12:34. Jahzeel. 1 Ch. 7:13. Jahziel.
25 Bilhah. ch. 29:29; 30:3–8; 35:22, 25. Ex. 1:2.
26 loins. Heb. thigh. ch. 35:11. Ex. 1:5. Ju. 8:30.
27 threescore and ten. Threescore and six were before mentioned, (ver. 26,) so that Joseph and his two sons, together with Jacob himself, complete the seventy persons here enumerated; and the number in ver. 15, 18, 22, 25, amount to that number. The addition of five persons in the LXX. in ver. 20, was either the cause or the consequence of another difference here; for in that version the number is seventy-five. ver. 15, 18, 22, 25. Ex. 1:5; 24:1. De. 10:22. Ac. 7:14.
28 Judah. ch. 43:8; 44:16–34; 49:8. to direct. ch. 31:21. Goshen. Goshen seems to have been a city, after which the land of Goshen was called. The LXX. render it by Ἡρωωνπολις, Heroonpolis, ‘city of Heroon;’ which by some writers is simply called Heroum, and is by the ancient geographers placed in the eastern part of Egypt, not far from the Arabian Gulf. ver. 34; see on ch. 45:10; 47:1.
29 his chariot. ch. 41:43; 45:19, 21. fell on. ch. 33:4; 45:14. Lu. 15:20. Ac. 20:37.
30 ch. 45:28. Lu. 2:29, 30.
31 ch. 45:16–20; 47:1–3. Ac. 18:3. He. 2:11.
32 shepherds. ch. 4:2; 31:18; 37:2; 47:3. Ex. 3:1. 1 Sa. 16:11; 17:15. Ps. 78:70–72. Is. 40:11. Zec. 13:5. their trade hath been to feed cattle. Heb. they are men of cattle. ver. 34; ch. 9:20. 1 Ki. 9:27; 18, 5, 6. and they. ch. 45:10.
33 What is. ver. 32; ch. 47:2–4. Jon. 1:8.
34 Thy servants. ver. 32; ch. 30:35; 34:5; 37:12. for every. From the fragments of MANETHO, preserved in JOSEPHUS and AFRICANUS, it appears that hordes of marauders, called hycassos, or shepherd kings, whose chief occupation, like the Bedouin Arabs of the present day, was to keep flocks, made a powerful irruption into Egypt, which they subdued, and ruled, by a succession of kings, with great tyrrany for 259 years. Hence the persons, and even the very name of shepherds were execrated, and held in the greatest odium by the Egyptians. ch. 43:32. Ex. 8:26.


  CHAP. 47

  Joseph presents his father, and five of his brethren, before Pharaoh, 1–10. He gives them habitation and maintenance, 11, 12. He gets the Egyptians’ money, 13–16; their cattle, 16, 17; and their lands, except the priests’, to Pharaoh, 18–22. He restores the land for a fifth, 23–26. Jacob’s age, 28. He swears Joseph to bury him with his fathers, 29–31.

1 Joseph. ch. 45:16; 46:31. He. 2:11. in the land. ch. 45:10; 46:28, 34. Ex. 8:22; 9:26.
2 presented. Ac. 7:13. 2 Co. 4:14. Col. 1:28. Jude 24.
3 What is. ch. 46:33, 34. Am. 7:14, 15. Jon. 1:8. 2 Th. 3:10. shepherds. ch. 4:2.
4 For to. ch. 12:10; 15:13. De. 26:5. Ps. 105:23. Is. 52:4. Ac. 7:6. for the famine. ch. 43:1. Ac. 7:11. let thy. ch. 46:34.
6 is. ver. 11; ch. 13:9; 20:15; 34:10; 45:18–20. Pr. 21:1. Jno. 17:2. Goshen. ver. 4, 11. men of activity. Anshey chayil, men of strength, power, ability, or prowess. It implies both fitness of mind and body; and so valour, prudence, diligence, and virtue. rulers. Ex. 18:21. 1 Sa. 21:7. 1 Ch. 27:29–31. 2 Ch. 26:10. Pr. 22:29. cattle. Mikneh, from kanah, to possess, signifies property or possession of any kind, though it frequently is used for cattle, because in ancient times they constituted the principal part of a man’s possessions. See ver. 16. Ex. 9:3–6, 10–21.
7 And Jacob. ver. 10; ch. 14:19. Ex. 12:32. Nu. 6:23, 24. Jos. 14:13. 1 Sa. 2:20. 2 Sa. 8:10; 19:39. 1 Ki. 1:47. 2 Ki. 4:29. Mat. 26:26. Lu. 22:19. 1 Pe. 2:17.
8 How old art thou. Heb. How many are the days of the years of thy life? ver. 9.
9 The days. 1 Ch. 29:15. Ps. 39:12; 119:19, 54. 2 Co. 5:6. He. 11:9–16; 13:14. 1 Pe. 2:11. an hundred. Job 14:1. Ps. 39:5; 89:47, 48; 90:3–12. Ja. 4:14. have not. ver. 28; ch. 5:27; 11:11, 24, 25; 25:7, 8; 35:28; 50:26. Ex. 6:4; 7:7. De. 34:7. Jos. 24:29. 2 Sa. 19:32–35. Job 8:8, 9; 42:16, 17.
10 ver. 7; ch. 14:19. Nu. 6:23–27. De. 33:1. Ru. 2:4. 2 Sa. 8:10; 19:39. Ps. 119:46; 129:8. He. 7:7.
11 Rameses. ver. 6. Ex. 1:11; 12:37. Jno. 10:10, 28; 14:2, 23; 17:2, 24.
12 nourished. Ru. 4:15. his father. Ex. 20:12. Mat. 15:4–6. Mar. 7:10–13. 1 Ti. 4:8; 5:4, 8. according to their families. or, as a little child is nourished. Heb. according to the little ones. ver. 1, 21, 24. 1 Th. 2:7.
13 A.M. 2300. B.C. 1704. so that. ch. 41:30, 31. 1 Ki. 18:5. Je. 14:1–6. La. 2:19, 20; 4:9. Ac. 7:11. fainted. Je. 9:12. Joel 1:10–12.
14 the money. ch. 41:56. Joseph brought. Lu. 16:1, 2, 10–12. 1 Co. 4:2. 1 Pe. 4:10.
15 A.M. 2301. B.C. 1703. Give us bread. ver. 18, 19, 24. Ju. 8:5, 8. 1 Sa. 21:3; 25:8. Ps. 37:3. Is. 33:16. Mat. 6:11.
16 Give your cattle. This was the wisest measure that could be adopted, both for the preservation of the people and of the cattle. As the people had not grain for their own sustenance, consequently they could have none for their cattle: hence they were in the most imminent danger of starving; and the people also were in equal danger; as they must have divided a portion of that bought for themselves with the cattle, which, for the sake of tillage, etc., they wished of course to preserve till the seven years’ famine should end. Da. 6:5–7. Pr. 12:17. 1 Co. 10:32. Phi. 4:8. Col. 4:5.
17 for horses. Ex. 9:3. 1 Ki. 10:28. Job 2:4. Is. 31:1. Mat. 6:24. fed them. Heb. led them.
18 A.M. 2302. B.C. 1702. 2 Ki. 6:26. Je. 38:9.
19 buy us. Ne. 5:2, 3. Job 2:4. La. 1:11; 5:6, 9. Mat. 16:26. Phi. 3:8, 9. and give. See on ver. 23.
21 A.M. 2303. B.C. 1701. And as. It is highly probable, that Joseph was influenced by no political motive in removing the people to the cities, but merely by motives of prudence and humanity; for, as the corn was laid up in the cities, it would be more eligible to bring them from distant towns and villages to places where they might be more conveniently supplied with food. to cities. ch. 41:48.
22 of the priests. or, princes. ch. 14:18; 41:45, 50, marg. 2 Sa. 8:18. for the priests. De. 12:19. Jos. ch. 21. Ezr. 7:24. Ne. 13:10. Mat. 10:10. 1 Co. 9:13. Ga. 6:6. 2 Th. 3:10. 1 Ti. 5:17.
23 bought. ver. 19. here is seed. ch. 41:27; 45:6. Ps. 41:1; 107:36, 37; 112:5. Pr. 11:26; 12:11; 13:23. Ec. 11:6. Is. 28:24, 25; 55:10. Mat. 24:45. 2 Co. 9:10.
24 the fifth part. ver. 25; ch. 41:34. Le. 27:32. 1 Sa. 8:15–17. Ps. 41:1; 112:5.
25 Thou hast. ch. 6:19; 41:45, marg.; 45:6–8; 50:20. Pr. 11:26, 27. let us. ch. 18:3; 33:15. Ru. 2:13.
26 made it a law. From this history, and from DIODORUS SICULUS (lib. i.), we learn that the land of Egypt was divided into three parts: one belonged to the PRIESTS, (ver. 22, 26;) a second was the KING’S, (which appears to have been the land of Rameses, or Goshen, ver. 11;) the remainder was the SUBJECTS’. Now Joseph, having purchased the land of the people (ver. 19, 20), restored it, on the condition of their paying a fifth part of the produce to the king, beyond which he appears to have made no demand. except. ver. 22. Eze. 7:24. priests. or, princes. See ver. 22.
27 dwelt. ver. 11. grew. ch. 8:7, 9; 13:16; 26:4; 28:14; 46:3. Ex. 1:7, 12. De. 10:22; 26:5. Ne. 9:23. Ps. 105:24; 107:38. Zec. 10:8. Ac. 7:17.
28 A.M. 2315. B.C. 1689. seventeen. ch. 37:2. the whole age. Heb. the days of the years of his life. ver. 8, marg., 9. Ps. 90:10, 12; 119:84.
29 must die. ver. 9; ch. 3:19; 50:24. De. 31:14. 2 Sa. 7:12; 14:14. 1 Ki. 2:1. Job 7:1; 14:14; 30:23. Ps. 6:5; 49:7, 9; 89:48. He. 9:27. put. See on ch. 24:2. deal kindly. ch. 24:49. bury me not. ch. 50:24, 25. Ac. 7:15, 16. He. 11:22.
30 ch. 23:19; 25:9; 49:29–32; 50:5–14, 25. 2 Sa. 19:37. 1 Ki. 13:22. Ne. 2:3, 5.
31 Swear. ch. 24:3. And Israel bowed. As shachah, which primarily signifies to bow, denotes also to worship; and as mittah, a bed, pronounced matteh, is a staff; the LXX. have taken the passage in the latter sense, and rendered it, και προσεκυνησεν Ισραηλ επι το ακρον της ραβδου αυτου, ‘and Israel worshipped upon the top of his staff,’ which is literally copied by the apostle Paul, in his Epistle to the Hebrews. The present reading is, however, supported by the Masoretic pointing and the Targums; and is most probably correct, as it would appear that Jacob was confined to his bed. See ver. 29; ch. 24:26; 48:1, 2. 1 Ki. 1:47. He. 11:21.


  CHAP. 48

  Joseph with his sons visits his sick father, 1. Jacob strengthens himself to bless them, 2. He repeats God’s promise, 3, 4. He takes Ephraim and Manasseh as his own sons, 5, 6. He tells Joseph of his mother’s grave, 7. He blesses Ephraim and Manasseh, 8–16. He prefers the younger before the elder, 17–20. He prophesies their return to Canaan, 21, 22.

1 thy father. Jno. 11:3. his two sons. ch. 41:50–52; 46:20; 50:23. Job 42:16. Ps. 128:6.
2 strengthened. De. 3:28. 1 Sa. 23:16. Ne. 2:18. Ps. 41:3. Pr. 23:15. Ep. 6:10.
3 God. ch. 17:1; 28:3; 35:11. Ex. 6:3. Re. 21:22. appeared. ch. 28:12–19; 35:6, 7, 9, 11, 12. Ho. 12:4. Luz. Ju. 1:23.
4 Behold, I. ch. 12:2; 13:15, 16; 22:17; 26:4; 28:3, 13–15; 32:12; 35:11; 46:3; 47:27. Ex. 1:7, 11. will give. De. 32:8. Am. 9:14, 15. everlasting. ch. 17:8, 13.
5 two sons. ch. 41:50–52; 46:20. Jos. 13:7; 14:4; ch. 16; 17. are mine. Le. 20:26. Nu. 1:10, 32–35; 26:28–37. Is. 43:1. Eze. 16:8. Mal. 3:17. 2 Co. 6:18. Ep. 1:5. Reuben. 1 Ch. 5:1, 2. Re. 7:6, 7.
6 and shall be called. Jos. 14:4.
7 Padan. ch. 25:20. Rachel. ch. 35:9, 16–19. 1 Sa. 10:2. Mat. 2:18. to Ephrath. Ru. 1:2. 1 Sa. 1:1; 17:12. Mi. 5:2.
9 my sons. ch. 30:2; 33:5. Ru. 4:11–14. 1 Sa. 1:20, 27; 2:20, 21. 1 Ch. 25:5; 26:4–5. Ps. 127:3. Is. 8:18; 56:3–5. bless them. ch. 27:4, 28, 29, 34–40; 28:3, 4; 49:28. De. 33:1. He. 11:21.
10 the eyes. ch. 27:1. 1 Sa. 3:2; 4:15. dim. Heb. heavy. Is. 6:10; 59:1. kissed. ch. 27:27; 31:55; 45:15. 1 Ki. 19:20.
11 I had not. ch. 37:33, 35; 42:36; 45:26. God. Ep. 3:20.
12 he bowed himself. Joseph thus shewed that his external greatness did not render him forgetful of the respect due to his father. The Egyptians were remarkable for the reverence they paid to old age: ‘for if a young person meet his senior, he instantly turns aside to make way for him; if an aged person enter an apartment, the youth always rise from their seats;’ and Mr. SAVARY observes, that the same reverence is still paid to old age in Egypt. ch. 18:2; 19:1; 23:7; 33:3; 42:6. Ex. 20:12; 34:8. Le. 19:3, 32. 1 Ki. 2:19. 2 Ki. 4:37. Pr. 31:28. Ep. 6:1.
14 his right hand. Ex. 15:6. Ps. 110:1; 118:16. and laid. Nu. 8:10, 18. De. 34:9. Mat. 19:13, 15. Mar. 6:5; 16:18. Lu. 4:40; 13:13. Ac. 6:6; 8:17–19; 13:3. 1 Ti. 4:14; 5:22. guiding. ver. 19. firstborn. ver. 18; ch. 41:51; 46:20.
15 blessed. ver. 16; ch. 27:4; 28:3; 49:28. De. 33:1. He. 11:21. did walk. ch. 5:22–24; 6:9; 17:1; 24:20. 1 Ki. 3:6. Ps. 16:8. Is. 30:21. Je. 8:2. Lu. 1:6. 1 Co. 10:31. 2 Co. 1:12. Col. 2:6. 1 Th. 2:12. fed me. ch. 28:20, 22. Ps. 23:1; 37:3; 103:4, 5. Ec. 2:24, 25; 5:12, 18; 6:7. Is. 33:16. Mat. 6:25–34. 1 Ti. 6:6–10.
16 Angel. ch. 16:7–13; 28:15; 31:11–13, 24. Ex. 3:2–6; 23:20, 21. Ju. 2:1–4; 6:21–24; 13:21, 22. Ps. 34:7, 22; 121:7. Is. 47:4; 63:9. Ho. 12:4, 5. Mal. 3:1. Ac. 7:30–35. 1 Co. 10:4, 9. redeemed. Ps. 34:2. Mat. 6:13. Jno. 17:15. Ro. 8:23. 2 Ti. 4:18. Tit. 2:14. my name. ver. 5; ch. 32:28. De. 28:10. 2 Ch. 7:14. Je. 14:9. Am. 9:12. Ac. 15:17. grow into. Heb. as fishes do increase. ch. 1:21, 22. Nu. 1:46; 26:34, 37. Fish are the most prolific of all animals: a tench lays 1000 eggs, a carp 20,000, and LEUWENHOEK counted in a middling sized cod, 9,384,000! a multitude. ch. 49:22. Ex. 1:7. Nu. 26:28–37. De. 33:17. Jos. 17:17.
17 laid his. ver. 14. displeased him. Heb. was evil in his eyes. ch. 28:8; 38:10. Nu. 11:1; 22:34, marg. 1 Sa. 16:7. 1 Ki. 16:25. 1 Ch. 21:7. Pr. 24:18. Ro. 9:7, 8, 11.
18 Not so. ch. 19:18. Ex. 10:11. Mat. 25:9. Ac. 10:14; 11:8. for this. ch. 27:15; 29:26; 43:33; 49:3.
19 said, I know it. ver. 14; ch. 17:20, 21; 25:23. Nu. 1:33–35; 2:19–21. De. 33:17. Is. 7:17. Eze. 37:10. Re. 7:6, 8. become. De. 1:10. Ru. 4:11, 12. multitude. Heb. fulness.
20 Israel bless. ch. 24:60; 28:3. Ru. 4:11, 12. and he set. Nu. 2:18–21; 7:48, 54; 10:22, 23; 13:8, 11, 16.
21 Behold. ch. 50:24. 1 Ki. 2:2–4. Ps. 146:3, 4. Ze. 1:5, 6. Lu. 2:29. Ac. 13:36. 2 Ti. 4:6. He. 7:3, 8, 23–25. 2 Pe. 1:14. God. ch. 15:14; 28:15; 46:4. De. ch. 1; 31:8. Jos. 1:5, 9; 3:7; 23:14; ch. 24. Ps. 18:46. land. ch. 12:5; 26:3; 37:1.
22 given. ch. 33:19. De. 21:17. Jos. 24:32. 1 Ch. 5:2. Eze. 47:13. Jno. 4:5. Amorite. ch. 15:16; 34:28. Jos. 17:14–18. Ju. 11:23. Am. 2:9.


  CHAP. 49

  Jacob calls his sons to bless them, 1, 2. Their blessing in particular, 3–28. He charges them about his burial, 29–32. He dies, 33.

1 Gather. De. 31:12, 28, 29; 33:1, etc. Ps. 25:14; 105:15. Is. 22:14; 53:1. Da. 2:47; 10:1. Am. 3:7. Lu. 2:26. Ro. 1:17, 18. He. 10:24, 25; 13:1. Re. 4:1. last days. Nu. 24:14. De. 4:30; 31:29. Is. 2:2; 39:6. Je. 23:20. Da. 2:28, 29; 10:14. Mi. 4:1. Ac. 2:17. 1 Ti. 4:1. 2 Ti. 3:1. He. 1:2.
2 hearken. Ps. 34:11. Pr. 1:8, 9; 4:1–4; 5:1; 6:20; 7:1, 24; 8:32; 23:22, 26.
3 my firstborn. ch. 29:32; 46:8; 48:18. Nu. 1:20; 26:5. 1 Ch. 2:1; 5:1, 3. my might. De. 21:17, 27. Ps. 78:51; 105:36.
4 Unstable. Ja. 1:6–8. 2 Pe. 2:14; 3:16. thou shalt not excel. Heb. do not thou excel. ch. 46:8. Nu. ch. 32. De. 33:6. because. ch. 35:22. De. 5:21; 27:20. 1 Ch. 5:1. 1 Co. 5:1. he went up to my couch. or, my couch is gone.
5 Simeon. ch. 29:33, 34; 34:25–31; 46:10, 11. Pr. 18:9. instruments, etc. or, their swords are weapons of violence. ch. 34:25–29, 31.
6 O my soul. Ju. 5:21. Ps. 42:5, 11; 43:5; 103:1. Je. 4:19. Lu. 12:19. come. ch. 34:30. Ps. 5:10; 26:4, 5; 28:3; 94:20, 21; 139:19. Pr. 1:11, 15, 16; 12:5. secret. De. 27:24. Ps. 26:9; 64:2. Je. 15:17. unto their. Ps. 1:1; 26:9; 94:20. 2 Co. 6:14. honour. Ps. 16:9; 30:12; 57:8. a man. ch. 34:25, 26, 31. digged down a wall. or, houghed oxen.
7 Cursed. 2 Sa. 13:15, 22–28. Pr. 26:24, 25; 27:3. I will divide. Jos. 19:1–9; ch. 21. 1 Ch. 4:24–31, 39, 40; 6:65.
8 shall praise. ch. 29:35; 44:18–34; 46:12. De. 33:7. 1 Ch. 5:2. Ps. 76:1. He. 7:14. thy hand. Nu. 1:27; 10:14; 26:22. Ju. 1:1, 2; 20:18. 2 Sa. 24:9. 1 Ki. ch. 4. 1 Ch. ch. 12. 2 Ch. 11:12–17; 14:8; 15:9; 17:2, 14–16; 30:11. Ps. 18:40–43; 78:68–71. Is. 9:7. Ph. 2:10–11. He. 7:14; 10:13. Re. 5:5; 11:15. the neck. Jos. 10:24. 2 Sa. 22:41. Eze. 21:29. thy father’s. ch. 27:29; 37:7–10; 42:6. 2 Sa. 5:3.
9 a lion’s. Ho. 5:4, 14. 1 Co. 15:24. Re. 5:5. he stooped. Nu. 23:24; 24:9.
10 sceptre. Nu. 24:17. Ps. 60:7. Je. 30:21. Ho. 11:12. Eze. 19:11, 14. Zec. 10:11. lawgiver. Nu. 21:18. Ps. 60:7; 108:8. Is. 33:22. between. De. 28:57. until. Is. 9:6; 11:1–5; 62:11. Je. 23:5, 6. Eze. 21:27. Da. 9:25. Mat. 1:21; 17:5; 21:9. Lu. 1:32, 33. Jno. 9:7; 18:31; 19:12, 15. the gathering. Ps. 7:8–11. Is. 2:2; 11:10, 12, 13; 42:1, 3, 4; 49:6, 7, 22, 23; 55:4, 5; 60:1, 3–5. Eze. 21:27. Hag. 2:7. Zec. 2:11; 8:20–23. Mat. 25:32. Lu. 1:32, 33; 2:30–32. Jno. 12:32. Ro. 15:12. 2 Co. 5:10. He. 7:14. Re. 11:15.
11 his foal. Is. 63:1–3. he washed. 1 Ki. 4:20, 25. 2 Ki. 18:32. Joel 3:18. Mi. 4:4. Re. 7:14; 19:18.
12 Pr. 23:29.
13 ch. 30:20. De. 33:18, 19. Jos. 19:10–16.
14 ch. 30:18. De. 33:18. Jos. 19:17–23. Ju. 5:15; 10:1. 1 Ch. 12:32.
15 rest. Jos. 14:15. Ju. 3:11. 2 Sa. 7:1. bowed. Ps. 81:6. Eze. 29:18. Mat. 23:4.
16 ch. 30:6. Nu. 10:25. De. 33:22. Ju. 13:2, 24, 25; 15:20; 18:1, 2.
17 shall be. Ju. ch. 14; 15; 16:22–30; 18:22–31. 1 Ch. 12:35. an adder. Heb. an arrow-snake.
18 Ps. 14:7; 25:6; 40:1; 62:1, 5; 85:7; 119:41, 166, 174; 123:2; 130:5. Is. 8:17; 25:9; 36:8; 30:18; 33:2. La. 3:25. Mi. 7:7. Mat. 1:21. Mar. 15:43. Lu. 1:30; 2:25, 30; 23:51. Ro. 8:19, 25. Ga. 5:5. 1 Th. 1:10.
19 ch. 30:11; 46:16. Nu. ch. 32. De. 33:20, 21. Jos. 13:8. Ju. ch. 10; 11. 1 Ch. 3:18–22; 5:11–22, 26.
20 ch. 30:13; 46:17. De. 33:24, 25. Jos. 19:24–31.
21 ch. 30:8; 46:24. De. 33:23. Jos. 19:32–39. Ju. 4:6, 10; 5:18. Ps. 18:33, 34. Mat. 4:15, 16. Nepthalim.
22 a fruitful. ch. 30:22–24; 41:52; 46:27; 48:1, 5, 16, 19, 20. Nu. ch. 32. De. 33:17. Jos. ch. 16; 17:14–17. Ps. 1:1–3; 128:1, 3. Eze. 19:11. branches. Heb. daughters.
23 ch. 37:4, 18, 24, 28; 39:7–20; 42:21. Ps. 64:3; 118:13. Jno. 16:33. Ac. 14:22.
24 his bow. Ne. 6:9. Ps. 27:14; 28:8; 89:1. Col. 1:11. 2 Ti. 4:17. were made. Job 29:20. Ps. 18:32–35; 37:14, 15; 44:7. Zec. 10:12. Ro. 14:4. the mighty. ch. 35:10, 11. Ex. 3:6. Ps. 18:1, 30, 32, 34; 132:2, 5. Is. 29:6; 60:16. the shepherd. ch. 45:5, 7, 11; 47:12; 50:21. Nu. 27:16–18. De. 34:9. Jos. 1:1–9; ch. 24. Ps. 80:1. the stone. De. 32:4. Ps. 118:22. Is. 28:16. Zec. 3:9. Mat. 21:42. Mar. 12:10. Lu. 20:17. Ac. 4:11. Ep. 2:20. 1 Pe. 2:4–8.
25 the God. ch. 28:13, 21; 35:3; 43:23. De. 8:17; 28:12; 33:1, 13–17. the Almighty. ch. 17:1; 35:11. with blessings. De. 28:2–12; 33:13. Ps. 84:11; 85:12. Mat. 6:33. 1 Co. 3:21, 22. Ep. 1:3. Phi. 4:19. 1 Ti. 4:8.
26 have prevailed. ch. 27:27–29, 39, 40; 28:3, 4. Ep. 1:3. everlasting hills. De. 33:15. Ps. 89:36. Is. 54:10. Eze. 37:25, 26. Jon. 2:6. Hab. 3:6. they shall. De. 33:16. Ps. 132:18. was separate. ch. 37:28. Nu. 6:2. Ps. 105:17–22. Is. 66:5. Ac. 7:9.
27 ravin. ch. 35:18; 46:21. De. 33:12. a wolf. Nu. 23:24. Ju. 3:15–29; 20:21, 25. 1 Sa. 11:4–11; ch. 14; 15; 17. Ac. 8:3; 9:1. Phi. 3:5. at night. Je. 5:6. Eze. 22:25, 27. Ho. 13:7, 8. Zep. 3:3. Mat. 7:15; 10:16. Ac. 20:29.
28 the twelve. Nu. 23:24. Es. 8:7, 9, 11; ch. 9; 10. Eze. 39:8–10. Zec. 14:1–7. every one. ch. 35:22. Ex. 28:21. 1 Ki. 18:31. Ac. 26:7. Ja. 1:1. Re. 7:4.
29 gathered. Ro. 12:6, etc. bury me. ch. 15:15; 25:8–17; 35:29. He. 12:23. in the cave. ch. 47:30. 2 Sa. 19:37. Ephron. ch. 50:13.
30 Abraham bought. ch. 23:8.
31 ch. 23:3, 16–20; 25:9; 35:29; 47:30; 50:13. Ac. 7:16.
32 ch. 23:17–20.
33 had made. ver. 1, 24–26. Jos. 24:27–29. He. 11:22. and yielded. ver. 29; ch. 15:5; 25:8, 17; 35:29. Job 5:26; 14:10; 30:23. Ec. 12:7. Is. 57:1, 2. Lu. 2:29. He. 11:13–16; 12:23.


  CHAP. 50

  The mourning for Jacob, 1–3. Joseph gets leave of Pharaoh to go to bury him, 4–6. The funeral, 7–14. Joseph comforts his brethren, who crave his pardon, 15–21. His age, 22. He sees the third generation of his sons, 23. He prophesies unto his brethren of their return, 24. He takes an oath of them concerning his bones, 25. He dies, and is put into a coffin, 26.

1 fell. ch. 46:4. De. 6:7, 8. Ep. 6:4. wept. ch. 23:2. 2 Ki. 13:14. Mar. 5:38, 39. Jno. 11:35–38. Ac. 8:2. 1 Th. 4:13.
2 the physicians. The Hebrew ropheim, from rapha, to heal, is literally the healers, those whose business it was to heal, or restore the body from sickness, by administering proper medicines; and when death took place, to heal or preserve it from decomposition by embalming. The word chanat, to embalm, is also used in Arabic to express the reddening of leather; somewhat analagous to our tanning; which is probably the grand principle in embalming. embalmed. ver. 26. 2 Ch. 16:14, 18. Mat. 26:12. Mar. 14:8; 16:1. Lu. 24:1. Jno. 12:7; 19:39, 40.
3 forty days. We learn from the Greek historians, that the time of mourning was while the body remained with the embalmers, which HERODOTUS says was seventy days. During this time the body lay in nitre, the use of which was to dry up all its superfluous and noxious moisture: and when, in the space of 30 days, this was sufficiently effected, the remaining forty, the time mentioned by DIODORUS, were employed in anointing it with gums and spices to preserve it, which was properly the embalming. This sufficiently explains the phraseology of the text. mourned. Heb. wept. threescore. Nu. 20:29. De. 21:13; 34:8.
4 the days. ver. 10. Joseph. Es. 4:2. found grace. ch. 18:3.
5 made me. ch. 47:29–31. Lo, I die. ver. 24; ch. 48:21; 49:29, 30. De. 4:22. 1 Sa. 14:43. I have. 2 Ch. 16:14. Is. 22:16. Mat. 27:60. bury me. ch. 3:19. Job 30:23. Ps. 79:3. Ec. 6:3; 12:5, 7. let me go. Mat. 8:21, 22. Lu. 9:59, 60.
6 as he made. ch. 48:21.
7 and with him. ch. 14:16.
8 only their. Ex. 10:8, 9, 26. Nu. 32:24–27.
9 chariots. ch. 41:43; 46:29. Ex. 14:7, 17, 28. 2 Ki. 18:24. Ca. 1:9. Ac. 8:2.
10 the threshingfloor. This place was situated, according to JEROME, between the Jordan and the city of Jericho, two miles from the former, and three from the latter, where Bethagla was afterwards built. PROCOPIUS of Gaza states the same. As aataad signifies thorns, the place might have been remarkable for their production; though all the versions except the Arabic consider it as a proper name. As Moses wrote or revised his history on the east side of Jordan, the term beyond Jordan, in his five books, means westward of Jordan; but in other parts of Scripture it generally means eastward. beyond. ver. 11. De. 1:1. seven days. ver. 4. Nu. 19:11. De. 34:8. 1 Sa. 31:13. 2 Sa. 1:17. Job 2:13. Ac. 8:2.
11 the Canaanites. ch. 10:15–19; 13:7; 24:6; 34:30. Abel-mizraim. i.e. The mourning of the Egyptians. 1 Sa. 6:18. beyond Jordan. ver. 10. De. 3:25, 27; 11:30.
12 ch. 47:29–31; 49:29–32. Ex. 20:12. Ac. 7:16. Ep. 6:1.
13 the cave. ch. 23:16–18; 25:9; 35:27, 29; 49:29–31. 2 Ki. 21:18.
15 their father. ch. 27:41, 42. Joseph. ch. 42:17. Le. 26:36. Job 15:21, 22. Ps. 14:5; 53:5. Pr. 28:1. Ro. 2:15.
16 sent. Heb. charged. Pr. 29:25.
17 Forgive. Mat. 6:12, 14, 15; 18:35. Lu. 17:3, 4. Ep. 4:32. Col. 3:12, 13. they did. ver. 20. Job 33:27, 28. Ps. 21:11. Pr. 28:13. Ja. 5:16. servants. ch. 31:42; 49:25. Mat. 10:42; 25:40. Mar. 10:41. Ga. 6:10, 16. Phile. 8–20. wept. ch. 42:21–24; 45:4, 5, 8.
18 fell. ch. 43:28; 37:7–11; 42:6; 44:14; 45:3.
19 fear not. ch. 45:5. Mat. 14:27. Lu. 24:37, 38. for am I. It belongs to God to execute vengeance, and Joseph did not intend to usurp his prerogative. Thus he instructed his brethren not to fear him, but to fear God; to humble themselves before God, and to seek his forgiveness. ch. 30:2. De. 32:35. 2 Ki. 5:7. Job 34:19–29. Ro. 12:19. He. 10:30.
20 ye thought. ch. 37:4, 18–20. Ps. 56:5. God meant. ch. 45:5–8. Ps. 76:10; 105:16, 17; 119:71. Is. 10:7. Ac. 2:23; 3:13–15, 26. Ro. 8:28.
21 I will nourish. ch. 45:10, 11; 47:12. Mat. 5:44; 6:14. Ro. 12:20, 21. 1 Th. 5:15. 1 Pe. 3:9. kindly unto them. Heb. to their hearts. ch. 34:3. Is. 40:2, marg.
22 an hundred. Joseph’s life was the shortest of all the patriarchs; for which Bp. PATRICK gives this reason, he was the son of his father’s old age.
23 the children. ch. 48:19; 49:12. Nu. 32:33, 39. Jos. 17:1. Job 42:16. Ps. 128:6. brought up. Heb. born. Joseph’s. ch. 30:3.
24 I die. ver. 5; ch. 3:19. Job 30:23. Ec. 12:5, 7. Ro. 5:12. He. 9:27. visit you. ch. 21:1. Ex. 4:31. you out. ch. 15:14–16; 26:3; 35:12; 46:4; 48:21. Ex. 3:16, 17. sware. ch. 12:7; 13:15, 17; 15:7, 18; 17:8; 26:3; 28:13; 35:12; 46:4. Ex. 33:1. Nu. 32:11. De. 1:8; 6:10.
25 took an. ver. 5; ch. 47:29–31. and ye. Ex. 13:19. Jos. 24:32. Ac. 7:16. He. 11:22.
26 being an hundred and ten years old. Ben meah weâiser shanim; ‘the son of an hundred and ten years;’ the period he lived being personified. ver. 22; ch. 47:9, 28. Jos. 24:29. they embalmed. ver. 2, 3.


CONCLUDING REMARKS

Thus terminates the Book of Genesis, the most ancient record in the world; including the History of two grand and stupendous subjects, Creation and Providence; of each of which it presents a summary, but astonishingly minute and detailed account. From this Book, almost all the ancient philosophers, astronomers, chronologists, and historians have taken their respective data; and all the modern improvements and accurate discoveries in different arts and sciences, have only served to confirm the facts detailed by Moses, and to shew, that all the ancient writers on these subjects have approached, or receded from, truth and the phenomena of Nature, in exactly the same proportion as they have followed or receded from, the Mosaic history. The great fact of the deluge is fully confirmed by the fossilised remains in every quarter of the globe. Add to this, that general traditions of the deluge have been traced among the Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, Hindoos, Burmans, ancient Goths and Druids, Mexicans, Peruvians, Brazilians, North American Indians, Greenlanders, Otaheiteans, Sandwich Islanders, and almost every nation under heaven; while the allegorical turgidity of these distorted traditions sufficiently distinguishes them from the unadorned simplicity of the Mosaic narrative. In fine, without this history the world would be in comparative darkness, not knowing whence it came, nor whither it goeth. In the first page, a child may learn more in an hour, than all the philosophers in the world learned without it in a thousand years.*


B. Blayney, Thomas Scott, and R.A. Torrey with John Canne, Browne, The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge, vol. 1 (London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, n.d.), 1–37.